CN113234960A - Preparation method of alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113234960A CN113234960A CN202110500991.XA CN202110500991A CN113234960A CN 113234960 A CN113234960 A CN 113234960A CN 202110500991 A CN202110500991 A CN 202110500991A CN 113234960 A CN113234960 A CN 113234960A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an alloy, which comprises the following steps: thinning the particle size of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder; thinning the grain diameter of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal aluminum powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material; respectively annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder; mixing elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder; pressing and molding the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample; and sintering the green sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting. By adopting the scheme, the problems that the melting point difference of Ti and Al is large, aluminum is preferentially melted in a vacuum melting project, the electrode is unevenly melted in the cross section direction, and side arc is generated, so that the melting process is abnormal are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation method of an alloy.
Background
The alloy of the high-melting-point metal and the low-melting-point metal has wide development prospect in the technical field of aerospace, in particular to TiAl series multi-element alloy.
Taking the TiAl alloy as an example, because the TiAl alloy contains metal bonds and covalent bonds at the same time, the TiAl alloy basically has the plasticity of metal and the high-temperature strength of ceramic at the same time, compared with the traditional titanium alloy, the TiAl alloy has high modulus and high temperature-bearing capacity, the density of the TiAl alloy is only 3.85-4.2g/cm3, the TiAl alloy is lower than that of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by more than 50 percent, and the specific strength of the TiAl alloy is close to or even exceeds that of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
However, the melting point of titanium is 1668 +/-4 ℃, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, segregation is easily generated in the fusion process due to large temperature difference, and the phenomenon of uneven material distribution of metal finished products is further generated, so that the preparation of metal alloy is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, segregation is easy to generate in the fusion process of two metals with different melting points, the material distribution of a metal finished product is uneven, and the preparation of a metal alloy is seriously limited, the invention provides a preparation method of the alloy, which has the following specific technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an alloy, which comprises the following steps:
thinning the particle size of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder;
thinning the grain diameter of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal aluminum powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material;
respectively annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder;
mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder;
pressing and molding the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample;
and sintering the green body sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting.
Further, the first metal material is one or a combination of more of titanium, iron, chromium and niobium; the second metal material is aluminum.
Further, the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder are respectively annealed in the following annealing environments: in a reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum environment.
Further, the reducing atmosphere comprises: an inert atmosphere.
Further, the step of mixing the elemental metallic titanium powder and the elemental metallic aluminum powder to obtain a mixed powder includes:
respectively putting the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder into a mixer;
and starting a mixer to mix the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder.
Further, the mixed powder is pressed and molded to obtain a green body sample, and equipment adopted by the pressing and molding is a cold isostatic press.
Further, in sintering the green test piece to obtain an alloy preform, the equipment used is a vacuum sintering furnace.
Furthermore, the equipment adopted by the vacuum consumable melting is a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace.
Furthermore, the number of times of vacuum consumable melting is one.
Further, mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mixing method is a wet mixing method.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an alloy, which comprises the following steps: thinning the particle size of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder; thinning the grain diameter of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal aluminum powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material; respectively annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder; mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder; pressing and molding the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample; and sintering the green body sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting. By adopting the scheme, the problems that the melting point difference of Ti (1660 ℃) and Al (660 ℃) is large, aluminum is preferentially melted in the vacuum melting engineering, the melting is uneven in the cross section direction of the electrode, side arc is generated, and the melting process is abnormal can be solved. The probability of the occurrence of the macro segregation phenomenon caused by vacuum consumable melting of the common large-particle (massive) raw material compression molding electrode is reduced. The gravity segregation phenomenon caused by density difference among alloy components and the phenomena of burning loss of volatile elements and unstable alloy components caused by multiple times of smelting in the vacuum TiAl alloy smelting process are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing an alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an alloy, including:
s110, thinning the grain diameter of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder;
s120, thinning the grain size of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain aluminum metal powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material;
s130, annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder respectively, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder;
s140, mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder;
s150, pressing and forming the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample;
and S160, sintering the green body sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting.
In one embodiment, the first metallic material is a combination of one or more of titanium, iron, chromium, niobium; the second metal material is aluminum.
In one embodiment, the step of separately annealing the metallic titanium powder and the metallic aluminum powder comprises: in a reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum environment.
In one embodiment, the reducing atmosphere comprises: an inert atmosphere.
