CN113245562A - Equipment for preparing metal test piece and structural part by high-energy beam - Google Patents
Equipment for preparing metal test piece and structural part by high-energy beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113245562A CN113245562A CN202110691561.0A CN202110691561A CN113245562A CN 113245562 A CN113245562 A CN 113245562A CN 202110691561 A CN202110691561 A CN 202110691561A CN 113245562 A CN113245562 A CN 113245562A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
Abstract
The invention discloses equipment for preparing a metal test piece and a structural member by high energy beams, which comprises a high energy beam heat source, an atmosphere protection system, a powder feeding system and a high-flux forming and specific structure forming dual-purpose cooling copper plate system; the dual-purpose cooling copper plate system for high-flux forming and special structure forming comprises two cooling copper plates which can be spliced in a turnover mode and a rail system used for rapidly turning over the cooling copper plates; the surface of one side of the cooling copper plate is concavely provided with a plurality of powder loading grooves for high-flux forming, and the surface of the other side of the cooling copper plate is provided with a plurality of positioning threaded holes; and a passage for the circulation of a cooling medium is arranged in the cooling copper plate. Based on a new material laser metallurgy high-flux preparation technology and a complex structure additive manufacturing technology, the invention is based on the fact that laser is used as a heat source, on one hand, a large number of small samples with different components or process parameters can be designed and formed at one time, and on the other hand, equipment and a method for forming a large number of samples with specific structures can be formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material additive manufacturing, in particular to equipment for preparing a metal test piece and a structural piece by high-energy beams.
Background
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is commonly called 3D printing technology, and is an efficient digital forming technology for obtaining three-dimensional parts by building a digital model and stacking layer by layer. The method has the advantages of short period, no need of a die and high response design speed in the additive manufacturing of complex metal parts, is a hot technology concerned by scientific research and manufacturing industry, and is gradually applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace, medical treatment and the like.
Compared with the traditional metal part manufacturing technologies such as forging, casting and the like, the laser melting deposition additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: the preparation of the high-performance material and the manufacture of the complex component are completed in one step, the high-flexibility characteristic of the high-performance material can realize the manufacture of the high-performance non-equilibrium material and the complex structure, and the formed component has a rapid solidification non-equilibrium structure without macrosegregation and compact component uniform structure and has excellent comprehensive mechanical property; the method has the advantages of no need of large forging equipment, short material utilization processing time period of a large forging and pressing die, low cost and short period, is particularly suitable for rapid low-cost production of high-performance and difficult-to-process large complex metal alloy structural parts, and has the manufacturing characteristic of high flexibility, so that the method can be widely applied to repair of metal components and can be combined with the traditional manufacturing technology to form a hybrid manufacturing technology. In particular, the additive manufacturing uses laser as a heat source, laser spots are very small, and a generated molten pool for additive manufacturing is in a micron level, so that the effect of micro-area metallurgy is obtained.
However, laser additive manufacturing costs are relatively high, and many samples cannot be formed at one time, and most of the existing additive manufacturing materials are materials developed based on traditional processes such as casting or forging, and these materials are often poor in formability when subjected to laser additive manufacturing, cannot exert the advantages of high-performance metal materials prepared by additive manufacturing, and need to develop new materials specially designed for additive manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new laser additive manufacturing method capable of simultaneously and rapidly designing a material and preparing a test piece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides and designs equipment which can design and form a large number of small samples with different components or process parameters at one time and can form a large number of samples with specific structures on the other hand based on a new material laser metallurgy high-flux preparation technology and a complex structure additive manufacturing technology by taking laser as a heat source.
Specifically, the invention firstly provides equipment for preparing a metal test piece and a structural member by high-energy beam, which is characterized in that:
the equipment comprises a high-energy beam heat source, an atmosphere protection system, a powder feeding system and a high-flux forming and specific structure forming dual-purpose cooling copper plate system;
the dual-purpose cooling copper plate system for high-flux forming and special structure forming comprises two cooling copper plates which can be spliced in a turnover mode and a rail system used for rapidly turning over the cooling copper plates; the surface of one side of the cooling copper plate is concavely provided with a plurality of powder loading grooves for high-flux forming, and the surface of the other side of the cooling copper plate is provided with a plurality of positioning threaded holes; and a passage for the circulation of a cooling medium is arranged in the cooling copper plate.
