CN113233702B - Combined domestic sewage treatment method and system - Google Patents
Combined domestic sewage treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113233702B CN113233702B CN202110527139.1A CN202110527139A CN113233702B CN 113233702 B CN113233702 B CN 113233702B CN 202110527139 A CN202110527139 A CN 202110527139A CN 113233702 B CN113233702 B CN 113233702B
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- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
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- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a combined domestic sewage treatment method and a system aiming at the problems that black water and grey water are respectively treated by the equipment in the prior art, different pollutants are treated in different areas, the equipment is complex, the occupied area is large, and the use is inconvenient, wherein the method comprises the following steps: solid-liquid separation of S1 sewage in a precipitation separation zone and phosphorus removal; the sewage in the middle section of S2 enters an anaerobic filter bed area for anaerobic treatment; s3 the sewage enters an aeration filter bed area for anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic and aeration treatment; s4, the sewage enters a precipitation disinfection area; the system comprises a precipitation separation zone, an anaerobic filter bed zone, an aeration filter bed zone, a precipitation disinfection zone and a clear water zone which are sequentially communicated, wherein a dephosphorization device is arranged in the precipitation separation zone, a filter bed, a backwashing device and a backwashing reflux device are arranged in the anaerobic filter bed zone, the filter bed, the aeration device and the backwashing device are arranged in the aeration filter bed zone, and a disinfection device is arranged in the precipitation disinfection zone; the method and the system have simple process flow and small occupied area of equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of domestic sewage treatment, in particular to a combined domestic sewage treatment method and system.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of domestic living standard and economic standard, the treatment of rural domestic sewage becomes a central priority for rural environmental treatment. Distributed sewage generated in villages and small towns and other areas has the characteristic of large change of water quality and water quantity, so that sewage treatment equipment is required to have better impact resistance; since the installation space owned by the residents is limited, the treatment facility is requiredThe structure is compact; the residents do not have professional technical knowledge and enough economic strength and use complex and high-price facilities for sewage treatment, so that the equipment is also required to have the characteristics of high automation degree, stable operation, convenient maintenance, low price and the like. The development of new rural construction and sewage treatment is adapted, and the appearance of small-sized domestic sewage treatment facilities is continuous, such as Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and A on the market 2 Although sewage treatment facilities such as/O and artificial wetland have a certain treatment effect on sewage, most treatment facilities are provided with independent treatment units for anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environments respectively, and organic matters (COD) and ammonia Nitrogen (NH) are removed through different units respectively 3 ) Total pollutants such as nitrogen (TN), then set up Suspended Solid (SS) that a unit got rid of aquatic again at processing terminal, make whole process flow longer, wherein still need do nitrify liquid backward flow and mud backward flow, power equipment such as pump need be relied on in the rivers transport between each unit, whole device and technology are all very complicated, because the working capacity of common stealthily dirty pump is far more than small-size domestic sewage treatment equipment's throughput and little flow pump blocks easily when carrying sewage, the difficult matching of pump and sewage treatment equipment, equipment operation and management are also corresponding complicacy. The existing sewage treatment equipment is mainly matched with a regulating water tank and a pump to improve the impact resistance of the equipment, but the regulating water tank and the pump can increase the complexity and the occupied area of the equipment and cannot well meet the treatment requirements of scattered sewage in villages and towns. In addition, domestic sewage can be simply divided into black water and grey water according to different sources, excrement-containing sewage from a toilet is black water, common domestic sewage from a washing machine, a bathtub, a shower or a water tank and the like is grey water, most domestic sewage treatment equipment on the market is designed for independent black water or independent grey water, the black water and the grey water are treated separately, the daily domestic sewage needs two sets of independent equipment for treatment, the floor area of the equipment is further increased, the construction investment is increased, the operation, maintenance and management of two or more systems are independent, and the system is inconvenientOne of them, requiring a second excavation construction installation with the recognition of the need for another facility, causes further inconvenience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined domestic sewage treatment method and system aiming at the problems of complex equipment, large occupied area and inconvenient use and operation caused by the fact that domestic sewage treatment equipment in the prior art respectively treats black water and grey water and different areas are arranged to respectively remove pollutants such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and the like.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a combined domestic sewage treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out solid-liquid separation on domestic sewage containing black water and/or grey water in a precipitation separation zone by means of gravity, and simultaneously removing phosphorus to layer impurities formed by light dung skins, heavy dung residues and phosphorus to form impurity sediments formed by the light dung skins floating on the water surface and the heavy dung residues and phosphorus, so that the light dung skins, the heavy dung residues and the phosphorus are separated from the middle section part of the water;
s2, feeding clarified sewage in the middle section of the precipitation separation zone into an anaerobic filter bed zone for anaerobic treatment, and performing denitrification reaction and organic matter degradation;
s3, allowing the sewage treated in the step S2 to enter an aeration filter bed area, and performing anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment, aerobic treatment and aeration treatment in the aeration filter bed area, and simultaneously performing organic matter decomposition, nitration reaction and denitrification reaction;
and S4, allowing the sewage treated in the step S3 to enter a precipitation disinfection area for further precipitation and disinfection, killing bacteria and viruses in the water to enable the water to reach the discharge or reuse standard, and discharging the water into a clear water area.
