CN113238275A - Miniature radiation detection assembly, device and method based on perovskite scintillator - Google Patents

Miniature radiation detection assembly, device and method based on perovskite scintillator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113238275A
CN113238275A CN202110501606.3A CN202110501606A CN113238275A CN 113238275 A CN113238275 A CN 113238275A CN 202110501606 A CN202110501606 A CN 202110501606A CN 113238275 A CN113238275 A CN 113238275A
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scintillator
photoelectric conversion
perovskite
conversion device
radiation detection
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刘林月
欧阳晓平
金鹏
李辉
刘金良
陈亮
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/2006Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using a combination of a scintillator and photodetector which measures the means radiation intensity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T3/00Measuring neutron radiation
    • G01T3/06Measuring neutron radiation with scintillation detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T3/00Measuring neutron radiation
    • G01T3/08Measuring neutron radiation with semiconductor detectors

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a miniature radiation detection assembly, a miniature radiation detection device and a miniature radiation detection method based on a perovskite scintillator. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of limited application, small linear working range and high working bias voltage caused by large volume of the conventional pulse radiation detection device. The detection assembly comprises a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and a perovskite scintillator serving as a radiation-light converter; the photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device faces the perovskite scintillator; the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is a hydrogen-rich organic-heavy metal halide hybrid material. The detection device comprises the miniature radiation detection assembly based on the perovskite scintillator, a power supply for supplying power to a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, an oscilloscope and a computer; the output end of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope, and the output end of the oscilloscope is connected with the input end of the computer. The method is carried out by using the device.

Description

Miniature radiation detection assembly, device and method based on perovskite scintillator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulse radiation detection device and a pulse radiation detection method in radiation detection, in particular to a miniature large linear pulse radiation detection device and a miniature large linear pulse radiation detection method based on a perovskite scintillator.
Background
The scintillation method is one of important methods for diagnosing the nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reaction processes, and is an important means for detecting neutrons, gamma rays and the like released in the nuclear reaction process. The device adopted by the scintillation method has a two-stage amplification structure, so that the device has high sensitivity, nanosecond time resolution capability and strong detection statistics, and in addition, because the scintillator can be processed to be very large and the radiation-light conversion process can be powered on, the device has strong advantages in rare event detection such as mesoparticle detection and cosmic ray detection.
The existing pulse radiation detection device usually adopts the traditional scintillators such as organic scintillators, plastic scintillators and the like, and forms a detection assembly with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a Photoelectric Tube (PT), and the detection assembly has the following defects:
1. the volume is large, generally dozens or even hundreds of cubic centimeters, so the application is limited in the detection of a plurality of radiation fields with limited space;
2. the maximum linear current of a photomultiplier and a photoelectric tube serving as a photoelectric conversion device is generally about 200mA and even lower, and when the photoelectric conversion device is used, the sensitivity of a detection assembly needs to be carefully designed according to factors such as the intensity of a radiation field at the position of the detection assembly and the like, so that the working output current of the detection assembly does not exceed the maximum linear current of the photoelectric conversion device, the information such as the intensity of the radiation field can be accurately obtained, and the problem of exceeding the maximum linear output often occurs when the intensity of a radiation source is unstable;
3. because the photomultiplier and the photoelectric tube have high working bias voltage, generally 800-.
In addition, in recent years, the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator has higher atomic number, is used for X-ray detection in medical human body imaging, has higher sensitivity, can obtain clear X-ray imaging, and is expected to obviously reduce the irradiation dose of a human body, so certain advantages are shown in X-ray detection. However, no report on the use of such scintillators in pulsed radiation detection, such as pulsed neutron detection, is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of limited application, small linear working range and high working bias voltage of the conventional pulse radiation detection device due to large volume, and provides a miniature radiation detection assembly, a miniature radiation detection device and a miniature radiation detection method based on a perovskite scintillator.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a miniature radiation detection assembly based on a perovskite scintillator, which is characterized in that:
the radiation-light conversion device comprises a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and a perovskite-rich scintillator serving as a radiation-light converter;
the photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device faces the perovskite scintillator;
the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is a hydrogen-rich organic-heavy metal halide hybrid material.