Further preferably, the equipment further comprises a base plate, and the base plate is detachably fixed on the surface of the cooling copper plate through the positioning threaded hole.
Preferably, the track system comprises a pair of fan-shaped tracks, the fan-shaped tracks are formed by mutually splicing a horizontal track, a vertical track and an arc-shaped track, and the horizontal track extends a section of translation track along the horizontal direction at the joint of the horizontal track and the arc-shaped track; one pair of side surfaces of each cooling copper plate is used as a splicing surface for turn-over splicing, two cylindrical fixing columns are arranged at two ends of one side surface of the other pair of side surfaces, the cylindrical fixing columns can be placed on the fan-shaped track in a sliding mode, and the distance between the two cylindrical fixing columns of each cooling copper plate is equal to the length of the horizontal part and the length of the vertical part of the fan-shaped track; the fan-shaped rails are fixedly arranged in such a way that when two cylinders of each cooling copper plate are positioned at the end part of the translation rail far away from the horizontal rail and the other cylinder of each cooling copper plate is positioned on the horizontal rail, the two cooling copper plates are just spliced into a whole.
Further preferably, when the two cooling copper plates are spliced into a whole, a detachable positioning block is arranged between the side surface of each cooling copper plate opposite to the splicing surface and the inner wall of the equipment.
Preferably, the shape of the outer peripheral wall of the cooling medium flowing channel is conformal to the shape of the outer surface of the cooling copper plate, four nozzles are arranged at four corners of each cooling copper plate, two nozzles are used as water inlets of the cooling medium flowing channel, and two nozzles are used as water outlets of the cooling medium flowing channel.
Further preferably, the powder feeding system comprises a rapid powder mixing device, the rapid powder mixing device comprises a plurality of powder loading bins and a powder mixing bin, and the bottoms of the powder loading bins extend into the powder mixing bin.
Preferably, a powder loading bin screen is arranged at the lower part in each powder loading bin, and a drawable baffle is arranged below the powder loading bin screen.
Further preferably, a rotatable funnel located below the powder loading bin is arranged in the powder mixing bin, four powder mixing bin screens with different screen hole arrangement directions are sequentially arranged below the rotatable funnel from top to bottom in the powder mixing bin, the peripheral wall of the rotatable funnel is provided with 4 uniformly distributed raised metal sheets, and the middle of the rotatable funnel is provided with a funnel screen.
Further preferably, the powder containing bin has transparent wall and is provided with scale marks.
Further preferably, the pore size of the sieve is 200-400 μm.
The invention relates to a device for preparing a metal test piece and a structural part by high-energy beam, which comprises the following steps:
at first, a cooling copper plate is designed, in order to enable the device to meet the requirements of simultaneously manufacturing a large number of different small samples and samples with certain complex structures, the device which can process both the front and back surfaces of the cooling copper plate by means of a rail system is designed, one surface of the cooling copper plate is provided with a large number of powder loading grooves, the cooling copper plate can form a large number of button-shaped small samples at one time, the other surface of the cooling copper plate is provided with a plurality of positioning threaded holes, a substrate can be placed above the copper plate by means of the positioning threaded holes, and laser material increase preparation of the samples with specific structures is carried out on the substrate.
Secondly, a quick powder mixing device is designed, only 3 to 5 minutes are needed from powder filling, powder mixing and cleaning, quick powder mixing is realized, and the manufacturing period is greatly shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rapid powder loading device of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the rotatable funnel and the powder mixing bin screen of the powder mixing bin according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the cooling copper plate structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of a cooled copper plate according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for preparing directionally solidified alloy on a substrate.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of a plurality of button-shaped aluminum alloy test specimens prepared in a high-throughput forming mode according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows that a high-throughput forming mode is adopted to prepare a plurality of button-shaped aluminum alloy sample metallographic structures.
