CN113240124B - Digital quantum bit reading method, system, computer and readable storage medium - Google Patents

Digital quantum bit reading method, system, computer and readable storage medium Download PDF

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CN113240124B
CN113240124B CN202110791416.XA CN202110791416A CN113240124B CN 113240124 B CN113240124 B CN 113240124B CN 202110791416 A CN202110791416 A CN 202110791416A CN 113240124 B CN113240124 B CN 113240124B
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point
vector
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quantum
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CN113240124A (en
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戚建淮
韩丹丹
唐娟
刘建辉
宋晶
周杰
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Shenzhen Y&D Electronics Information Co Ltd
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    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena

Abstract

The invention discloses a digital quantum bit reading method, a system, a computer and a readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the quantum state of the digital quantum bit to be analyzedAnd observer information input by a user; transforming to obtain a characteristic value and a characteristic vector corresponding to the observer information, and calculating by using the characteristic vector to obtain a set of observation operators; converting the quantum state of the digital quantum bit to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation ground state, and calculating and observing the probability set of the characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator
Figure 909351DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(ii) a Random numbers in 0 to 1 are randomly generated by von Willebrand computer according to a set of probabilities
Figure 586320DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And determining a system threshold value by the random number; according to system threshold and probability set
Figure 86572DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to observer information as a reading result; the invention can accurately obtain the quantum state of the digital quantum bit.

Description

Digital quantum bit reading method, system, computer and readable storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of qubit computation, and in particular, to a method, a system, a computer, and a readable storage medium for digital qubit reading.
Background
The result of the operation of a quantum computing system, i.e., the result of the computation of a quantum information process, is contained in the quantum state of a qubit. In order to accurately obtain the running result of quantum computation, it is necessary to read the quantum state of the qubit of the quantum computing system after the quantum information processing process.
In the prior art, a pulse signal is applied to a qubit for quantum state reading of the qubit, the signal is called truncation information or a read signal, the quantum state of the qubit generates certain disturbance due to the applied signal, so that an error is generated in the quantum state of the qubit to be analyzed, and the error of the read result makes a quantum algorithm which needs an accurate result incapable of running, such as a shor algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a digital qubit reading method, a digital qubit reading system, a digital qubit reading computer, and a readable storage medium.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in one aspect, a digital qubit reading method is constructed, the method comprising:
an acquisition step: acquiring a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed and observer information input by a user, wherein the number of digital qubits required to be observed by the user is n, the number of digital qubits in the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed is m, n is less than or equal to m, and the observer information is one
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The observer matrix of (a);
a pretreatment step: transforming to obtain a characteristic value and a characteristic vector corresponding to the observer information, and calculating by using the characteristic vector to obtain a set of observation operators; converting the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation of the ground state, wherein the point A is a point A to be analyzed
Figure 905211DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A vector of dimensions;
a probability determination step: when n = m, directly taking a vector formed by the point A as a target column vector B, and when n is smaller than m, performing coordinate conversion on the point A to obtain a point A 'in a coordinate system formed by expanding a calculation base state of n digital quantum bits, and taking a vector formed by the point A' as the target column vector B; computing observed individual observations based on the target column vector BProbability set of characteristic value corresponding to operator
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
A system threshold value determining step: randomly generating random numbers from 0 to 1 by a von Willebrand computer, according to the set of probabilities
Figure 61386DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And determining a system threshold value by the random number;
a reading result determining step: according to a system threshold and the probability set
Figure 858441DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information as a reading result.