Further, the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is a silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide type semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
Further, in order to reduce the volume as much as possible, the photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is bonded to a perovskite scintillator.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a reflector, a neutron-proton conversion target and a photoelectric coupling device;
the reflecting mirror is arranged close to the perovskite scintillator, and the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror is opposite to the rest surfaces except the surface facing the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device in each surface of the perovskite scintillator;
the neutron-proton conversion target is arranged on one side of the perovskite scintillator, which is close to the nuclear reaction center and far away from the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device;
the photoelectric coupling device is arranged between the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator and the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
Further, the perovskite scintillator is a one-dimensional material, a two-dimensional material or a three-dimensional material.
Further, the perovskite scintillator is a single crystal or an organic polymer film.
Further, the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is (PEA)2PbBr4Or (BA)2PbBr4
The invention also provides a miniature radiation detection device based on the perovskite scintillator, which is characterized in that:
the radiation detector comprises the miniature radiation detection assembly based on the perovskite scintillator, a power supply for supplying power to a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, an oscilloscope and a computer;
the output end of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope, and the output end of the oscilloscope is connected with the input end of the computer.
Furthermore, the perovskite scintillator, the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and the oscilloscope all have the time response characteristic of more than nanosecond level.
The invention also provides a micro radiation detection method based on the perovskite scintillator, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing a miniature radiation detection component based on the perovskite scintillator of the perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection device at a measuring point L meters away from a nuclear reaction center, so that radiation released in the nuclear reaction process reaches the perovskite scintillator;
the L needs to satisfy: the time difference of flight of response signals of neutrons and gamma rays measured at the measuring point positions is larger than the time resolution of the miniature radiation detection device based on the perovskite scintillator, and the response signals of the neutrons and the gamma rays can be sufficiently distinguished;
2) acquiring a response signal
A) Obtaining response signals of neutrons
A.1) neutrons released by nuclear reaction react with hydrogen in the perovskite scintillator to generate recoil protons;
a.2) the recoil proton loses energy in the perovskite scintillator and excites photons;
a.3) photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and the electric signals are displayed on an oscilloscope and stored in a computer;
B) acquiring response signals of gamma rays
B.1) the gamma ray in the plasma reacts with the perovskite scintillator to generate secondary electrons;
b.2) the secondary electrons lose energy in the perovskite scintillator to excite photons;
and B.3) the photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and are displayed on the oscilloscope and stored in the computer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the miniature radiation detection assembly, the miniature radiation detection device and the miniature radiation detection method based on the perovskite scintillator, the adopted perovskite scintillator has the advantages of fast attenuation time and good time response performance, and can realize high-sensitivity detection of neutrons and gamma rays.
2. Compared with the traditional detection device, the photoelectric conversion device usually selects a photomultiplier tube and a photoelectric tube, so that the volume of the detection assembly is overlarge, and is generally more than dozens of cubic centimeters. According to the miniature radiation detection assembly based on the perovskite scintillator, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device (SD for short) is selected to realize photoelectric conversion (silicon, silicon carbide, gallium arsenide and other semiconductor photoelectric conversion devices can be adopted), so that the photoelectric conversion device can be directly contacted with the perovskite scintillator, the volume of the assembly formed by the photoelectric conversion device and the perovskite scintillator can be lower than 1 cubic centimeter, the volume is small, the miniature radiation detection assembly is a miniature assembly, and vacuumizing is not needed between the miniature radiation detection assembly and the perovskite scintillator.
3. Compared with the traditional photomultiplier and photoelectric tube which generally need to work under the working bias of hundreds to thousands of volts, the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device adopted by the micro radiation detection assembly based on the perovskite scintillator provided by the invention can work under the working bias of hundreds to hundreds of volts, even under the zero bias, and the working bias is low.
4. Compared with the traditional photomultiplier and photoelectric tube, the maximum linear current interval is very small and is generally within 200mA, the maximum linear current interval of the miniature radiation detection assembly based on the perovskite scintillator provided by the invention can reach several amperes by using a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, compared with the linear working interval in the prior art, the miniature radiation detection assembly is improved by dozens of times, is not easy to saturate, is suitable for strong radiation field detection, and can work at a position closer to a ray source and higher in radiation fluence rate.