Preferably, when the step S3 is performed, the sewage enters the aeration filter bed area by a quantitative transfer mode, the quantitative transfer mode is an unpowered quantitative transfer mode, the unpowered quantitative transfer mode is realized by a method that a regulating container is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area, and a first water inlet, a water outlet and a regulating water inlet are arranged on the regulating container, so that the elevations of the first water inlet, the water outlet and the regulating water inlet are sequentially raised, and the flow area of the first water inlet is smaller than that of the water outlet; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the first water inlet and lower than the adjusting water inlet, sewage in the anaerobic filter bed area enters the adjusting container from the first water inlet and flows out of the water outlet; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the adjusting water inlet, sewage flows into the adjusting container from the first water inlet and the adjusting water inlet simultaneously and flows out of the water outlet into the aeration filter bed area.
Preferably, when the step S3 is carried out, the thickened and aged biological membrane in the aeration filter bed area is forcibly washed to be peeled off, and the deposited microbial sludge and the backwashing peeled microbial sludge are returned to the precipitation separation area; in step S1, anaerobic treatment is simultaneously performed in the precipitation separation zone, and denitrification and organic matter degradation are performed by the anaerobic packing, and part of suspended matter in the sewage is removed.
Preferably, the step of S1 is performed at least twice, the step of S3 is performed twice, the step of S2 is performed after the step of S1 is completed, the step of S4 is performed after the step of S3 is completed, and the next aeration rate is 60% -90% of the previous aeration rate when the step of S3 is performed twice or more.
A combined domestic sewage treatment system comprises a precipitation separation zone, an anaerobic filter bed zone (300), an aeration filter bed zone, a precipitation disinfection zone (500) and a clear water zone (600) which are sequentially communicated, wherein a phosphorus removal device is arranged in the precipitation separation zone, an anaerobic filter bed (301) is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed zone (300), an aeration filter bed (403) and a circulating aeration device (700) are arranged in the aeration filter bed zone, and a disinfection device (501) and light fillers are arranged in the precipitation disinfection zone (500); the device is characterized by further comprising a backwashing device (800) and a backwashing backflow device (900), wherein the backwashing device (800) is arranged in the aeration filter bed area and the sedimentation disinfection area (500), the inlet of the backwashing backflow device (900) is respectively communicated with the aeration filter bed area and the sedimentation disinfection area (500), and the outlet of the backwashing backflow device (900) is communicated with the sedimentation separation area.
Preferably, the anaerobic filter bed area (300) is communicated with the aeration filter bed area through a flow regulating device, the flow regulating device comprises a regulating container (100), the regulating container (100) is provided with a water outlet (102), a first water inlet (101) and at least one regulating water inlet, the elevations of the first water inlet (101), the water outlet (102) and the regulating water inlet are sequentially increased, and the flow area of the first water inlet (101) is smaller than that of the water outlet (102); when at least two adjusting water inlets are arranged, the elevation of each adjusting water inlet is different, the adjusting container (100) is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area (300), and the water outlet (102) is communicated with the aeration filter bed area; gaps are left between the inlets and outlets of the sedimentation separation zone and the anaerobic filter bed zone (300) and the top walls of the corresponding zones.
Preferably, at least one of the sedimentation separation zone, the anaerobic filter bed zone (300) and the aeration filter bed zone is arranged, and the zones with the same functions are connected in series in sequence.
Preferably, when one precipitation separation area is arranged, the precipitation separation area and the anaerobic filter bed area (300) are communicated through an inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe (203), and the water passing short pipe (203) is positioned at the middle upper part of the precipitation separation area; when the precipitation separation area is provided with two or more than two, the first precipitation separation area (201) is communicated with the second precipitation separation area (202) through an inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe (203), and the water passing short pipe (203) is positioned at the middle upper part of the first precipitation separation area (201); anaerobic filler is arranged in the precipitation separation area.
Preferably, the backwashing backflow device (900) comprises a main backflow pipe (901), a branch backflow pipe (902) and an inflation pipe (903), the branch backflow pipe (902) is divided into a branch backflow pipe (902) which is communicated with the bottom of the aeration filter bed area and the main backflow pipe (901) and a branch backflow pipe (902) which is communicated with the bottom main backflow pipe (901) of the sedimentation sterilization area (500), each branch backflow pipe (902) corresponds to one inflation pipe (903), the air outlet end of the inflation pipe (903) is communicated with the branch backflow pipe (902), and the air inlet end of the inflation pipe (903) is communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device.
Preferably, the anaerobic filter bed (301) and the aeration filter bed (403) both comprise an upper layer of partition plate and a lower layer of partition plate, and filler arranged between the two layers of partition plates; the filler filled in the anaerobic filter bed (301) is a porous three-dimensional structure with the particle size of 20-80mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is more than or equal to 200 m 2 /m 3 The filling capacity of the filler is 50-90% of the space in the anaerobic filter bed area (300); the filler filled in the aeration filter bed (403) is a porous three-dimensional structure with the grain diameter of 20-80mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is more than or equal to 300m 2 /m 3 The filling capacity of the filler is 50-80% of the space in the aeration filter bed area; the volume of the light filler in the precipitation and disinfection area (500) accounts for 20-70 percent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is suitable for the independent treatment of the black water and the grey water, can also be used for mixing and combining the black water and the grey water, can synchronously remove phosphorus-containing waste and large-volume waste in the precipitation separation zone, can synchronously remove partial nitrogen-containing waste, partial organic matters and partial suspended matters in the anaerobic filter bed zone, synchronously remove partial organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the aeration filter bed zone, can also play a role in filtering to remove partial suspended matters, can synchronously remove bacteria and viruses in water and remove partial precipitates and suspended matters in the precipitation disinfection zone, can synchronously remove at least two pollutants in each functional zone, does not need to independently arrange an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone, has relatively simple process flow, and simplifies the operation management.