Preferably, the pretreatment step specifically comprises:
obtaining the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information by using matrix elementary transformation
Figure 778861DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And the feature vector is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
；
The feature vector is calculated by the following calculation formula to obtain a set of observation operators
Figure 686774DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
；
Converting the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation ground state according to the orthogonal decomposition theorem
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
。
Preferably, the coordinate conversion of the point a in the probability determination step to obtain a point a' in a coordinate system of the expanded calculation basis state of n digital quantum bits specifically includes:
determining a start index k1 and an end index k2 of the digital qubits which need to be observed by a user, wherein k1 is more than or equal to 1, k2 is less than or equal to m, and k2-k1= n-1;
based on the following calculation formula, the point A is subjected to coordinate conversion according to the normalization principle, and
Figure 697456DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
vector conversion of dimensions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Vector of dimensions, point A' in the coordinate system of the calculation basis state stretch of the n digital quantum bits being obtained
Figure 727728DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
：
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
；
Wherein j has a value from 1 to
Figure 823860DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，
Figure 348514DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The decimal value corresponding to the binary character string with subscript k 1-k 2 in the calculation basic state of the digital quantum bit quantum state to be analyzed is represented,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents an entry satisfying f (k1 … k2) = j-1 in the point a.
Preferably, the set of observation operators is
Figure 213702DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The step of determining the probability specifically obtains a probability set by calculating based on the following calculation formula
Figure 352559DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Is composed of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
：
Figure 998304DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Is that
Figure 513599DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The conjugate transpose matrix of (2).
Preferably, in the system threshold determining step, specifically: random numbers of 0 to 1 are randomly generated by von Willebrand computer
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(ii) a If it is
Figure 559526DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Then the system threshold is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
(ii) a If it is
Figure 931602DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Then the system threshold is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 2326DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
。
preferably, in the reading result determining step, the system threshold is compared with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
If the system threshold is equal to
Figure 55732DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Then the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
。
In a second aspect, a digital qubit reading system is constructed, the system comprising:
the acquisition module acquires a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed and observer information input by a user, wherein the number of digital qubits required to be observed by the user is n, the number of digital qubits in the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed is m, n is less than or equal to m, and the observer information is one observer information
Figure 708562DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The observer matrix of (a);
the preprocessing module is used for obtaining a characteristic value and a characteristic vector corresponding to the observer information through transformation, and obtaining a set of observation operators through calculation of the characteristic vector; converting the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation of the ground state, wherein the point A is a point A to be analyzed
Figure 189222DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A vector of dimensions;
a probability determining module, configured to directly use a vector formed by the point a as a target column vector B when n = m, and perform coordinate transformation on the point a to obtain a point a 'in a coordinate system expanded by a calculation basis state of n digital quantum bits when n is smaller than m, and use a vector formed by the point a' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 747242DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
A system threshold determination module for randomly generating random numbers from 0 to 1 from the von Willebrand computer, according to the set of probabilities
Figure 338760DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And determining a system threshold value by the random number;
read result determination moduleFor determining the probability set according to the system threshold
Figure 95364DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information as a reading result.
Preferably, the coordinate conversion of the point a to obtain a point a' in a coordinate system stretched by the calculation basis states of n digital qubits specifically includes:
determining a start index k1 and an end index k2 of the digital qubits which need to be observed by a user, wherein k1 is more than or equal to 1, k2 is less than or equal to m, and k2-k1= n-1;
based on the following calculation formula, the point A is subjected to coordinate conversion according to the normalization principle, and
Figure 12504DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
vector conversion of dimensions
Figure 792241DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Vector of dimensions, point A' in the coordinate system of the calculation basis state stretch of the n digital quantum bits being obtained
Figure 187451DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
：
Figure 313407DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Wherein j has a value from 1 to
Figure 135870DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，
Figure 402903DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The decimal value corresponding to the binary character string with subscript k 1-k 2 in the calculation basic state of the digital quantum bit quantum state to be analyzed is represented,
Figure 601803DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents an entry satisfying f (k1 … k2) = j-1 in the point a.
In three aspects, a digital qubit reading computer is constructed, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method as described above.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as set forth above.