FIG. 9 is a plurality of photographs of columnar high-entropy alloy prepared by adopting a specific structure forming mode.
FIG. 10 shows a plurality of columnar high-entropy alloy metallographic structures prepared by a specific structure forming mode.
FIG. 11 is a photograph of a plurality of columnar nickel-base superalloys prepared in a particular structural forming mode in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 12 shows a plurality of columnar nickel-based superalloy metallographic structures prepared by a specific structural forming mode according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus for preparing a metallic test piece and a structural member by high energy beam according to the present invention comprises a high energy beam heat such as a laser 2 and a moving beam 1 for moving the laser 2 in three axes XYZ; the atmosphere protection system comprises two air inlet/outlet pipes 3 respectively arranged above and below the equipment, and air valves 10 are also arranged on the air inlet/outlet pipes 3; a powder feeding system including a powder feeding nozzle 4; and, a high throughput forming and structure specific forming dual purpose cooled copper plate system.
The high-flux forming and special structure forming dual-purpose cooling copper plate system comprises two cooling copper plates which can be spliced in a turnover mode (shown in figures 4 and 5) and a rail system for rapidly turning over the cooling copper plates; a plurality of powder loading grooves 6 for high-flux forming are concavely arranged on one side surface of the cooling copper plate (as shown in figures 1, 4 and 5, the specific embodiment is 228 powder loading grooves 6 of each cooling copper plate 19 × 12), and a plurality of positioning threaded holes 8 are arranged on the other side surface of the cooling copper plate (as shown in figures 1 and 5, the specific embodiment is 3 × 5 positioning threaded holes of each copper plate); the inside of the cooling copper plate is provided with a passage (shown in fig. 4 and 5) for the circulation of a cooling medium, the appearance of the outer peripheral wall of the passage for the circulation of the cooling medium is conformal to the appearance of the outer surface of the cooling copper plate (shown in fig. 5), four corners of each cooling copper plate are provided with four pipe orifices 11 (shown in fig. 4), two of the pipe orifices are used as water inlets of the passage for the circulation of the cooling medium, and two of the pipe orifices are used as water outlets of the passage for the circulation of the cooling medium; the equipment also comprises a base plate (shown in figure 6), wherein the base plate is detachably fixed on the surface of the cooling copper plate through a positioning threaded hole 8; the concrete arrangement of the cooling copper slabs and the rail system is as follows (as shown in fig. 1): the track system comprises a pair of fan-shaped tracks 5, wherein each fan-shaped track is formed by mutually splicing a horizontal track, a vertical track and an arc-shaped track, and the horizontal track extends a section of translation track along the horizontal direction at the joint of the horizontal track and the arc-shaped track; one pair of side surfaces of each cooling copper plate is used as a splicing surface for turn-over splicing, two cylindrical fixing columns 7 are arranged at two ends of one side surface of the other pair of side surfaces, the cylindrical fixing columns 7 can be placed on the fan-shaped track 5 in a sliding mode, and the distance between the two cylindrical fixing columns of each cooling copper plate is equal to the length of a horizontal track and the length of a vertical track of the fan-shaped track; the fan-shaped tracks 5 are fixedly arranged, when two cylindrical fixing columns 7 of each cooling copper plate are arranged, one is arranged at the end part of the translation track far away from the horizontal track, and the other is arranged on the horizontal track, the two cooling copper plates are just spliced into a whole; when the two cooling copper plates are spliced into a whole, in order to ensure that the cooling copper plates cannot move in the preparation process, a detachable positioning block 9 is arranged between the side surface of each cooling copper plate opposite to the splicing surface and the inner wall of the equipment.