The combined domestic sewage treatment system realizes the synchronous removal of large-volume waste and phosphorus-containing waste by arranging the phosphorus removal device area in the precipitation separation area, realizes the synchronous removal of partial nitrogen-containing waste, partial organic matters and partial suspended matters by arranging the anaerobic filter bed in the anaerobic filter bed area, realizes the removal of partial organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and suspended matters by arranging the aeration filter bed in the aeration filter bed area and the circulating aeration device area, and realizes the synchronous removal of suspended matters, precipitates and bacterial viruses by arranging the disinfection device in the precipitation disinfection area; in addition, backwashing devices are arranged in the aeration filter bed area and the precipitation disinfection area to forcedly flush the thickened and aged biological membrane on the filler, so that the biological membrane falls off and grows again, and the aged biological membrane is prevented from reducing the sewage treatment effect; the microorganism sludge deposited in the aeration filter bed area and the sedimentation disinfection area and the microorganism sludge stripped by backwashing are returned to the sedimentation separation area through the backwashing backflow device and are collected in a centralized manner, so that the sludge in the aeration filter bed area can be prevented from excessively invading the treatment space in the aeration filter bed area, meanwhile, the sludge is decomposed in the sedimentation separation area, part of suspended matters generated by the decomposition of the sludge can be removed in the anaerobic filter bed area and the aeration filter bed area, and the generation of new, fine and difficult-to-separate suspended matters in the aeration filter bed area is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an integrated domestic sewage treatment process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the integrated domestic sewage treatment system of the present invention, wherein the curved arrows indicate the direction of water flow;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken at A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view at B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of a cyclic aeration apparatus of the integrated domestic sewage treatment system of the present invention, in which curved arrows indicate the directions of water flows;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the backwash return device in the settling disinfection zone of the integrated domestic sewage treatment system of the present invention, wherein the curved arrows indicate the direction of water flow;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the construction of a flow rate regulating device of a combined sewage treatment system according to the present invention.
Reference number specification, 100, conditioning vessel; 101. a first water inlet; 102. a water outlet; 103. adjusting a first water inlet; 104. adjusting a water inlet II; 201. a first zone of precipitation separation; 202. a second zone of precipitation separation; 203. a water passing short pipe; 300. an anaerobic filter bed zone; 301. an anaerobic filter bed; 401. an aeration filter bed area I; 402. an aeration filter bed zone II; 403. an aeration filter bed; 500. a precipitation disinfection area; 501. a sterilizing device; 600. a clear water zone; 700. a cyclic aeration device; 701. a flow guide pipe; 702. an air inlet pipe; 800. a backwashing device; 900. a backwashing reflux device; 901. a main return pipe; 902. a branch return pipe; 903. and an inflation tube.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals.
The invention provides a combined domestic sewage treatment method, and the domestic sewage can be black water, grey water or a mixed solution of the black water and the grey water. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the domestic sewage enters a precipitation separation zone to carry out solid-liquid separation by means of gravity, so that substances with the density of feces and the like larger than that of water in the sewage are sunk to the bottom, and feces and skin with the density smaller than that of water float on the water surface; and simultaneously, phosphorus is removed in the precipitation separation area, and phosphate in the sewage is changed into insoluble matters for precipitation. In the process, larger pollutants and phosphorus elements in the sewage can be removed, and the larger pollutants contain a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen-containing waste. The phosphorus removal of the sewage can be carried out by adopting biochemical phosphorus removal equipment or chemical phosphorus removal equipment, such as a dosing phosphorus removal device or an electrolytic phosphorus removal device, wherein the electrolytic phosphorus removal device is preferably selected. Through the above treatment, the sewage in the precipitation separation area is divided into three parts, light dung peels float on the upper part, the middle part is cleaner water, and the lower part is deposited with heavier dung residues and wastes containing phosphorus and nitrogen.
S2, the relatively clear water obtained in the step 1 is further subjected to anaerobic reaction for further denitrification treatment and organic matter degradation. The sewage that is located the middle part in the sedimentation disengagement zone, does not have floater and precipitate, relative clarification gets into the anaerobism filter bed district, is anaerobic environment in the anaerobism filter bed district, and anaerobism microorganism wherein can take place denitrification reaction with sewage and denitrify to carry out the organic matter degradation, the filler can also play the effect of removing the part suspended solid in the sewage simultaneously.
S3, performing comprehensive treatment of oxygen pressing, oxygen lack, aerobiosis and aeration on the sewage treated in the step S2 in the aeration filter bed area, and removing organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and suspended matters in the sewage to obtain clear water. The sewage enters the aeration filter bed area, and the decomposition, nitration reaction and denitrification reaction of organic matters are simultaneously carried out in the aeration filter bed area by a method combining the biological film packing and the aeration treatment. The biological membrane in the aeration filter bed area is in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environments from inside to outside in sequence, when sewage contacts different areas of the biological membrane, organic matter decomposition, nitration reaction and denitrification reaction can be carried out respectively, the filler can also play a role in further removing part of suspended matters in the sewage, and the synchronous removal of the organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and the suspended matters in the aeration filter bed area is realized. The aeration filter bed area is internally provided with a filler, microorganisms are attached to the filler to grow to form a biological film, and the water is aerated to flow circularly and oxygenate the water, so that the contact degree of sewage and oxygen with the microorganisms is increased.