The digital quantum bit reading method, the digital quantum bit reading system, the computer and the readable storage medium have the following beneficial effects: the invention can accurately obtain the quantum state of the digital quantum bit based on the reading of the quantum state of the Boolean digital logic digital quantum bit of the Von computer, thereby providing guarantee for the quantum algorithm needing accurate results.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a digital qubit reading method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The general idea of the invention is as follows: obtaining a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
And observer information input by a user, the observer information being one
Figure 332999DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The observer matrix O; transforming to obtain characteristic value corresponding to the observer information
Figure 326363DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Feature vector
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
From said feature vector
Figure 80692DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Calculating to obtain a set of observation operators
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
And the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 630753DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Conversion into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by calculating the ground state
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
(ii) a When n = m, directly taking a vector formed by the point A as a target column vector B, and when n is smaller than m, performing coordinate conversion on the point A to obtain a point A 'in a coordinate system formed by expanding a calculation base state of n digital quantum bits, and taking a vector formed by the point A' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 154139DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Figure 583983DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
(ii) a Random numbers of 0 to 1 are randomly generated by von Willebrand computer
Figure 887925DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
According to the probability set
Figure 163049DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And random number
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Determining system thresholds
Figure 806520DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
(ii) a According to system threshold
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
And the probability set
Figure 456200DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information. The invention can accurately obtain the quantum state of the digital quantum bit based on the reading of the quantum state of the Boolean digital logic digital quantum bit of the Von computer, thereby providing guarantee for the quantum algorithm needing accurate results.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and specific features of the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the digital quantum bit reading method of the present embodiment, which may be executed by a von willebrand computer, includes:
acquisition step S101: obtaining a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed
Figure 185122DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
And observer information entered by the user.
The number of digital qubits that a user needs to observe is n, and the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The number of the digital quantum bits is m, and n is less than or equal to m.
Wherein the observer information is one
Figure 263936DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The observer matrix O.
It will be appreciated that the manner in which the user inputs the observer information may be via input equipment such as a keyboard, mouse, etc. Digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 761914DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Is obtained from a control node for preparing digital qubits, the control node being a von Willebrand computer which can prepare digital qubit quantum states
Figure 595878DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
For example, one possible preparation process is: receiving a plurality of binary character strings which are generated by a plurality of computer computing nodes and represent a plurality of degrees of freedom, generating a plurality of binary random numbers by the computer computing nodes, carrying out normalization processing on the binary random numbers to obtain a plurality of normalization data, then combining the binary character strings and the normalization data to obtain a linear combination of a data set representing the degrees of freedom, wherein the linear combination is a digital qubit obtained by preparation
Figure 546516DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
。
Preprocessing step S102: transforming to obtain characteristic value corresponding to the observer information
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Feature vector
Figure 429021DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
From said feature vector
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Calculating to obtain a set of observation operators
Figure 594555DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
And the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 537103DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Conversion into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by calculating the ground state
Figure 975037DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
。
Wherein the point A is one
Figure 395654DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The vector of the dimensions is then calculated,
Figure 930541DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
。
in this step, a feature vector corresponding to the observer information is obtained by using a matrix elementary transformation
Figure 43990DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(ii) a The feature vector is calculated by the following calculation formula to obtain a set of observation operators
Figure 969221DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
，
Figure 193529DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
，
Figure 566611DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
To represent
Figure 850961DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The conjugate transpose of (1); and analyzing the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed according to the orthogonal decomposition theorem
Figure 263488DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Conversion into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by calculating the ground state
Figure 291487DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
。