The invention adopts a high-throughput forming and special structure forming dual-purpose cooling copper plate system, and can be used for preparing a large number of small samples with different components and parameters and a device for preparing samples with a complex structure, when a large number of small samples with different components or process parameters need to be prepared by the device, the device provides two powder preparation methods, the first method is that a large number of powders with different components, which are obtained by mixing the powders by a quick powder mixing device (as shown in figure 2 and detailed below), are respectively put into powder containing grooves 6 after being designed in advance, then protective atmosphere is adjusted, a cooling device is started, and laser is applied to the powder containing grooves 6 in sequence by applying a pre-designed program to prepare the powder; the second is that protective atmosphere is adjusted first, after the cooling device is started, 4 powder feeding nozzles arranged around the laser head are used for spraying different metal powder into the powder containing groove 6, laser is used for processing, the powder feeding rate proportion of each powder feeding nozzle is adjusted to achieve the change of powder components, and when the method is adopted, powder needs to be fed for 2 to 5 seconds first, laser is started after powder with certain content is fed into the powder groove, and paraxial powder feeding processing is carried out to prevent the cooling copper plate from being burnt out due to overhigh laser energy and damage the device. It should be noted that the first method is recommended because firstly the control accuracy of the sample composition is low, secondly the cooling copper plate may be burned out, and meanwhile, the splashing of the powder may cause pollution to other samples during powder feeding, and the first method combined with the unique rapid powder mixing device of the present invention does not cost too much powder mixing time, thereby ensuring the powder mixing precision and shortening the manufacturing period. When the sample with the special structure is prepared by means of laser additive of the equipment, the two cooling copper plates can be turned over by means of a rail system, the substrate is fixed on the cooling copper plates by means of the positioning threaded holes 8, laser is opened while powder is fed, the powder is fed to a molten pool by means of the powder feeding nozzle, and the movement of the laser is controlled by means of the beam 1 above the laser head, so that the sample with the special structure is manufactured by means of laser additive.
The equipment is provided with an atmosphere protection system, so that the processing atmosphere can be ensured to be in a vacuum environment, an argon protection environment and a helium protection environment. The upper part and the lower part of the device are respectively provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and the atmosphere adjusting process is as follows: firstly, the device can be vacuumized, two air inlet pipes above the application equipment are connected with the vacuumizing device, other air outlet pipes and powder feeding pipes are sealed by using specific air valves, after the air tightness of the device is ensured, a vacuum detector is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the device, helium or argon protective gas can be introduced inwards according to the processed material and the field condition after the vacuum environment is reached, and when the density of the processed material is more than 3.5g/cm3In the process, argon with higher density can be used as protective gas to ensure that the deposition quality of the sample is better. Because of the argon gas density is higher, is higher than the air density, in order to ensure that argon gas fully fills up whole equipment to the lower left corner pipeline is as the intake pipe, and the upper right corner pipeline is as the blast pipe, opens the pneumatic valve of these two pipelines, lets in argon gas to the equipment in, can be applied to titanium alloy, steel, nickel alloy etc.. When the density of the processed material is less than 3.5g/cm3In the process, helium with lower density can be applied, and because the helium density is lower, in order to ensure that the whole equipment is fully filled, the upper left corner pipeline is used as an air inlet pipe, the lower right corner pipeline is used as an air outlet pipe, air valves of the two pipelines are opened, helium is introduced into the equipment, and the helium filling device can be applied to aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like.