And S4, allowing the clear water obtained by the treatment in the step S3 to enter a precipitation disinfection area for further precipitation and disinfection to eliminate bacteria and viruses in the water so that the water reaches the discharge or reuse standard to obtain disinfected clear water, and discharging the disinfected clear water into a clear water area. The sedimentation and disinfection zone can be provided with light fillers which float in the sewage and play a role in further removing suspended matters in the sewage.
By adopting the method, the combination treatment of the black water and the grey water can be carried out without distinguishing, and only one device is needed to meet the treatment requirements of the black water and the grey water, so that the occupied area of the device and the cost of the device are greatly reduced; the removal of phosphorus-containing waste and bulky waste can be carried out simultaneously in the precipitation separation zone, part of the nitrogen-containing waste, part of the organic matter and part of the suspended matter can be removed simultaneously in the anaerobic filter bed zone, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environments generated by the self structure of the biological membrane in the aeration filter bed area can simultaneously carry out anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactions to synchronously remove partial organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, the filler can also play a role of filtering to remove partial suspended matters, bacteria and viruses, partial sediments and suspended matters in the water can be synchronously removed in the precipitation disinfection area, at least two types of pollutants are removed in each area, and the air-deficient and aerobic treatments are not required to be independently carried out, so that a better treatment effect can be obtained, therefore, an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone do not need to be independently established, the process flow is relatively simple, the equipment structure is simple, and the occupied area is small.
In step S3, the water flow may be transferred from the anaerobic filter bed area to the aerated filter bed area by overflow or by pumping, and the sewage is preferably transferred by unpowered quantitative transfer, which may be realized by the following method: arranging a first water inlet, a water outlet and an adjusting water inlet on an adjusting container, sequentially raising the elevations of the first water inlet, the water outlet and the adjusting water inlet to enable the flow area of the first water inlet to be smaller than that of the water outlet, and placing the adjusting container into an anaerobic filter bed area; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the first water inlet and lower than the adjusting water inlet, the water in the anaerobic filter bed area enters the adjusting container from the first water inlet and flows out from the water outlet; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the adjusting water inlet, sewage flows into the adjusting container from the first water inlet and the adjusting water inlet simultaneously and flows out from the water outlet. Usually, the regulating container body is of a closed hollow structure, and a water inlet, a water outlet and a regulating water inlet are arranged on the regulating container body so as to ensure that water enters the regulating container body from the water inlet and flows out from the water outlet.
In the settling zone, preferably carry out nitrogen removal processing and organic matter degradation in the dephosphorization simultaneously, can set up the anaerobism filler in the settling zone, because for anaerobic environment in the settling zone, can adhere to growth anaerobism microorganism on the anaerobism filler, sewage is when filling, take place denitrification reaction and carry out nitrogen removal and organic matter degradation, remove the partial suspended solid in the sewage simultaneously, make the settling zone can play the effect in partial anaerobism filter bed district, the volume in anaerobic filter bed district has been increased in the phase change under the condition that does not influence the precipitation effect, can prolong the time that takes place anaerobic reaction, make sewage react and give more fully.
Preferably, in step 3, the thickened and aged biological membrane in the aeration filter bed area is forcibly washed at intervals to make the aged biological membrane fall off, and the deposited microbial sludge and the backwashing-peeled microbial sludge are returned to the precipitation separation area, so that the old biological membrane can be removed before the biological membrane is aged, the updating of organisms is accelerated to ensure that the treatment capacity of the biological membrane meets the treatment requirement, the aged biological membrane is prevented from increasing suspended matters in sewage, and the fallen biological membrane can be prevented from blocking the filter bed. The deposited microorganism sludge and the microorganism sludge stripped by backwashing are returned to the precipitation separation zone and collected in a centralized manner, meanwhile, the sludge in the aeration filter bed zone can be prevented from excessively invading the treatment space in the aeration filter bed zone, the generation of new, fine and difficult-to-separate suspended matters in the aeration filter bed zone due to the decomposition of the sludge can be avoided, and the suspended matters generated by the decomposition of the sludge in the precipitation separation zone can be gradually removed in the subsequent steps.
In each step of sewage treatment, more than two times of repeated treatment can be carried out to reduce the pressure on equipment in each treatment, for example, two precipitation separation zones can be arranged to carry out twice precipitation separation on sewage, and two anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic and aeration treatments can also be carried out. If more than two times of anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment, aerobic treatment and aeration treatment are arranged, the aeration rate of the latter aeration treatment is 60-90% of that of the former aeration treatment, and the energy consumption caused by aeration is reduced.
