CN113233623A - Power station warm drainage seawater desalination system and resource utilization method - Google Patents
Power station warm drainage seawater desalination system and resource utilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113233623A CN113233623A CN202110449454.7A CN202110449454A CN113233623A CN 113233623 A CN113233623 A CN 113233623A CN 202110449454 A CN202110449454 A CN 202110449454A CN 113233623 A CN113233623 A CN 113233623A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a warm-discharge seawater desalination system for a power station and a resource utilization method. This power station warm drainage seawater desalination system includes: a desalination component, a mineral purification component and a salt difference energy power generation component. The desalination assembly is used for desalinating seawater by utilizing warm drainage heat energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution; the mineral purifying assembly is used for extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting assembly and discharging the residual solution; the salt difference energy power generation assembly is used for generating power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly and warm discharge water of a power station, and transmitting electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly. The problem that the existing power station directly discharges warm water, can form 'thermal pollution' impact on marine ecological environment, or teds strong brine for salt making, needs to occupy a large amount of land area, wastes time and energy, and has low added value of products and unobvious economic benefit can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of warm discharge water resource utilization and seawater desalination, in particular to a warm discharge seawater desalination system and a resource utilization method for a power station.
Background
Coastal power enterprises rely on seawater as a cold source, and a large amount of warm water brings severe thermal shock to offshore sea areas, so that the problems become bottlenecks restricting industry development and commonness problems impacting marine environment. The scarcity of nuclear power plants is accompanied by the necessity of "one plant with multiple piles", which further aggravates the impact degree of the heat influence in the sea area. The temperature rise of warm water discharged by the nuclear power station is only 6-11 ℃, and the warm water discharge of a single unit is about 45-60 m3The characteristic of large quantity and low quality of the energy-saving technology is that the energy-saving technology is not utilized enough, and the energy-saving technology can only be used as waste heat to be discharged to the sea to form heat pollution impact on the marine ecological environment, but the utilization and the treatment are very difficult due to the low temperature. It is worth noting that the power station warm discharge water carries a large amount of low-temperature waste heat, pressure energy of a water head of nearly 10m is lost due to direct discharge, and comprehensive application of power station energy can be realized by recycling waste pressure and waste heat energy. In recent years, the development of low-temperature seawater desalination makes low-temperature heat sources such as warm drainage water of power plants possibly used for seawater desalination, and the low-temperature heat sources have attracted extensive attention of many domestic and foreign research institutions and power enterprises.
On the other hand, when fresh water is obtained in large-scale seawater desalination increment, more than half of strong brine is discharged, and resources such as salt difference energy, mineral substances and the like in the strong brine are not fully utilized. At present, the industry generally adopts strong brine as a raw material to tedded for preparing salt, the method does not only occupy a large land area and takes several months, and unfortunately, the obtained product has low added value and unobvious economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a warm-discharged seawater desalination system for a power station and a resource utilization method, which are realized by utilizing the surplus pressure of warm-discharged waste heat of the power station, and can solve the problems that the existing power station directly discharges warm-discharged water to form heat pollution impact on the marine ecological environment, or strong brine is tedded to produce salt, a large amount of land area is occupied, time and labor are consumed, the added value of products is low, and the economic benefit is not obvious.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a warm discharge seawater desalination system for a power station, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
the desalination assembly is used for desalinating seawater by utilizing warm drainage heat energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution;
a mineral purification assembly for extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalination assembly and discharging the remaining residual solution;
and the salt difference energy power generation assembly is used for generating power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly and warm drainage water of a power station and transmitting electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly.
In some optional schemes, the desalination assembly comprises at least one phase-change-free desalination device, and the phase-change-free desalination device is used for desalinating seawater by utilizing heat energy of warm drainage water of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution with first concentration.