Probability determination step S103: when n = m, directly taking a vector formed by the point A as a target column vector B, and when n is smaller than m, performing coordinate conversion on the point A to obtain a point A 'in a coordinate system formed by expanding a calculation base state of n digital quantum bits, and taking a vector formed by the point A' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 473070DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
If n = m, which belongs to the global reading at this time, the vector B is directly constituted by the coordinates of the point a. If n is less than m and belongs to partial reading at the moment, the point A needs to be subjected to coordinate conversion to obtain a point A'
Figure 725059DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
The specific process is as follows:
1) determining a start index k1 and an end index k2 of the digital qubits which need to be observed by a user, wherein k1 is more than or equal to 1, k2 is less than or equal to m, and k2-k1= n-1;
2) based on the following calculation formula, the point A is subjected to coordinate conversion according to the normalization principle, and
Figure 624882DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
vector conversion of dimensions
Figure 190993DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Vector of dimensions, obtaining n digital qubitsCalculating the ground state
Figure 492661DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Point A 'in stretched coordinate System'
Figure 666285DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
：
Figure 53404DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
；
Wherein j has a value from 1 to
Figure 423205DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
，
Figure 376118DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
Representing the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 173172DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Is given by k1 to k2, k2 is the most significant bit of the binary string, k1 is the least significant bit of the binary string,
Figure 782008DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
represents an entry satisfying f (k1 … k2) = j-1 in the point a. According to the above calculation formula, then:
Figure 955501DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
for example, assume that the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 280696DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Obtained Point A
Figure 248652DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
The corresponding calculated ground states are 16:
Figure 344784DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
，
Figure 56388DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
，…，
Figure 983893DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
. Assume k1=2 and k2= 3. We want to find the 2 nd and 3 rd binary strings in each calculation ground state, denoted as k1 … k2, in the calculation ground states exemplified above. Then
Figure 122750DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
Indicating that the decimal result corresponding to the binary character string k1 … k2 is 0, square accumulating and root re-opening are carried out, that is, the 2 nd and 3 rd bit binary 00 items are found in the calculation ground state, and square accumulating and root re-opening are carried out, so that it is qualified that the calculation ground state is
Figure 706178DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
、
Figure 955894DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
、
Figure 941168DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
、
Figure 63975DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Corresponding item, i.e.
Figure 134700DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
And therefore, the first and second electrodes are,
Figure 188106DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
. In the same way, the method for preparing the composite material,
Figure 27886DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
representing the square accumulation of the terms with decimal result 1 corresponding to binary string k1 … k2 followed by the root, i.e. the binary values of the 2 nd and 3 rd bits found in the above-exemplified ground state of computationFor the 01 term, the square accumulation is performed and the root is opened, so that it is satisfied that
Figure 508546DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
、
Figure 863304DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
、
Figure 720402DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
、
Figure 414688DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
Corresponding item, i.e.
Figure 66249DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
，
Figure 423150DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
. In the same way, the method for preparing the composite material,
Figure 818360DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
it is satisfied that the decimal result of the binary string k1 … k2 corresponding to the decimal item of 2 is square-accumulated and then root-opened, that is, the binary item of 10 in the 2 nd and 3 rd bits is found in the above-mentioned calculation base state, and then the square-accumulated decimal item is square-accumulated and then root-opened
Figure 367153DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
、
Figure 455194DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
、
Figure 722228DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
、
Figure 983445DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Corresponding item, i.e.
Figure 386744DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
Thus, therefore, it is
Figure 645687DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
. In the same way, the method for preparing the composite material,
Figure 400017DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
indicating that the decimal result item with 3 corresponding to the binary character string k1 … k2 is square-accumulated and then root-opened, that is, the 2 nd and 3 rd bit binary items with 11 are found in the calculation base state as mentioned above, and then the square-accumulated and then root-opened are carried out, it is satisfied that
Figure 950078DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
、
Figure 473463DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
、
Figure 903307DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
、
Figure 879354DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
Corresponding item, i.e.
Figure 420056DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
，
Figure 125844DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
。
After the vector B is determined, the probability set can then be calculated based on the following calculation
Figure 461011DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The following items in (1):
Figure 189932DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
；
wherein the target column vector B is a row vector,
Figure 268747DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
is the conjugate transpose of the target column vector B, which is a column vector.