5. The sensitivity of the miniature radiation detection assembly, the device and the method based on the perovskite scintillator is lower than that of a detection assembly formed by the perovskite scintillator and a photomultiplier and higher than that of the detection assembly formed by the perovskite scintillator and the photomultiplier, a blank area between the sensitivity of the detection assembly formed by the perovskite scintillator and the photomultiplier and the sensitivity of the detection assembly formed by the perovskite scintillator and the photomultiplier can be filled, and the detection device is suitable for a strong radiation field due to the low sensitivity of a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
6. According to the micro radiation detection assembly, the device and the method based on the perovskite scintillator, the perovskite scintillator can obtain nanosecond time response and high light yield of tens of thousands of photons/megaelectron volts, and the nanosecond response semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is combined to obtain the system time response characteristic of several to tens of nanoseconds.
7. According to the miniature radiation detection assembly, the miniature radiation detection device and the miniature radiation detection method based on the perovskite scintillator, the photoelectric coupling device is arranged between the perovskite scintillator and the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, when the perovskite scintillator is separated from the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, good radiation shielding of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device can be achieved, high radiation resistance is obtained, and the miniature radiation detection assembly, the miniature radiation detection device and the miniature radiation detection method are suitable for a strong radiation field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro radiation detection device based on a perovskite scintillator, wherein n represents a neutron and γ represents a gamma ray.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
A miniature radiation detection assembly based on a perovskite scintillator is based on the principle that radiation generated by nuclear reaction and the perovskite scintillator (with strong luminescence property and capable of realizing radiation-light conversion) function convert partial energy of rays or particles in the radiation into light, and a semiconductor detector (namely a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and capable of realizing light-electricity conversion) realizes radiation detection through detection of the light. The specific structure is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and a perovskite scintillator serving as a radiation-light converter; the photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device faces the perovskite scintillator (of course, the photocathode and the perovskite scintillator can be in direct contact); the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is a hydrogen-rich organic-heavy metal halide hybrid material; the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is a silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide type semiconductor photoelectric conversion device. The perovskite scintillator, the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and the oscilloscope all have the time response characteristic of more than nanosecond level. The perovskite scintillator can be a one-dimensional material, a two-dimensional material or a three-dimensional material; may be a single crystal or organic polymer film; can be (PEA)2PbBr4Or (BA)2PbBr4(ii) a Preferably a two-dimensional single crystal material, Preferably (PEA)2PbBr4,(PEA)2PbBr4The preparation method can be referred to Journal of Materials Chemistry C in 2019, 7 th 1584 and 1591, published article "Two-dimensional (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals for a high performance UV-detector”。
Optionally, the neutron-proton conversion target is further included, and is arranged on one side of the perovskite scintillator, which is close to the nuclear reaction center and far away from the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device. Optionally, the photoelectric coupling device is arranged between the perovskite scintillator and the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device. Optionally, the photoelectric conversion device further comprises a reflector, which is arranged close to the perovskite scintillator and is arranged close to the perovskite scintillator, and a reflecting surface of the reflector is opposite to the rest surfaces of the perovskite scintillator except the surface facing the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
The invention also provides a miniature radiation detection device based on the perovskite scintillator, which comprises the miniature radiation detection component based on the perovskite scintillator, a power supply for supplying power to a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, an oscilloscope and a computer; the output end of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope, and the output end of the oscilloscope is connected with the input end of the computer. The detection device can realize nanosecond time response, has a large linear current of several amperes due to the adoption of a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, can realize small volume and low working bias voltage, shows certain advantages in radiation detection, is a low-sensitivity, miniature and large-linearity detection device, and can solve the problems of large volume, small linear working range, high working bias voltage and the like of the conventional detection system.