In some optional schemes, the desalination apparatus without phase change comprises:
at least one desalination mechanism for immersion in seawater, each said desalination mechanism comprising:
an inner support, the inner side of which forms a water storage cavity, the inner support being provided with water through holes;
an outer support, which is provided with a water through hole and a semi-permeable membrane and forms a containing cavity with the inner support;
the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is arranged in the accommodating cavity, can absorb fresh water from the outer side of the outer support through the semi-permeable membrane when the temperature is lower than a first temperature, and can discharge the fresh water to the water storage cavity when the temperature is higher than the first temperature;
and the water changing mechanism is communicated with the water storage cavity and is used for discharging and collecting the fresh water in the water storage cavity when the fresh water in the water storage cavity is reduced to a second temperature or the fresh water discharged by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel reaches a set gap degree, and enabling the water storage cavity to suck the fresh water at the temperature higher than the second temperature when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel absorbs water to a set saturation degree.
In some alternatives, the water change mechanism comprises:
a water storage tank;
one end of the water changing pipeline is communicated with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water changing pipeline is connected with the end part of the water storage cavity;
the heater is arranged on the water exchange pipeline and used for heating the fresh water in the water exchange pipeline to be higher than a second temperature by utilizing the heat energy of the warm discharged water of the steam turbine of the power plant;
the piston is arranged in the water storage cavity and used for discharging and collecting the fresh water in the water storage cavity when the fresh water in the water storage cavity is reduced to a second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel discharges the fresh water to a set gap degree, and enabling the water storage cavity to suck the fresh water at the second temperature when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel absorbs water to a set saturation degree.
In some alternatives, the water change line comprises:
one end of the water return pipeline is communicated with the water storage tank, the other end of the water return pipeline is communicated with the end part of the water storage cavity, and a first valve is arranged on the water return pipeline, is opened when the fresh water in the water storage cavity is discharged and is closed when the fresh water heated to be higher than a second temperature is sucked;
the hot water supply pipeline, its one end with the storage water tank intercommunication, the other end and the parallelly connected back of return water pipeline with the tip intercommunication in water storage chamber, be equipped with the second valve on the hot water supply pipeline, the second valve is discharging the fresh water in the water storage chamber is closed, opens when inhaling the fresh water that heats to being greater than the second temperature.
In some optional schemes, the water storage device further comprises a driving device connected with the piston, the driving device comprises a pressure energy recoverer and a crank-link mechanism, the pressure energy recoverer is used for recovering pressure energy of warm drainage water of a steam turbine of a power plant so as to drive the crank-link mechanism, and the crank-link mechanism is used for driving the piston to move in the water storage cavity.
In some optional schemes, the desalination assembly further comprises a thermal evaporation concentration and desalination mechanism, and the thermal evaporation concentration assembly is used for obtaining fresh water by evaporation of a first concentration of concentrated liquid and providing the remaining second concentration of concentrated liquid to the mineral purification assembly.
On the other hand, the invention provides a seawater desalination resource utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
desalting seawater by using a desalting component to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution;
extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting component by using a mineral purifying component, and discharging the residual solution;
and the salt difference energy power generation assembly generates power by using the residual liquid discharged by the mineral purification assembly and the cooled warm discharge water, and transmits electric energy to the mineral purification assembly.
In some optional schemes, the desalinating seawater by using the desalination assembly to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution specifically includes:
desalting seawater by using a non-phase-change desalting device to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution with a first concentration;
and obtaining fresh water by evaporating the concentrate with the first concentration through the thermal evaporation concentration component, and providing the remaining concentrate with the second concentration to the mineral purification component.