System threshold determination step S104: random generation of random numbers in 0 to 1 by von Willebrand computer
Figure 81238DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
According to the probability set
Figure 587306DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And random number
Figure 803524DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Determining system thresholds
Figure 686029DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
；
In particular, from 0 to 1 are randomly generated by von Willebrand computer
Figure 38513DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(ii) a If it is
Figure 43378DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Systematic threshold value
Figure 481313DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
(ii) a If it is
Figure 901930DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Then the system threshold is
Figure 374499DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
，
Figure 222370DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
。
Read result determination step S105: according to system threshold
Figure 960650DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
And the probability set
Figure 184958DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Analysis of correspondence of observer informationThe characteristic value is used as a reading result.
Specifically, the system threshold is compared
Figure 512034DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
And
Figure 796384DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
i is taken as
Figure 271228DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
If, if
Figure 33648DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
Then, the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information is obtained
Figure 215230DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
。
This is explained below as a specific example.
According to step S101, assuming n =1, belonging to a single digital qubit measurement, the observer information obtained from the input equipment is
Figure 670483DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
The quantum state of the digital qubit obtained from the control node is:
Figure 570305DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
i.e. m = 2.
According to step S102, two eigenvalues corresponding to the observer are obtained according to the matrix transformation
Figure 448000DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
1, -1, two feature vectors
Figure 484090DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
Comprises the following steps:
Figure 110243DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
two observation operators
Figure 497362DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
Is composed of
Figure 601584DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
，
Figure 820076DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
(ii) a The quantum state calculation ground state can be obtained from the digital quantum bit quantum state to be analyzed
Figure 617131DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
，
Figure 225967DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
，
Figure 399459DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
，
Figure 223190DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
Coordinate points in a spanned orthogonal plane
Figure 191146DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
；
According to step S103, since n is smaller than m, this time is partial reading, and assuming that k1=1, k2= k1+ n-1=1 and the number of quantum bits of partial reading is 1, the dot a is in the ground state calculated by calculating
Figure 287278DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
The coordinate in sheet space is Point A'
Figure 733302DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
Is calculated as follows:
since k1= k2=1, the first qubit is observed, the first bit being 0
Figure 864069DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
And
Figure 65244DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
the corresponding two terms in point A are
Figure 648672DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
Thus, therefore, it is
Figure 898387DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
. First bit is 1 is
Figure 883661DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
And
Figure 496215DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
the corresponding two terms in point A are
Figure 566939DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
Thus, therefore, it is
Figure 620346DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
I.e. by
Figure 460126DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
。
Thus, the target column vector is B: 0.59, 0.81;
Figure 940786DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
the method comprises the following steps: 0.81,0.59.
Figure 295544DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
。
Figure 152641DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
。
According to the steps S104, S105, the von Willebrand computer generates random numbers of 0 to 1
Figure 846928DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Suppose that
Figure 498489DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Is 0.4, due to
Figure 543805DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
And thus the threshold value of the output
Figure 752064DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
Due to the fact that
Figure 300857DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
Thus the result of the measurement is
Figure 388899DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
I.e. 1.
Example two
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment discloses a digital quantum bit reading system, which includes:
an acquisition module for acquiring the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed
Figure 655932DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
And observer information entered by the user. The number of digital qubits that a user needs to observe is n, and the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed
Figure 589253DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
The number of the digital quantum bits is m, and n is less than or equal to m. The observer information is one
Figure 320449DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The observer matrix O.
A preprocessing module for transforming to obtain the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information
Figure 579392DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Feature vector
Figure 68142DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
From said feature vector
Figure 70733DEST_PATH_IMAGE139
Calculating to obtain observation and calculationSet of children
Figure 905703DEST_PATH_IMAGE140
And the digital qubit quantum states to be analyzed
Figure 69968DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Conversion into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by calculating the ground state
Figure 311593DEST_PATH_IMAGE141
. Said point A is one
Figure 852296DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The vector of the dimensions is then calculated,
Figure 230188DEST_PATH_IMAGE142
。
a probability determining module, configured to directly use a vector formed by the point a as a target column vector B when n = m, and perform coordinate transformation on the point a to obtain a point a 'in a coordinate system expanded by a calculation basis state of n digital quantum bits when n is smaller than m, and use a vector formed by the point a' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 893250DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
A system threshold determination module for randomly generating random numbers in 0 to 1 by von Willebrand computer
Figure 356592DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
According to the probability set
Figure 700986DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And random number
Figure 198964DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Determining system thresholds
Figure 705031DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
；
A reading result determining module for determining the reading result according to the system threshold
Figure 734298DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
And the probability set
Figure 616804DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information as a reading result.