The method can be realized by the following system: a combined domestic sewage treatment system, as shown in figure 2, comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the box body to divide the space in the box body into a precipitation separation area, an anaerobic filter bed area 300, an aeration filter bed area, a precipitation disinfection area 500 and a clear water area 600, and the precipitation separation area, the anaerobic filter bed area 300, the aeration filter bed area, the precipitation disinfection area 500 and the clear water area 600 are communicated in sequence. The sedimentation separation area, the anaerobic filter bed area and the aeration filter bed area can be one or more, the number of each functional area can be increased to improve the treatment performance when the pollutants in water are more, and when each functional area is provided with two or more than two, the areas with the same function are sequentially connected in series. When two or more aeration filter bed areas are arranged, the content of pollutants in the sewage is greatly reduced due to the treatment of the previous aeration filter bed area, and the aeration rate of the next aeration filter bed area can be set to be 60-90% of that of the previous aeration filter bed area, so that the energy consumption caused by aeration is reduced. It should be noted that, when two or more settling separation zones are provided, the relatively clarified sewage in the middle of the former settling separation zone flows into the latter settling separation zone. In this embodiment, two sedimentation separation zones, an anaerobic filter bed zone 300 and two aerated filter bed zones are provided, and the first sedimentation separation zone 201, the second sedimentation separation zone 202, the anaerobic filter bed zone 300, the first aerated filter bed zone 401, the second aerated filter bed zone 402 and the sedimentation sterilization zone 500 are communicated in sequence.
The sewage is subjected to solid-liquid separation in the first precipitation separation zone 201 and the second precipitation separation zone 202 by gravity. A phosphorus removal device (not shown) is arranged in the first precipitation separation zone 201, phosphate in the sewage is changed into insoluble matters to be subjected to precipitation separation in the first precipitation separation zone 201, and residual phosphate can be further precipitated in the second precipitation separation zone 202. The phosphorus removal device can adopt a dosing phosphorus removal device or an electrolytic phosphorus removal device, the electrolytic phosphorus removal device is adopted in the embodiment, an iron plate or an aluminum plate is used as an electrode, and the electrode plate is immersed in the water in the precipitation separation zone. The sedimentation separation area is an anaerobic environment which is suitable for anaerobic microorganism growth, and anaerobic fillers are preferably arranged in the first sedimentation separation area and the second sedimentation separation area, and the anaerobic fillers can adopt the same fillers (not shown in the figure) or rope type fillers as the fillers in the anaerobic filter bed area 300. Through setting up the anaerobism filler, the anaerobism filler goes up the anaerobism microorganism of adnexed growth and takes place denitrification reaction with the nitrogenous waste material of sewage and carry out the denitrogenation and carry out organic matter degradation simultaneously, and the anaerobism filler is partial suspended solid in still can the removal sewage simultaneously, makes the effect that the sedimentation disengagement zone can play partial anaerobism filter bed district, has increased the volume of anaerobism filter bed under the condition that does not influence the precipitation effect, does not increase system occupation space.
As shown in fig. 3, an anaerobic filter bed 301 is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area 300, the anaerobic filter bed 301 comprises two water-permeable partition plates on the upper and lower sides, and a filler is filled between the two partition plates. The filling material is preferably porous three-dimensional structure with particle size of 20-80mm, and specific surface area of the filling material is more than or equal to 200 m 2 /m 3 The packing capacity of the packing in the anaerobic filter bed 301 is 50-90% of the space of the anaerobic filter bed area 300. The filler is attached with the growth anaerobic microorganisms, can perform denitrification reaction with nitrogenous waste in sewage to denitrify and perform organic matter degradation, and can also play a role in removing part of suspended matters in the sewage.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, an aeration filter bed 403, a cyclic aeration device 700 and a backwashing device 800 are provided in each of the first aeration filter bed zone 401 and the second aeration filter bed zone 402. The structure of the aeration filter bed 403 is similar to that of the anaerobic filter bed 301, and comprises water-permeable partition plates at the upper and lower sides, wherein the filler is filled between the two partition plates, a biological membrane is attached on the filler, the filled filler is preferably a porous three-dimensional structure with the particle size of 20-80mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is more than or equal to 300m 2 /m 3 The filling capacity of the filler in the aeration filter bed 403 is 50-80% of the space in the aeration filter bed area. Aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic microorganisms are attached to and grow on the filler in the aeration filter bed 403 to form a biological film, the biological film is in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environments from the inner region to the outer region in sequence, and sewage is treated by the microorganisms in the biological film and is subjected to organic matter decomposition, nitrification reaction and denitrification reaction at the same time. In the aeration filter bed area, water is aerated into water while circularly flowing through the circular aeration device 700, as shown in fig. 5, the circular aeration device 700 comprises an air inlet pipe 702 and a vertically arranged guide pipe 701, the guide pipe 701 is arranged in the filter bed, the upper opening of the guide pipe 701 is close to the liquid level of the aeration filter bed area, the lower opening of the guide pipe 701 is close to the bottom of the aeration filter bed area, the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe 702 is positioned in the guide pipe 701 and is positioned at the lower part of the guide pipe 701, and the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 702 is communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device. The air inlet pipe 702 is used for filling air into the flow guide pipe 701, so that the oxygen content in water is increased to realize aeration, meanwhile, the density of fluid in the flow guide pipe 701 is smaller than that of fluid outside the flow guide pipe 701, the external pressure of the flow guide pipe 701 is larger than the internal pressure, liquid at the bottom of an aeration filter bed area flows in from the bottom of the flow guide pipe 701, excessive water in the flow guide pipe 701 flows to the upper part of the aeration filter bed area from the upper part of the flow guide pipe 701, and the up-and-down circulation of water flow in the aeration filter bed area is realized. As shown in fig. 2, the backwashing device 800 is a frame structure composed of a plurality of pipelines, the backwashing device 800 is arranged in the filter bed, the plurality of pipelines are mutually communicated, and the pipelines are provided with through holes, the pipelines are communicated with the gas outlet of the gas supply device, during backwashing, gas or water vapor mixed liquid is sprayed out from the through holes, and the biomembrane which is thickened and aged on the filler in the aeration filter bed area is forcedly washed to make the biomembrane fall off. The backwash device 800 may be constructed using other conventional backwash devices 800.