In some optional schemes, the desalinating seawater by using a phase-change-free desalinating apparatus to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution with a first concentration specifically includes:
a: the temperature-sensitive hydrogel in the seawater at the temperature lower than the first temperature is used for sucking the fresh water filtered by the semi-permeable membrane;
b: when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel absorbs water to a set saturation degree, inputting fresh water with the temperature higher than a second temperature into the water storage cavity so as to discharge the fresh water in the temperature-sensitive hydrogel to the water storage cavity;
c: and (C) when the temperature of the fresh water in the water storage cavity is lower than the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel discharges the fresh water and reaches a set gap degree, discharging the fresh water in the water storage cavity, collecting the fresh water, and returning to the step (A).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: desalting seawater by using warm discharge water heat energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution; extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting component by using a mineral purifying component, and discharging the residual solution; the salt difference energy power generation assembly generates power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly and warm discharge water after temperature reduction, and transmits electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly. The invention utilizes seawater desalination to generate a large amount of strong brine, and provides a seawater mineral substance extraction technology (such as lithium and magnesium) and salt difference power generation coupling utilization. One part of the electric power generated by the salt difference energy power generation assembly is directly used by the mineral substance purification assembly, so that self-energy power supply is realized, and the expansion of power enterprises to the directions of power generation, water supply and resource utilization is promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a warm discharge seawater desalination system of a power station in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater desalination plant without phase change in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for utilizing warm discharge seawater desalination resources of a power station in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of desalination of sea water without phase change in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a desalination assembly; 1. a sea water pool; 2. a desalination mechanism; 21. an inner support; 22. an outer support; 23. a water storage cavity; 24. an accommodating chamber; 25. a semi-permeable membrane; 3. temperature-sensitive hydrogel; 4. a water changing mechanism; 41. a water storage tank; 42. a water exchange pipeline; 421. a water return pipeline; 422. a hot water supply line; 423. a first valve; 424. a second valve; 43. a heater; 44. a piston; 5. a thermal method concentration desalination mechanism; 51. an evaporation tank; 6. a mineral purification component; 7. a salt difference energy power generation assembly; 71. strong brine side; 72. the seawater side; 73. a semi-permeable membrane; 81. a pressure energy recoverer; 82. a crank-link mechanism.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a warm discharge seawater desalination system for a power station, comprising: a desalination component 10, a mineral purification component 6 and a salt difference energy power generation component 7.
The desalination assembly 10 is used for desalinating seawater by using warm discharge water heat energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution; the mineral purifying component 6 is used for extracting minerals from the concentrated liquid left by the desalting component 10 and discharging the residual liquid; the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 is used for generating power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly 6 and warm discharge water of a power station, and transmitting electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly 6.
When the seawater desalination system is used, the desalination component 10 is used for desalinating seawater by using warm discharge water heat energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution; extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting component 10 by using a mineral purifying component 6, and discharging the residual solution; the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 generates power by using residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly 6 and cooled warm discharge water, and transmits electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly 6. The invention utilizes seawater desalination to generate a large amount of strong brine, and provides a seawater mineral substance extraction technology (such as lithium and magnesium) and salt difference power generation coupling utilization. One part of the electric power generated by the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 is directly used by the mineral substance purification assembly 6, so that self-energy power supply is realized, and the expansion of electric power enterprises to the directions of power generation, water supply and resource utilization is promoted.
In this example, the brine difference power generation module 7 is used for generating power by using the residual liquid discharged from the mineral refining module 6 and the warm waste water of the power station, and the warm waste water of the power station may be low-concentration brine or fresh water.
In some alternative embodiments, the desalination assembly 10 includes at least one phase-change-free desalination unit for desalinating seawater using thermal energy of warm discharge water from a turbine of a power plant to obtain fresh water and a concentrate of a first concentration.
In the embodiment, the phase-change-free desalination device desalinates seawater by utilizing the heat energy of warm discharged water of a steam turbine of a power plant to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution with a first concentration, and takes the heat energy of the warm discharged water discharged by the power plant as the driving energy of seawater desalination, and the energy is originally discharged to the sea area to cause heat pollution of the sea area, and the heat source can be considered as 'zero cost' and environmental benefits can also be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, in some alternative embodiments, the phase-change-free desalination apparatus comprises: a desalination mechanism 2, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 and a water changing mechanism 4.
Wherein, at least one desalination mechanism 2, it is used for soaking in sea water, and each desalination mechanism 2 includes: inner support 21 and outer support 22. A water storage cavity 23 is formed on the inner side of the inner support 21, and a water through hole is formed in the inner support 21; the outer support 22 is provided with a water through hole and a semi-permeable membrane 25, and an accommodating cavity 24 is formed between the outer support and the inner support 21; the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 24, and the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 can absorb fresh water from the outer side of the outer support 22 through the semi-permeable membrane 25 when the temperature is lower than the first temperature and can discharge the fresh water to the water storage cavity 23 when the temperature is higher than the first temperature; the water changing mechanism 4 is communicated with the water storage cavity 23 and is used for discharging the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to the second temperature or the fresh water discharged by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a set gap degree, and enabling the water storage cavity 23 to suck the fresh water with the temperature higher than the second temperature when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water to a set saturation degree.