The cooling system of the cooling copper plate of the equipment is shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the left and right cooling copper plates are internally provided with specially designed water ways, and particularly, the appearance of the outer wall of each water way is conformal with the appearance of the outer surface of each cooling copper plate, so that a better cooling effect is ensured. Every cooling copper four corners is furnished with 4 mouths of pipe 11, and mouth of pipe 11 intercommunication inside cooling water route can select two on the left side as the oral siphon right side two as the outlet pipe, and the purpose ensures that the coolant liquid can fully be full of the water route, but the coolant liquid rapid cycle fully ensures the cooling effect of device. The cooling fluid is usually water, and when a special cooling gradient is required, liquid nitrogen can be used as the cooling fluid. One side of two cooling copper plates is furnished with 24 x 19 and totally 456 dress powder groove, has realized the requirement of once only forming a large amount of samples, and the another side is furnished with 6 x 5 location screw holes, when needing to prepare the sample that has special structure, like the condition that fig. 6 shows, need lay the base plate at the another side of cooling copper plate, ensure that the base plate has high cooling rate, can realize the quick turn-over of cooling copper plate through rail system, the concrete operation mode of quick turn-over is as follows: initially, two cooling copper plates are spliced into an integral state, two cylindrical fixing columns 7 of each cooling copper plate are respectively positioned at the end part of the translation track far away from the horizontal track and the horizontal track, and a positioning block 9 is detachably arranged between the side surface of each cooling copper plate opposite to the splicing surface and the inner wall of the equipment so as to ensure that the cooling copper plates are mutually and closely spliced; then, firstly, the positioning block 9 is removed to enable the cooling copper plates to move, the two cooling copper plates are horizontally moved and pulled along the horizontal rail and the horizontal rail to two sides, so that one of the two cylindrical fixing columns 7 is horizontally moved to the joint of the horizontal rail and the vertical rail, and the other one of the two cylindrical fixing columns is horizontally moved from one end of the horizontal rail far away from the horizontal rail to one end close to the horizontal rail, namely the joint of the horizontal rail, the arc rail and the horizontal rail; then, moving the cylindrical fixed column of the cooling copper plate at the joint of the horizontal rail and the vertical rail along the vertical rail until the highest point of the vertical rail, and at the moment, moving the other cylindrical fixed column to the joint of the horizontal rail and the vertical rail from the joint of the horizontal rail, the arc rail and the translation rail, wherein the cooling copper plate is changed from the original horizontal placement to the vertical placement; then, moving the two cooling copper plates along the fan-shaped track, specifically moving a cylindrical fixed column of the cooling copper plate, which is currently positioned above the joint of the vertical track and the fan-shaped track, along the fan-shaped track until the joint of the horizontal track, the arc-shaped track and the translation track, and keeping the cylindrical fixed column below the joint of the horizontal track and the vertical track still, so that the copper plates are turned over for 180 degrees; then, the two cooling copper plates are mutually close to the middle along the horizontal rail and the translation rail until the cylindrical fixing column positioned at the joint of the horizontal rail, the arc rail and the translation rail is translated to the end part of the translation rail far away from the horizontal rail, and the two cooling copper plates are spliced into a whole; subsequently, in order to ensure that the cooling copper plate after splicing can not move, a positioning block 9 is arranged between the side face of the cooling copper plate opposite to the splicing face and the inner wall of the equipment, and it can be thought that if no positioning block 9 is arranged, the cooling copper plate can move towards two sides along a horizontal track and a translation track due to reasons such as mechanical vibration in the manufacturing process of equipment use, so that the laser processing position is changed, the experiment failure is caused, and the positioning block 9 can position the cooling copper plate to ensure that the cooling copper plate is closely spliced all the time after being closed and can not move. The turnover device designed by the invention ensures smaller device volume, the copper plate is heavier, the turnover speed is improved by the rail system, and the experimental period is shortened. After the turnover, the substrate is fixed on the cooling copper plate through the positioning threaded hole 8, so that the cooling efficiency of the substrate can be improved while the substrate can be firmly fixed on the cooling substrate. The directional solidification and even the preparation of single crystal high temperature alloy can be realized on the substrate by depending on the cooling of the copper plate below and the high thermal gradient of laser additive manufacturing.