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the sediment sterilization zone 500 is funnel-shaped to facilitate the concentration of the sediment. The sedimentation sterilization zone 500 is provided with a sterilization device 501, and the sterilization device 501 may be a commercially available device as long as it can sterilize and disinfect water. Lightweight fillers are arranged in the sedimentation and disinfection area 500, the fillers float in the sedimentation and disinfection area 500 and are concentrated on the upper half part of the sedimentation and disinfection area 500, and the volume ratio of the fillers in the sedimentation and disinfection area 500 is 20-70%. The sediment sterilization zone 500 is also provided with a backwashing device 800, the backwashing device 800 performs backwashing on the filler, and the structure of the backwashing device 800 in the sediment sterilization zone 500 is the same as that of the backwashing device 800 in the aeration filter bed zone in the embodiment. A pump (not shown) is disposed in the clean water area 600, and the pump can directly discharge the water in the clean water area 600 to the natural environment or for recycling.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 6, the combined domestic sewage treatment system further includes a backwash return device 900, the backwash return device 900 includes a main return pipe 901, branch return pipes 902 and an air charging pipe 903, the branch return pipes 902 are three, the three branch return pipes 902 respectively communicate the bottom of the first aeration filter bed area 401 with the main return pipe 901, the bottom of the second aeration filter bed area 402 with the main return pipe 901, and the bottom of the sedimentation sterilization area with the main return pipe 901, each branch return pipe 902 is correspondingly provided with an air charging pipe 903, the air outlet end of the air charging pipe 903 is communicated with the corresponding branch return pipe 902, the air inlet end of the air charging pipe 903 is communicated with the air outlet of an air supply device, the air supply device charges air into the branch return pipe 902 through the air charging pipe 903, the density of the fluid in the branch return pipe 902 is less than that of the fluid outside the branch return pipe 902, the external pressure of the branch return pipe 902 is greater than the internal pressure, so that the external liquid flows into the branch return pipe 902, and realizing reflux. The backwash return device 900, the backwash device 800 and the cyclic aeration device 700 may be supplied with air by the same air supply device, and the air supply device used in this embodiment is a blower.
The first sedimentation separation zone 201, the second sedimentation separation zone 202, the anaerobic filter bed zone 300, the first aeration filter bed zone 401, the second aeration filter bed zone 402 and the sedimentation sterilization zone 500 can be communicated through pipelines, through holes on a partition plate or other devices capable of transferring water flow. As shown in FIG. 4, the first precipitation separation zone 201 and the second precipitation separation zone 202 are preferably communicated through an inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe 203, and the anaerobic filter bed zone and the first aeration filter bed zone 401 are preferably communicated through a flow rate adjusting device, and in this embodiment, the rest of the zones are communicated through holes formed in the partition plate. The water passing short pipe 203 is positioned at the middle upper part of the first precipitation separation area 201, so that floating matters in the first precipitation separation area 201 can be reduced or prevented from entering the second precipitation separation area 202; if only one precipitation separation area is arranged, the precipitation separation area is communicated with the anaerobic filter bed area 300 through the inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe 203, and the straight pipe part of the water passing short pipe 203 is vertically arranged and is positioned at the middle upper part of the precipitation separation area. As shown in fig. 7, the flow control device includes regulating container 100, regulating container 100 is provided with delivery port 102, first water inlet 101 and at least one regulation water inlet, regulating container 100 is except for delivery port 102, first water inlet 101 and regulation water inlet are seal structure, first water inlet 101, delivery port 102 and the elevation of adjusting the water inlet rise in proper order, the flow area of first water inlet 101 is less than the flow area of delivery port 102, when adjusting the water inlet and being provided with two or more than two, the elevation of different regulation water inlets is different, two regulation water inlets have been set up in this embodiment, respectively be regulation water inlet 103 and regulation water inlet two 104. The conditioning vessel 100 is disposed within the anaerobic filter bed zone 300 and the water outlet 102 is in communication with the aerated filter bed zone one. When the device is used, the adjusting container 100 is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area, the water outlet 102 is communicated with the aeration filter bed area, when a large amount of water is discharged into the anaerobic filter bed area within a certain period of time, the water inlet flow of the anaerobic filter bed area is far larger than the water inlet capacity and the water outlet capacity of the flow adjusting device, the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area can quickly rise to a position higher than the first water inlet 101 at the beginning, and the water flows into the adjusting container 100 from the first water inlet 101, because the caliber of the first water inlet 101 is small, the water inlet capacity is small, the water which cannot flow into the adjusting container 100 from the first water inlet 101 can be accumulated in the anaerobic filter bed area, so that the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area continuously rises; along with the water inlet of the first water inlet 101, the water level in the adjusting container 100 gradually rises until the water level is higher than the lowest point of the water outlet 102, the water in the adjusting container 100 is discharged from the water outlet 102 to the aeration filter bed area, in the process, the water quantity in the adjusting container 100 is limited by the water inlet capacity of the first water inlet 101, the increase of the water quantity and the rise of the water level in the adjusting container 100 are slower than those in the anaerobic filter bed area, because the flow rate of the water is positively correlated with the water pressure, the water pressure is positively correlated with the water level, and the product of the flow rate and the flow area is positively correlated with the water flow, the water pressure, the flow rate and the flow at the water outlet 102 can only gradually rise from a smaller value under the influence of the