By arranging the water through holes and the semi-permeable membrane 25 on the outer support 22 and arranging the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 in the accommodating cavity 24 between the outer support 22 and the inner support 21, when the desalination mechanism 2 is soaked in seawater, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 can absorb fresh water from the outer side of the outer support 22 through the semi-permeable membrane 25 when the temperature is lower than the first temperature.
When the desalination mechanism 2 is used, the desalination mechanism is placed in seawater with the temperature lower than the first temperature, and the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 placed in the accommodating cavity 24 absorbs fresh water from the outer side of the outer support 22 through the semi-permeable membrane 25. Fresh water heated to a temperature higher than the second temperature is sucked into the water storage cavity 23, so that the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 discharges the fresh water into the water storage cavity 23, and the redundant fresh water can overflow out of the water storage cavity 23.
When the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to be lower than the second temperature or the fresh water discharged by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a set gap degree, the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged and collected, and when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water to a set saturation degree, the fresh water with the temperature higher than the second temperature is sucked into the water storage cavity 23, and the step is repeatedly executed, so that the fresh water can be continuously converted from the seawater. Unlike the complicated evaporating and condensing mode in hot sea water desalting process, the present invention adopts water sucking-water jetting structure without phase change and phase change process. Different from the membrane method high pressure driving reverse osmosis technology, the invention realizes the function of pumping fresh water from seawater by utilizing the strong suction force of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel at low temperature, and greatly reduces the pumping power consumption.
The temperature-sensitive material is generally internally provided with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the same time, when the external temperature changes, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic water balance in the material changes, which is macroscopically represented by the transformation of the water absorption and dehydration states of the material, so that the osmotic pressure of the temperature-sensitive material has the temperature-sensitive characteristic. For example, patent No. 109943002a, "a self-hygroscopic hydrogel, a method of making, and a method of thermal management based thereon," proposes a hydrogel of hygroscopic salt solution type.
In this embodiment, the transition temperature of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is set to 36 ℃, i.e., the first temperature in this embodiment, and the second temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature. Since the water discharge from the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is already slow when the second temperature is close to the first temperature, the water in the water storage chamber 23 can be discharged. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is transferred to a water absorption stage, and when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water to reach a set saturation degree, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is transferred to a water spitting stage. Generally, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 cannot be completely saturated with water or completely spit water, so that the utilization rate of the desalination mechanism 2 is reduced. Specifically, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches the degree of water absorption saturation and water discharge completion soon, and is determined by the properties of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3. When the temperature is lower than the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 discharges fresh water to reach the set gap degree and the set saturation degree, the adjustment time of water absorption and water discharge of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 can be adjusted according to the time corresponding to the test and the time in the early period.
In this example, the semi-permeable membrane 25 is a permselective membrane, which is disposed inside or outside the outer support 22 and allows only fresh water to pass through, while blocking salts. The inner support 21 and the outer support 22 are provided with microchannels, which are convenient for the transmission of seawater or fresh water.
In some alternative embodiments, the water changing mechanism 4 comprises: a water storage tank 41, a water change pipeline 42, a heater 43 and a piston 44.
Wherein, one end of the water changing pipeline 42 is communicated with the water storage tank 41, and the other end is connected with the end part of the water storage cavity 23; the heater 43 is arranged on the water exchange pipeline 42 and is used for heating the fresh water in the water exchange pipeline 42 to be higher than a second temperature by utilizing the heat energy of the warm discharged water of the steam turbine of the power plant; the piston 44 is disposed in the water storage cavity 23, and is used for sucking the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 into the heater 43 and heating the fresh water to be higher than the second temperature after the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to the second temperature or the fresh water discharged from the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a set gap degree.
In this embodiment, the water storage cavity 23 is a cylindrical cavity, and a piston 44 is disposed in the water storage cavity 23, and can be used for sucking the fresh water heated by the heater 43 to the temperature higher than the second temperature after the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged when the temperature of the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 discharges the fresh water to a predetermined gap degree. Wherein, the fresh water discharged from the water storage cavity 23 is discharged into the water storage tank 41 through the water change pipeline 42, and the water storage tank 41 can be communicated with a pipeline for residential water or industrial water to directly supply water to the outside; the heater 43 is arranged on the water exchange pipeline 42 to heat the fresh water in the water exchange pipeline 42 to be higher than the second temperature and then suck the fresh water into the water storage cavity 23, so that the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 can spit and absorb water at a proper temperature to finish the suction of the fresh water from the seawater.