In one embodiment, the step of mixing the elemental metallic titanium powder and the elemental metallic aluminum powder to obtain a mixed powder comprises:
respectively putting the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder into a mixer;
and starting a mixer to mix the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder.
In a specific embodiment, the step of press-forming the mixed powder into a green sample uses a cold isostatic press.
In one embodiment, the apparatus used in sintering the green test pieces to obtain the alloy preform is a vacuum sintering furnace.
In one embodiment, the apparatus used for vacuum consumable melting is a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
In one embodiment, the number of vacuum consumable heats is one.
In a specific embodiment, the step of mixing the elemental metallic titanium powder and the elemental metallic aluminum powder to obtain a mixed powder uses a wet mixing method.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an alloy, which comprises the following steps: thinning the particle size of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder; thinning the grain diameter of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal aluminum powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material; respectively annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder; mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder; pressing and molding the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample; and sintering the green body sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting. By adopting the scheme, the problems that the melting point difference of Ti (1660 ℃) and Al (660 ℃) is large, aluminum is preferentially melted in the vacuum melting engineering, the melting is uneven in the cross section direction of the electrode, side arc is generated, and the melting process is abnormal can be solved. The probability of the occurrence of the macro segregation phenomenon caused by vacuum consumable melting of the common large-particle (massive) raw material compression molding electrode is reduced. The gravity segregation phenomenon caused by density difference among alloy components and the phenomena of burning loss of volatile elements and unstable alloy components caused by multiple times of smelting in the vacuum TiAl alloy smelting process are avoided.
Examples
On the basis of the above example 1, the present embodiment specifically illustrates the preparation method of the present invention by taking the TiAl alloy as an example, which specifically includes the following steps:
1. the bulk material (titanium sponge) or coarse particles (aluminum beans) are thinned to the range of 0.1 μm-1mm by a mechanical crushing method.
2. And respectively annealing the two kinds of powder to reduce oxides, eliminate impurities and improve purity. A reducing atmosphere may be used during the annealing process, or in an inert atmosphere or vacuum environment.
3. The single metal powder was mixed in a mass ratio of 48% Ti, 48% Al, 2% Cr and 2% Nb.
4. The materials were mechanically mixed (wet mixing) in a blender for 2 hours to obtain a well mixed metal powder.
5. And (4) putting the metal powder uniformly mixed in the step (4) into a die, and pressing and molding on a cold isostatic press to obtain a green body sample.
And 6, placing the sample prepared in the step 5 into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a TiAl (Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb) alloy semi-finished product prepared by powder metallurgy.
7 welding the semi-finished product prepared in the step 6 and the auxiliary electrode together.
8, vacuum consumable melting: and (4) placing the electrode rod prepared in the step (7) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for primary vacuum consumable melting.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making an alloy, comprising:
thinning the particle size of the first metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal titanium powder;
thinning the grain diameter of the second metal material to 0.1 mu m-1mm to obtain metal aluminum powder; the melting point of the first preset metal material is greater than that of the second metal material;
respectively annealing the metal titanium powder and the metal aluminum powder, and eliminating impurities to obtain elemental metal titanium powder and elemental metal aluminum powder;
mixing the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder;
pressing and molding the mixed powder to obtain a green body sample;
and sintering the green body sample to obtain an alloy prefabricated product, welding an auxiliary electrode on the alloy prefabricated product, and carrying out vacuum consumable melting.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metallic material is a combination of one or more of titanium, iron, chromium, niobium; the second metal material is aluminum.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of separately annealing the metallic titanium powder and the metallic aluminum powder comprises: in a reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum environment.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reducing atmosphere comprises: an inert atmosphere.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of mixing the elemental metallic titanium powder and the elemental metallic aluminum powder to obtain a mixed powder comprises:
respectively putting the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder into a mixer;
and starting a mixer to mix the elemental metal titanium powder and the elemental metal aluminum powder to obtain mixed powder.
6. The method for preparing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of press-forming the mixed powder into a green sample is carried out by using a cold isostatic press as a press-forming apparatus.
7. A method of producing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in sintering the green test piece to obtain an alloy preform, the equipment used is a vacuum sintering furnace.
8. The method for preparing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the equipment used for the vacuum consumable melting is a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
9. The method of producing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of times of vacuum consumable melting is one.
10. The method for producing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of mixing the elemental metallic titanium powder and the elemental metallic aluminum powder to obtain a mixed powder is carried out by a wet mixing method.
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