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the powder feeding system further includes a fast powder mixing device, the fast powder mixing device includes a plurality of powder loading bins 16 (specifically, 5 powder loading bins are provided in the embodiment, which can meet fast powder mixing of at most 5 kinds of powder) and a powder mixing bin 17, the bin wall of the powder loading bin 16 is transparent, and the bin wall is provided with a scale, so that the volume of the powder added in the powder loading bin can be obtained according to the scale, and further, the obtained powder components can be rapidly controlled through the change of different powder heights according to the component of the powder required to be configured; the bottoms of the powder containing bins 16 extend into the powder mixing bin 17; a powder loading bin screen 12 is arranged at the lower part in each powder loading bin 16 and used for controlling the flow speed of powder in the powder loading bin into the powder mixing bin and preventing the powder mixing effect from being poor due to accumulation caused by excessive powder in the powder mixing bin, and a drawable baffle plate is arranged below the powder loading bin screen 12 and used for controlling the flow of the powder and controlling the quantity of the powder input into the powder mixing bin; a rotatable funnel 13 is arranged in the powder mixing bin 17 and is positioned below the powder loading bin 16, and the rotatable funnel is controlled by a motor 14 to rotate at a set speed so as to promote the powder to flow, improve the powder mixing effect and reduce the powder preparation time; mix and lie in rotatable funnel 13 below from the top down in the powder storehouse 17 and set gradually four sieve mesh arrangement direction different mix powder storehouse screen 15, thereby make the powder discharge back through the funnel below, flow the different screen cloth of 4 sieve mesh arrangement directions placed downwards, make the powder intensive mixing even, as shown in fig. 3, rotatable funnel perisporium is furnished with 4 evenly distributed's protruding sheetmetal, a mixing effect for improving the powder, rotatable funnel middle part also is furnished with a funnel screen cloth, on the one hand can control powder flow rate, on the other hand also can further promote the mixture of powder. The pore diameters of the sieve meshes are 200-400 mu m. The invention generally needs to prepare a large amount of powder with different components, the quick powder mixing device can realize quick powder preparation, after the preparation of one component powder is finished, the upper cover of the powder mixing bin is taken down, and the industrial dust collector is used for collecting dust for 1 to 2 minutes, so that the next powder can be prepared. The powder is prepared only in 3 to 5 minutes from powder filling, powder mixing and cleaning, so that the powder can be quickly mixed and uniformly mixed, and the manufacturing period is greatly shortened.
The two preparation modes of the equipment are specifically used and switched as follows:
when high-throughput preparation of small samples with different compositions or processing parameters is required:
1. a large amount of powder with different components is obtained by applying a quick powder mixing device.
2. The powder is placed in a powder transfer tank.
3. And closing the air valve of the exhaust pipe below and the valve of the powder feeding pipe to ensure the airtight environment of the equipment, vacuumizing, and introducing specific protective gas.
4. And introducing cooling liquid to ensure that the cooling copper plate is filled with the cooling liquid.
5. And starting laser to sequentially melt the powder in the powder transferring groove by the laser to obtain a large number of button-shaped samples.
6. And (5) exhausting the protective gas and closing the protective gas input.
7. The cooling liquid is turned off.
8. And taking out the sample and numbering.
9. The equipment is cleaned, and the next use is facilitated.
Secondly, when a sample with a certain structure is required to be manufactured by laser additive:
1. the cooling copper plate is turned over by 180 degrees by using a rail system.
2. And fixing the substrate on the cooling copper plate through positioning threads.
3. And closing the air valve of the lower exhaust pipe and the valve of the powder feeding pipe, vacuumizing, and introducing specific protective gas.
4. And introducing cooling liquid to ensure that the cooling copper plate is filled with the cooling liquid.
5. And starting powder feeding and laser, and depositing a sample on the substrate through a set program.
6. And (5) exhausting the protective gas and closing the protective gas input.
7. The cooling liquid is turned off.
8. The sample was taken out.
9. The equipment is cleaned, and the next use is facilitated.
The following are several specific examples prepared using this apparatus.
Example 1:
FIG. 7 shows button-like samples of aluminum alloys prepared by cooling the front surface of a copper plate in a high-throughput forming mode using this apparatus. It can be seen that each powder containing groove is internally provided with a button-shaped sample prepared by laser, the added powder components and the processing parameters are changed in experiments, a large number of samples with different added component contents and different laser irradiation powers and processing times are obtained, metallographic observation is carried out on the samples to obtain a metallographic structure shown in a figure 8, and a compact structure is obtained after laser processing and water cooling.