In some alternative embodiments, the water change line 42 includes: a return line 421 and a hot water supply line 422.
Wherein, one end of the water return pipeline 421 is communicated with the water storage tank 41, the other end is communicated with the end of the water storage cavity 23, the water return pipeline 421 is provided with a first valve 423, the first valve 423 is opened when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged, and is closed when the fresh water heated to be higher than the second temperature is sucked; one end of the hot water supply pipeline 422 is communicated with the water storage tank 41, the other end of the hot water supply pipeline 422 is communicated with the end part of the water storage cavity 23 after being connected with the water return pipeline 421 in parallel, a second valve 424 is arranged on the hot water supply pipeline 422, the second valve 424 is closed when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged, and the second valve 424 is opened when the fresh water heated to be higher than the second temperature is sucked.
In this embodiment, one ends of the water return line 421 and the hot water supply line 422 are connected in parallel and then communicated with the water storage chamber 23, the other ends of the water return line 421 and the hot water supply line 422 are respectively communicated with the water storage tank 41, and in other embodiments, the other ends of the water return line 421 and the hot water supply line 422 are connected in parallel and then communicated with the water storage tank 41. By opening and closing the first valve 423 and the second valve 424 in cooperation with the operation of the piston 44, when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to the second temperature or the fresh water discharged from the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a set gap degree, the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged and collected, and then the fresh water is sucked into the heater 43 and heated to the temperature higher than the second temperature.
Specifically, when the fresh water in the water storage chamber 23 is discharged, the second valve 424 is closed and the first valve 423 is opened, so that the piston 44 moves rightward. When fresh water is sucked into the water storage chamber 23, the second valve 424 is opened and the first valve 423 is closed, so that the piston 44 moves leftward.
In some alternative embodiments, both the first valve 423 and the second valve 424 are electrically operated valves.
In this embodiment, the first valve 423 and the second valve 424 are both electrically operated valves, which can be remotely controlled, and the driving mechanism of the piston 44 is combined with a control system, so that the desalination apparatus without phase change can be automatically changed into fresh water.
In some alternative embodiments, the heater 43 includes a heating line that is wrapped around the hot water supply line 422. In this embodiment, the heating pipeline is wound around the hot water supply pipeline 422 to heat the fresh water in the hot water supply pipeline 422, so that the temperature of the fresh water in the hot water supply pipeline 422 is heated to be higher than the second temperature.
In some alternative embodiments, the heater 43 is a solar heater, a geothermal heater, an industrial flue gas heater, or an industrial hot drain heater. In this embodiment, the industrial hot drain water heater, specifically, the heat energy of the warm drain water of the turbine of the power plant, is transferred to the heating pipeline to form the heater 43, so that the industrial waste heat can be recovered, and the waste of energy is avoided.
In some alternative embodiments, the inner support 21 and the outer support 22 are both cylindrical and the two ends of the receiving chamber 24 are sealed. In this embodiment, the accommodation chamber 24 formed between the inner support 21 and the outer support 22 is sealed at both ends, and only the semi-permeable membrane 25 is disposed outside the outer support 22, which is more convenient.
In some alternative embodiments, the desalination plant further comprises a seawater pool 1 for holding seawater to soak the desalination mechanism 2. In this embodiment, the seawater pool 1 is installed conveniently, and the seawater can be managed, and under the condition of proper conditions, the desalination mechanism 2 can be directly immersed in the water storage space connected with the sea.
In some optional embodiments, the seawater desalination system further comprises a driving device connected to the piston 44, the driving device comprises a pressure energy recoverer 81 and a crank-link mechanism 82, the pressure energy recoverer 81 is used for recovering pressure energy of warm discharge water of a turbine of the power plant to drive the crank-link mechanism 82, and the crank-link mechanism 82 is used for driving the piston 44 to move in the water storage cavity 23. In other embodiments, the driving device may be a hydraulic telescopic cylinder.