water quantity and the water level in the adjusting container 100, and the impact on the aeration filter bed area caused by the sudden inflow of a large amount of high-speed water into the next working unit is avoided; before the water level of the anaerobic filter bed area rises to the elevation of the adjusting water inlet, the water amount discharged into the aeration filter bed area is limited by the first water inlet 101 and the water outlet 102, as the caliber of the water outlet 102 is larger than that of the first water inlet 101, and the position of the water outlet 102 is higher than that of the first water inlet 101, the water outlet capacity of the water outlet 102 is changed from the water inlet capacity smaller than that of the first water inlet 101 to the water inlet capacity larger than that of the first water inlet 101 along with the rise of the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area, and the water amount discharged into the aeration filter bed area is mainly determined by the water outlet 102; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area rises to the adjusting water inlet, water flow enters the adjusting container 100 from the first water inlet 101 and the adjusting water inlet at the same time, the adjusting water inlet increases the water inlet capacity of the adjusting container 100, the water inlet capacity in the adjusting container 100 is not smaller than the water outlet capacity of the water outlet 102, stable water drainage is realized, the flow adjusting device can replace power equipment such as a pump, and under the condition of no external power, the water quantity discharged into the aeration filter bed area can be slowly increased from a smaller value along with the rise of the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area, the water flow change discharged into the aeration filter bed area is stable, the impact on the water outlet of the aeration filter bed area is small, the complexity of the equipment can be reduced, the equipment cost is reduced, and the equipment floor area is reduced. It should be noted that the inlets and outlets of the first sedimentation separation zone 201, the second sedimentation separation zone 202, the anaerobic filter bed zone 300, the first aeration filter bed zone 401, the second aeration filter bed zone 402, the sedimentation sterilization zone 500 and the clear water zone 600 are all arranged at diagonal positions of the corresponding zones or zones as much as possible, and taking the position shown in fig. 2 as an example, when the inlet is arranged at the lower left end of the corresponding zone, the outlet is arranged at the upper right end of the corresponding zone, so that the path length of the water flow can be increased as much as possible. The inlets and outlets of the first sedimentation separation zone 201, the second sedimentation separation zone 202 and the anaerobic filter bed zone 300 are preferably spaced from the top walls of the corresponding zones, and the distance between the top walls and the corresponding inlets and outlets can be used as a flow regulation area to reduce the flow impact on the next unit.
The specific examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Claims (9)
1. A combined domestic sewage treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out solid-liquid separation on domestic sewage containing black water and/or grey water in a precipitation separation zone by means of gravity, and simultaneously removing phosphorus to separate impurities formed by light dung skins, heavy dung residues and phosphorus into layers, so that the light dung skins float on the water surface, the impurities formed by the heavy dung residues and the phosphorus sink, and the light dung skins, the heavy dung residues and the phosphorus are separated from the middle section part of the water;
s2, feeding clarified sewage in the middle section of the precipitation separation zone into an anaerobic filter bed zone for anaerobic treatment, and performing denitrification reaction and organic matter degradation;
s3, allowing the sewage treated in the step S2 to enter an aeration filter bed area, and performing anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic treatment on the sewage in the aeration filter bed area simultaneously through anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environments generated by the structure of the biological membrane, performing aeration treatment simultaneously, and performing organic matter decomposition, nitration reaction and denitrification reaction simultaneously;
s4, enabling the sewage treated in the step S3 to enter a precipitation disinfection area for further precipitation and disinfection, eliminating bacteria and viruses in the water, enabling the water to reach the discharge or reuse standard, and discharging the water into a clear water area;
when the step S3 is carried out, sewage enters the aeration filter bed area in a quantitative transfer mode, the quantitative transfer mode is an unpowered quantitative transfer mode, the unpowered quantitative transfer mode is realized by the following method, a regulating container is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area, a first water inlet, a water outlet and a regulating water inlet are formed in the regulating container, the elevations of the first water inlet, the water outlet and the regulating water inlet are sequentially increased, the flow area of the first water inlet is smaller than that of the water outlet, and the water inlet flow of the anaerobic filter bed area is larger than the water inlet capacity and the water outlet capacity of the flow regulating device; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the first water inlet and lower than the adjusting water inlet, sewage in the anaerobic filter bed area enters the adjusting container from the first water inlet and flows out of the water outlet; when the water level in the anaerobic filter bed area is higher than the adjusting water inlet, sewage flows into the adjusting container from the first water inlet and the adjusting water inlet simultaneously and flows out of the water outlet into the aeration filter bed area.
2. The combined domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: when the step S3 is carried out, the thickened and aged biological membrane in the aeration filter bed area is forcibly washed to fall off, and deposited microbial sludge and backwashing stripped microbial sludge are returned to the precipitation separation area; in the step S1, simultaneously carrying out anaerobic treatment in the precipitation separation zone, carrying out denitrification reaction denitrification and organic matter degradation through anaerobic fillers, and removing part of suspended matters in the sewage; aeration is carried out by adopting the following method: the vertical guide pipe is arranged in the aeration filter bed area, the upper opening of the guide pipe is close to the liquid level of the aeration filter bed area, the lower opening of the guide pipe (701) is close to the bottom of the aeration filter bed area, the lower part of the guide pipe is inflated through the air inlet pipe, the density of fluid in the guide pipe (701) is smaller than that of fluid outside the guide pipe 701, the external pressure of the guide pipe is larger than the internal pressure, liquid at the bottom of the aeration filter bed area flows in from the bottom of the guide pipe 701, excessive water in the guide pipe flows to the upper part of the aeration filter bed area from the upper part of the guide pipe, and the up-and-down circulation of water flow in the aeration filter bed area is realized.