Example 2:
fig. 9 shows a plurality of columnar high-entropy alloys obtained by cooling the back surface of the copper plate in a specific structure forming mode by using the device, in this experiment, powder feeding rates and processing parameters of different powders are changed, and after the alloys are cut from the substrate, a plurality of columnar samples of about 23cm are obtained, and a metallographic structure of the alloys is also shown in fig. 10, so that it can be seen that high thermal gradient is caused by laser and water cooling, and then continuously grown columnar crystals are generated.
Example 3:
fig. 11 shows that the powder feeding rate, the processing parameters and the sample growth height of different powders are changed in the experiment, and after the powders are cut from the substrate, a plurality of columnar samples from 30cm to 80cm are obtained, and the high temperature gradient can be seen from the metallographic structure of fig. 12, so that the columnar crystals which are continuously and directionally grown are obtained.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an equipment of high energy beam preparation metal test spare and structure which characterized in that:
the equipment comprises a high-energy beam heat source, an atmosphere protection system, a powder feeding system and a high-flux forming and specific structure forming dual-purpose cooling copper plate system;
the dual-purpose cooling copper plate system for high-flux forming and special structure forming comprises two cooling copper plates which can be spliced in a turnover mode and a rail system used for rapidly turning over the cooling copper plates; the surface of one side of the cooling copper plate is concavely provided with a plurality of powder loading grooves for high-flux forming, and the surface of the other side of the cooling copper plate is provided with a plurality of positioning threaded holes; and a passage for the circulation of a cooling medium is arranged in the cooling copper plate.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a base plate detachably fixed to the surface of the cooling copper plate through the positioning screw hole.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the track system comprises a pair of fan-shaped tracks, the fan-shaped tracks are formed by splicing a horizontal track, a vertical track and an arc-shaped track, and the horizontal track extends a section of the translation track along the horizontal direction at the junction of the horizontal track and the arc-shaped track; one pair of side surfaces of each cooling copper plate is used as a splicing surface for turn-over splicing, two cylindrical fixing columns are arranged at two ends of one side surface of the other pair of side surfaces, the cylindrical fixing columns can be slidably placed on the fan-shaped track, and the distance between the two cylindrical fixing columns of each cooling copper plate is equal to the length of the horizontal track and the vertical track of the fan-shaped track; the fan-shaped rails are fixedly arranged in a way that when two cylindrical fixing columns of each cooling copper plate are arranged, one is arranged at the end part of the translation rail far away from the horizontal rail, and the other is arranged on the horizontal rail, the two cooling copper plates are just spliced into a whole.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that when two copper cooling plates are joined together as a whole, a removable positioning block is provided between the side of each copper cooling plate opposite to the joint face and the inner wall of the apparatus.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer peripheral wall of the channels through which the cooling medium flows is conformal to the outer surface of the copper cooling plate, four nozzles are arranged at four corners of each copper cooling plate, two inlets are used as the channels through which the cooling medium flows, and two outlets are used as the channels through which the cooling medium flows.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the powder delivery system comprises a rapid powder mixing device, the rapid powder mixing device comprises a plurality of powder loading bins and a powder mixing bin, and the bottoms of the powder loading bins extend into the powder mixing bin.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein each bin is provided with a bin screen at a lower portion thereof, and wherein a retractable baffle is positioned below the bin screen.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein a rotatable hopper is provided in the powder mixing bin below the powder loading bin, four powder mixing bin screens having different screen hole arrangement directions are provided in the powder mixing bin below the rotatable hopper in sequence from top to bottom, the peripheral wall of the rotatable hopper is provided with 4 raised metal sheets uniformly distributed, and the middle of the rotatable hopper is provided with a hopper screen.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the wall of the powder containing chamber is transparent and is provided with a scale.
10. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the mesh openings are all 200-400 μm.
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