In the embodiment, seawater desalination is carried out between the warm drainage water with the water head of 20m and the temperature of 42 ℃ of the warm drainage water of the turbine of the power plant and the seawater with the temperature of 30 ℃, the warm drainage water is cooled to be discharged at the temperature of 2 ℃, and the seawater is recycled. The transition temperature of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is designed to be 36 ℃.
In the embodiment, steam exhausted after power generation of the steam turbine is heated by the condenser to supply cold source seawater, the heated seawater is warm drainage, and the warm drainage is used as a driving energy source of the system, wherein the cold source seawater is extracted from the seawater by a self-owned pump of a power station. Warm discharge water of a steam turbine of a power plant is heated seawater after steam condensation.
In some optional embodiments, the desalination assembly further comprises a thermal concentration desalination mechanism 5, and the thermal concentration evaporation and concentration assembly is configured to evaporate a first concentration of the concentrate to obtain fresh water and provide a remaining second concentration of the concentrate to the mineral refining assembly 6.
In this embodiment, an evaporation tank 51 is further provided, which is used for extracting the first-stage concentrated solution desalinated by the non-phase-change desalination device from the seawater tank 1, a plurality of thermal method concentration desalination mechanisms 5 may also be provided in the evaporation tank 51, the lower parts of the thermal method concentration desalination mechanisms are directly communicated with seawater, the seawater is pumped to the evaporation side under the action of capillary force and then is transpired under the action of solar energy to generate steam, and the fresh water generated after the steam is cooled flows out; and the seawater which is not evaporated forms a second-stage concentrated solution in the concentration tank. The thermal method concentration desalination mechanism 5 further concentrates the first-stage concentrated solution by using a thermal method technology to obtain a second-stage concentrated solution with higher concentration.
In this embodiment, the input end of the mineral purifying assembly 6 is connected to the output end of the evaporation pool 51, the mineral purifying assembly 6 is a group of selective electro-adsorption ion exchangers, and the target ions are screened by an ion sieve to realize enrichment and concentration of the target ions. For example, when the object is to mentionIn the case of lithium, lambda-manganese oxide is selected as the electroadsorptive negative electrode material, silver is used as the positive electrode material, and lambda-MnO is present when a potential difference is applied2The negative pole adsorbent prepared by the method realizes the adsorption of lithium ions, and realizes the desorption of the lithium ions when the potential difference is released, and the solution after the desorption is high-power target ion concentrated solution, thereby finally achieving the aim of extracting lithium from seawater. The residual liquid which is not enriched is connected with the input end of the strong brine side 71 of the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7, the warm discharge water after temperature reduction is connected with the input end of the seawater side 72 of the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7, the strong brine side 71 and the seawater side 72 are separated through a semi-permeable membrane 73, and the output end of the strong brine side 71 and the output end of the seawater side 72 are collected for power generation and then discharged to the sea area.
In other embodiments, the mineral purification component 6 and the salt-difference energy generation component 7 can be arranged in the evaporation tank 51 in a centralized manner, and according to the concentration gradient and characteristics of the salinity difference formed in the evaporation tank 51, the upper floating layer is provided with the thermal-method concentration and desalination mechanism 5, the middle floating layer is provided with the mineral purification component 6, and the bottom layer is provided with the salt-difference energy generation component 7.
Part of the electric power generated by the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 is directly used by the mineral purification assembly 6, the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 is coupled with the mineral purification assembly 6, self-energy power supply is realized, and under the condition that other external electric energy is not consumed, useful minerals are extracted from concentrated seawater.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in another aspect, the present invention further provides a seawater desalination method, comprising the following steps:
s1: desalting seawater by using a desalting component to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution;
s2: extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting component by using a mineral purifying component 6, and discharging the residual solution;
s3: the salt difference energy power generation assembly 7 generates power by using residual liquid discharged by the mineral substance purification assembly 6 and warm discharge water of a power station, and transmits electric energy to the mineral substance purification assembly 6.
The method utilizes seawater desalination to generate a large amount of strong brine, and provides a seawater mineral substance extraction technology (such as magnesium and lithium) and salt difference power generation coupling utilization. One part of the electric power generated by the salt difference energy power generation assembly is directly used by the mineral substance purification assembly, so that self-energy power supply is realized, and the expansion of power enterprises to the directions of power generation, water supply and resource utilization is promoted.