3. The combined domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) at least twice S1 steps, twice S3 steps, step S2 step after the completion of each S1 step, step S4 step after the completion of each S3 step, wherein when the S3 steps are carried out more than twice, the next aeration amount is 60-90% of the previous aeration amount.
4. The utility model provides a combination formula sewage treatment system which characterized in that: the device comprises a precipitation separation zone, an anaerobic filter bed zone (300), an aeration filter bed zone, a precipitation disinfection zone (500) and a clear water zone (600) which are sequentially communicated, wherein a phosphorus removal device is arranged in the precipitation separation zone, an anaerobic filter bed (301) is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed zone (300), an aeration filter bed (403) and a circulating aeration device (700) are arranged in the aeration filter bed zone, and a disinfection device (501) and light fillers are arranged in the precipitation disinfection zone (500); the backwashing device (800) is arranged in the aeration filter bed area and the sedimentation disinfection area (500), the inlet of the backwashing reflux device (900) is respectively communicated with the aeration filter bed area and the sedimentation disinfection area (500), and the outlet of the backwashing reflux device (900) is communicated with the sedimentation separation area; the anaerobic filter bed area (300) is communicated with the aeration filter bed area through a flow regulating device, the flow regulating device comprises a regulating container (100), the regulating container (100) is provided with a water outlet (102), a first water inlet (101) and at least one regulating water inlet, the elevations of the first water inlet (101), the water outlet (102) and the regulating water inlet are sequentially increased, the flow area of the first water inlet (101) is smaller than that of the water outlet (102), and the water inflow rate of the anaerobic filter bed area is greater than the water inflow capacity and the water outflow capacity of the flow regulating device; when at least two adjusting water inlets are arranged, the elevation of each adjusting water inlet is different, the adjusting container (100) is arranged in the anaerobic filter bed area (300), and the water outlet (102) is communicated with the aeration filter bed area; gaps are left between the inlets and outlets of the sedimentation separation zone and the anaerobic filter bed zone (300) and the top walls of the corresponding zones.
5. The combined domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 4, wherein: the sedimentation separation area, the anaerobic filter bed area (300) and the aeration filter bed area are at least one, and the areas with the same function are connected in series in sequence.
6. The combined domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 4, wherein: when one precipitation separation area is arranged, the precipitation separation area is communicated with the anaerobic filter bed area (300) through an inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe (203), and the water passing short pipe (203) is positioned at the middle upper part of the precipitation separation area; when the precipitation separation area is provided with two or more than two, the first precipitation separation area (201) is communicated with the second precipitation separation area (202) through an inverted U-shaped water passing short pipe (203), and the water passing short pipe (203) is positioned at the middle upper part of the first precipitation separation area (201); anaerobic filler is arranged in the precipitation separation area.
7. The combined domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 5, wherein: the backwashing backflow device (900) comprises a total backflow pipe (901), a branch backflow pipe (902) and an air charging pipe (903), wherein the branch backflow pipe (902) is divided into a branch backflow pipe (902) which is communicated with the bottom of the aeration filter bed area and the total backflow pipe (901) and a branch backflow pipe (902) which is communicated with the bottom total backflow pipe (901) of the sedimentation disinfection area (500), each branch backflow pipe (902) corresponds to one air charging pipe (903), the air outlet end of the air charging pipe (903) is communicated with the branch backflow pipe (902), and the air inlet end of the air charging pipe (903) is communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device.
8. The combined domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 4, wherein: the anaerobic filter bed (301) and the aeration filter bed (403) both comprise an upper layer of clapboard and a lower layer of clapboard and filler arranged between the two layers of clapboards; the filler filled in the anaerobic filter bed (301) is a porous three-dimensional structure with the particle size of 20-80mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is more than or equal to 200 m 2 /m 3 The filling capacity of the filler is 50-90% of the space in the anaerobic filter bed area (300); the filler filled in the aeration filter bed (403) is a porous three-dimensional structure with the grain diameter of 20-80mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is more than or equal to 300m 2 /m 3 The filling capacity of the filler is 50-80% of the space in the aeration filter bed area; the volume ratio of the light filler in the precipitation disinfection area (500) is 20-70%.
9. The combined domestic sewage treatment system of claim 4, wherein: the circulating aeration device (70) 0 comprises an air inlet pipe (70) 2 and a vertically arranged guide pipe (70) 1, the guide pipe (701) is arranged in the filter bed, the upper opening of the guide pipe (701) is close to the liquid level of an aeration filter bed area, the lower opening of the guide pipe (701) is close to the bottom of the aeration filter bed area, the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe (702) is positioned in the guide pipe (701) and is positioned at the lower part of the guide pipe (701), the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe (702) is communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device, and the air inlet pipe (702) charges air into the guide pipe (701).
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Effective date of registration: 20230912 Address after: 125000 Changcheng Avenue 66-1, Dongdaihe New District, Huludao City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Liaoning Tonglida Fluid Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 066000 No.8, Jinshan North Road, Qinhuangdao Development Zone, Hebei Province Patentee before: QINHUANGDAO TONGLIDA ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY ENGENEERING CO.,LTD. |
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