The invention also provides a micro radiation detection method based on the perovskite scintillator, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing a miniature radiation detection component based on the perovskite scintillator of the perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection device at a measuring point L meters away from a nuclear reaction center, so that radiation released in the nuclear reaction process can reach the perovskite scintillator;
the L needs to satisfy: the time difference of flight of the response signals of the neutrons and the gamma rays measured at the measuring point positions is larger than the time resolution (system response time) of the miniature radiation detection device based on the perovskite scintillator, and the response signals (response waveforms) of the neutrons and the gamma rays are sufficiently distinguished;
2) acquiring a response signal
A) Obtaining response signals of neutrons
A.1) neutrons released by nuclear reaction react with hydrogen in the perovskite scintillator to generate recoil protons;
a.2) the recoil proton loses energy in the perovskite scintillator and excites photons;
a.3) photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and the electric signals are displayed on an oscilloscope and stored in a computer;
B) acquiring response signals of gamma rays
B.1) the gamma ray in the plasma reacts with the perovskite scintillator to generate secondary electrons;
b.2) the secondary electrons lose energy in the perovskite scintillator to excite photons;
b.3) the photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and the electric signals are displayed on an oscilloscope and stored in a computer;
the time-of-flight-based method can be used for neutron-gamma ray combined diagnosis in the diagnosis of the transient nuclear reaction pulse radiation field.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A miniature radiation detection subassembly based on rich calcium-titanium-hydride ore scintillator which characterized in that:
the radiation-light conversion device comprises a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and a perovskite-rich scintillator serving as a radiation-light converter;
the photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device faces the perovskite scintillator;
the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is a hydrogen-rich organic-heavy metal halide hybrid material.
2. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is a silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide type semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
3. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 2, wherein:
and a photocathode of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is attached to the perovskite scintillator.
4. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 2, wherein:
the device also comprises a reflector, a neutron-proton conversion target and a photoelectric coupling device;
the reflecting mirror is arranged close to the perovskite scintillator, and the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror is opposite to the rest surfaces except the surface facing the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device in each surface of the perovskite scintillator;
the neutron-proton conversion target is arranged on one side of the perovskite scintillator, which is close to the nuclear reaction center and far away from the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device;
the photoelectric coupling device is arranged between the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator and the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device.
5. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is a one-dimensional material, a two-dimensional material or a three-dimensional material.
6. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the perovskite scintillator is a single crystal or an organic polymer film.
7. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the calcium-titanium-rich ore scintillator is (PEA)2PbBr4Or (BA)2PbBr4
8. A miniature radiation detection device based on rich calcium-titanium-hydride scintillator is characterized in that:
comprising the perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection assembly of any one of claims 1 to 7, a power supply for powering a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and an oscilloscope and a computer;
the output end of the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope, and the output end of the oscilloscope is connected with the input end of the computer.
9. The perovskite scintillator-based miniature radiation detection device of claim 8, wherein:
the perovskite scintillator, the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and the oscilloscope all have the time response characteristic of more than nanosecond level.
10. A micro radiation detection method based on a perovskite scintillator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing the perovskite scintillator-based micro radiation detection assembly of the perovskite scintillator-based micro radiation detection device of claim 8 or 9 at a measurement point L meters away from the nuclear reaction center such that radiation released by the nuclear reaction process reaches the perovskite scintillator;
the L needs to satisfy: the time difference of flight of response signals of neutrons and gamma rays measured at the measuring point positions is larger than the time resolution of the miniature radiation detection device based on the perovskite scintillator, and the response signals of the neutrons and the gamma rays can be sufficiently distinguished;
2) acquiring a response signal
A) Obtaining response signals of neutrons
A.1) neutrons released by nuclear reaction react with hydrogen in the perovskite scintillator to generate recoil protons;
a.2) the recoil proton loses energy in the perovskite scintillator and excites photons;
a.3) photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and the electric signals are displayed on an oscilloscope and stored in a computer;
B) acquiring response signals of gamma rays
B.1) the gamma ray in the plasma reacts with the perovskite scintillator to generate secondary electrons;
b.2) the secondary electrons lose energy in the perovskite scintillator to excite photons;
and B.3) the photons enter the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, are converted into electric signals by the semiconductor photoelectric conversion device, and are displayed on the oscilloscope and stored in the computer.
CN202110501606.3A 2021-05-08 2021-05-08 Miniature radiation detection assembly, device and method based on perovskite scintillator Pending CN113238275A (en)

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