In some optional embodiments, desalinating seawater to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution by using a desalination assembly specifically includes: desalting seawater by using a non-phase-change desalting device to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution with a first concentration; the concentrate of the first concentration is evaporated by the thermal evaporation concentration module to obtain fresh water, and the remaining concentrate of the second concentration is provided to the mineral purification module 6.
In this embodiment, by using the two-stage desalination technology, the desalination efficiency of the two desalination technologies can be reasonably utilized, the desalination rate can be increased, a lot of fresh water can be obtained from the same seawater, and the mineral extraction rate can also be increased in the mineral extraction stage.
As shown in fig. 4, in some optional embodiments, desalinating seawater by using a phase-change-free desalination apparatus to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution with a first concentration includes:
a: fresh water filtered by the semi-permeable membrane 25 is absorbed by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 in the seawater at the temperature lower than the first temperature.
In this embodiment, the desalination means 2 is placed in a pool of seawater 1, wherein the temperature of the seawater is lower than the first temperature.
B: when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water to a set saturation degree, inputting fresh water with a temperature higher than a second temperature into the water storage cavity 23 so as to discharge the fresh water in the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 to the water storage cavity 23;
c: and when the temperature of the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is lower than the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 discharges the fresh water and reaches a set gap degree, discharging the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23, collecting the fresh water, and returning to the step A.
In the present embodiment, fresh water filtered by the semi-permeable membrane 25 is absorbed by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 located in the seawater at the temperature lower than the first temperature; when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water to a set saturation degree, the water storage cavity 23 absorbs fresh water with the temperature higher than the second temperature so as to discharge the fresh water in the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 to the water storage cavity 23, when the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is reduced to be lower than the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 discharges the fresh water and reaches a set gap degree, the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is discharged and collected, the steps are repeatedly executed, and the fresh water can be continuously converted from the seawater. Different from the complicated evaporation and condensation mode in the hot seawater desalination process, the invention adopts a water absorption-water discharge structure without phase change and a phase change process. Different from the membrane method high pressure driving reverse osmosis technology, the invention realizes the function of pumping fresh water from seawater by utilizing the strong suction force of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel at low temperature, and greatly reduces the pumping power consumption.
The temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a set gap degree after discharging fresh water, namely the drainage capacity of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 reaches a certain degree, the drainage capacity is very small, in order to improve the efficiency, the gap degree can be set to a proper range, the time for water absorption to reach saturation at a specific temperature and the time for drainage to reach the set gap degree can be determined through experiments, and the water absorption and drainage processes are controlled through the time.
In the embodiment, the phase-change-free seawater desalination mechanism and the phase-change-free seawater desalination method realize seawater desalination between the industrial waste hot water at 60 ℃ and the seawater at 20 ℃.
And (3) water absorption process: first valve 423 open and second valve 424 closed; the piston 44 is stroked to the rightmost side in the drawing, and the fresh water in the water storage cavity 23 is pressed into the water storage tank 41; influenced by the temperature of the seawater pool 1 being only 20 ℃, the temperature of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is reduced from 60 ℃, when the temperature of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is lower than 36 ℃, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel shows water absorption characteristics, and the lower the temperature, the stronger the water absorption capacity is; the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 absorbs water from seawater through the outer support 22 and the semi-permeable membrane 25, and when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is absorbed in a saturated state (determined by time), the first valve 423 is closed and the second valve 424 is opened;
the water spouting process: the first valve 423 is closed and the second valve 424 is opened, the piston 44 returns to the right side in the figure, the fresh water in the water storage tank 41 passes through the heater 43, then the temperature is raised to 60 ℃, and then the fresh water is sucked into the water storage cavity 23; when the temperature of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 is higher than 36 ℃, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel shows a water spitting characteristic and has stronger water spitting capacity when the temperature is higher, under the influence of filling fresh water into the water storage cavity 23 at 60 ℃; the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 spouts water into the water storage cavity 23 through the inner support 21. When the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 3 spits water to an equilibrium state (judged by time), the first valve 423 is opened and the second valve 424 is closed; namely a cycle, and realizes the seawater desalination process.