The functions of the functional modules of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically implemented according to the method in the foregoing method embodiment, and the specific implementation process may refer to the description related to the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
It should be noted that the above description of the various modules is divided into these modules for clarity of illustration. However, in actual implementation, the boundaries of the various modules may be fuzzy. For example, any or all of the functional modules herein may share various hardware and/or software elements. Also for example, any and/or all of the functional modules herein may be implemented in whole or in part by a common processor executing software instructions. Additionally, various software sub-modules executed by one or more processors may be shared among the various software modules. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the mandatory boundaries between the various hardware and/or software elements, unless explicitly claimed otherwise.
EXAMPLE III
Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment discloses a digital quantum bit reading computer, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method according to the first embodiment, and the specific implementation process may refer to the related description of the above method embodiments, and is not described herein again.
Example four
Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment discloses a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to the first embodiment are implemented, and the specific implementation process may refer to the related description of the above method embodiments, and will not be described herein again.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A digital qubit reading method, the method comprising:
an acquisition step: acquiring a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed and observer information input by a user, wherein the number of digital qubits required to be observed by the user is n, the number of digital qubits in the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed is m, n is less than or equal to m, and the observer information is one
Figure 763624DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein the digital qubits are prepared based on the following method: receiving a plurality of binary character strings representing a plurality of degrees of freedom generated by a plurality of computer computing nodes, generating a plurality of binary random numbers by the computer computing nodes, carrying out normalization processing on the binary random numbers to obtain a plurality of normalization data, and then combining the binary character strings and the normalization data to obtain a linear combination of a data set representing the degrees of freedom, wherein the linear combination is a digital quantum bit obtained by preparation;
a pretreatment step: transforming to obtain a characteristic value and a characteristic vector corresponding to the observer information, and calculating by using the characteristic vector to obtain a set of observation operators; converting the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation of the ground state, wherein the point A is a point A to be analyzed
Figure 7524DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A vector of dimensions;
a probability determination step: when n = m, directly taking a vector formed by the point A as a target column vector B, and when n is smaller than m, performing coordinate conversion on the point A to obtain a point A 'in a coordinate system formed by expanding a calculation base state of n digital quantum bits, and taking a vector formed by the point A' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 197197DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
A system threshold value determining step: randomly generating random numbers from 0 to 1 by a von Willebrand computer, according to the set of probabilities
Figure 97020DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And determining a system threshold value by the random number;
a reading result determining step: according to a system threshold and the probability set
Figure 663130DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information as a reading result.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-treatment step is in particular:
obtaining the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information by using matrix elementary transformation
Figure 276383DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And the feature vector is
Figure 636957DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
；
The feature vector is calculated by the following calculation formula to obtain a set of observation operators
Figure 24076DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，
Figure 393878DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
；
Converting the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation ground state according to the orthogonal decomposition theorem
Figure 284473DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the probability includes performing coordinate transformation on the point a to obtain a point a' in the expanded coordinate system of the basis state of computation of n digital qubits, specifically including:
determining a start index k1 and an end index k2 of the digital qubits which need to be observed by a user, wherein k1 is more than or equal to 1, k2 is less than or equal to m, and k2-k1= n-1;
based on the following calculation formula, the point A is subjected to coordinate conversion according to the normalization principle, and
Figure 143845DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
vector conversion of dimensions
Figure 752681DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Vector of dimensions, point A' in the coordinate system of the calculation basis state stretch of the n digital quantum bits being obtained
Figure 926173DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
：
Figure 936855DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
；
Wherein j has a value from 1 to
Figure 904811DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，
Figure 813992DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The decimal value corresponding to the binary character string with subscript k 1-k 2 in the calculation basic state of the digital quantum bit quantum state to be analyzed is represented,
Figure 525596DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
represents an entry satisfying f (k1 … k2) = j-1 in the point a.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of observation operators is
Figure 390784DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The step of determining the probability specifically obtains a probability set by calculating based on the following calculation formula
Figure 529641DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Is composed of
Figure 175386DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
：
Figure 425102DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Wherein
Figure 410375DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Is the conjugate transpose of B.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the system threshold determining step specifically comprises: random numbers of 0 to 1 are randomly generated by von Willebrand computer
Figure 720134DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(ii) a If it is
Figure 790858DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Then the system threshold is
Figure 155849DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
(ii) a If it is
Figure 995629DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Then the system threshold is
Figure 476289DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 768730DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
。
6. the method of claim 4, wherein the reading determination step specifically compares a system threshold with the reading determination threshold
Figure 688145DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
If the system threshold is equal to
Figure 382431DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Then the characteristic value corresponding to the observer information is
Figure 33992DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
。
7. A digital qubit reading system, the system comprising:
the acquisition module acquires a digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed and observer information input by a user, wherein the number of digital qubits required to be observed by the user is n, the number of digital qubits in the digital qubit quantum state to be analyzed is m, n is less than or equal to m, and the observer information is one observer information
Figure 79309DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein the digital qubits are prepared based on the following method: receiving a plurality of binary character strings representing a plurality of degrees of freedom generated by a plurality of computer computing nodes, generating a plurality of binary random numbers by the computer computing nodes, carrying out normalization processing on the binary random numbers to obtain a plurality of normalization data, and then combining the binary character strings and the normalization data to obtain a linear combination of a data set representing the degrees of freedom, wherein the linear combination is a digital quantum bit obtained by preparation;
the preprocessing module is used for obtaining a characteristic value and a characteristic vector corresponding to the observer information through transformation, and obtaining a set of observation operators through calculation of the characteristic vector; converting the quantum state of the digital qubit to be analyzed into a point A to be analyzed on an orthogonal plane formed by the calculation of the ground state, wherein the point A is a point A to be analyzed
Figure 474518DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A vector of dimensions;
a probability determining module, configured to directly use a vector formed by the point a as a target column vector B when n = m, and perform coordinate transformation on the point a to obtain a point a 'in a coordinate system expanded by a calculation basis state of n digital quantum bits when n is smaller than m, and use a vector formed by the point a' as the target column vector B; calculating a probability set for observing characteristic values corresponding to each observation operator based on the target column vector B
Figure 836360DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
A system threshold determination module for randomly generating random numbers from 0 to 1 from the von Willebrand computer, according to the set of probabilities
Figure 924402DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And determining a system threshold value by the random number;
a reading result determining module for determining the probability set according to the system threshold value
Figure 191435DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
And analyzing to obtain a characteristic value corresponding to the observer information as a reading result.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the coordinate transformation of the point a to obtain the point a' in the expanded coordinate system of the calculation basis state of n digital qubits specifically comprises:
determining a start index k1 and an end index k2 of the digital qubits which need to be observed by a user, wherein k1 is more than or equal to 1, k2 is less than or equal to m, and k2-k1= n-1;
based on the following calculation formula, the point A is subjected to coordinate conversion according to the normalization principle, and
Figure 390336DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
vector conversion of dimensions
Figure 855952DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Vector of dimensions, point A' in the coordinate system of the calculation basis state stretch of the n digital quantum bits being obtained
Figure 114895DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
：
Figure 869224DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
；
Wherein j has a value from 1 to
Figure 606236DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，
Figure 129621DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
The decimal value corresponding to the binary character string with subscript k 1-k 2 in the calculation basic state of the digital quantum bit quantum state to be analyzed is represented,
Figure 871050DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
represents an entry satisfying f (k1 … k2) = j-1 in the point a.
9. A digital qubit reading computer comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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