In summary, the following steps: the waste heat of warm drainage is transferred to circulating fresh water through warm drainage of a power plant, and distilled water is obtained in an incremental manner while heat is taken from the warm drainage by utilizing the mechanism and the characteristics of low-temperature water absorption and high-temperature water release of temperature-sensitive hydrogel, and a first-stage concentrated solution is generated; adopting a capillary transpiration technology to further concentrate the first-stage concentrated solution to produce a second-stage concentrated solution, and condensing steam of transpiration water into fresh water; the enrichment of high value-added ions in the concentrated water is realized through a salt difference power generation and electrode selective adsorption technology. Kinetic energy and heat energy in warm drainage are fully utilized, seawater desalination is driven, and meanwhile the influence of electric power enterprises on surrounding sea areas is reduced. The engineering application of the technology widens the ideas of energy conservation, emission reduction, cost reduction and efficiency improvement of the coal-fired power plant, particularly forms a new technology for seawater temperature exhaust water thermal pollution treatment and resource comprehensive utilization, and has important significance for promoting the clean and diversified development of coal-fired power generation enterprises.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A warm discharge seawater desalination system of power station, characterized by comprising:
a desalination assembly (10) for desalinating seawater using warm discharge thermal energy of a power station to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution;
a mineral purification assembly (6) for extracting minerals from the concentrate left behind by the desalination assembly and discharging the remaining residual liquid;
and the salt difference energy power generation assembly (7) is used for generating power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral purification assembly (6) and warm drainage water of a power station and transmitting electric energy to the mineral purification assembly (6).
2. A plant warm discharge seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the desalination assembly (10) comprises at least one phase-change-free desalination unit for desalinating seawater using thermal energy of the plant warm discharge to obtain fresh water and a concentrate of a first concentration.
3. The power station warm discharge seawater desalination system of claim 2, wherein the phase-change-free desalination plant comprises:
at least one desalination means (2) for immersion in seawater, each said desalination means (2) comprising:
-an inner support (21) forming a water storage cavity (23) on the inner side, the inner support (21) being provided with water through holes;
-an outer support (22) provided with water holes and a semi-permeable membrane (25) and forming a containing cavity (24) with the inner support (21) on the outer support (22);
the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (24), and the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) can absorb fresh water from the outer side of the outer support (22) through the semi-permeable membrane (25) when the temperature is lower than a first temperature and can discharge the fresh water to the water storage cavity (23) when the temperature is higher than the first temperature;
trade water mechanism (4), its with water storage chamber (23) intercommunication for when fresh water in the water storage chamber (23) reduces to second temperature or temperature sensitive aquogel (3) discharge fresh water after reach and set for the gap degree, will fresh water in the water storage chamber (23) is discharged and is collected, and when temperature sensitive aquogel (3) absorb water to setting for the saturation degree, make water storage chamber (23) inhale the fresh water that is greater than the second temperature.
4. A plant warm discharge seawater desalination system according to claim 3, characterized in that the water change mechanism (4) comprises:
a water storage tank (41);
one end of the water changing pipeline (42) is communicated with the water storage tank (41), and the other end of the water changing pipeline is connected with the end part of the water storage cavity (23);
the heater (43) is arranged on the water exchange pipeline (42) and is used for heating the fresh water in the water exchange pipeline (42) to be higher than a second temperature by utilizing the heat energy of the warm discharged water of the steam turbine of the power plant;
the piston (44) is arranged in the water storage cavity (23) and used for discharging the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) when the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) is reduced to a second temperature or the fresh water discharged by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) reaches a set gap degree, and collecting the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23), and enabling the water storage cavity (23) to suck the fresh water at the second temperature when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) absorbs water to a set saturation degree.
5. A plant warm discharge seawater desalination system according to claim 4, characterized in that the water exchange line (42) comprises:
a water return pipeline (421), one end of which is communicated with the water storage tank (41), the other end of which is communicated with the end of the water storage cavity (23), wherein a first valve (423) is arranged on the water return pipeline (421), and the first valve (423) is opened when the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) is discharged and is closed when the fresh water heated to be higher than the second temperature is sucked;
one end of the hot water supply pipeline (422) is communicated with the water storage tank (41), the other end of the hot water supply pipeline is communicated with the end part of the water storage cavity (23) after being connected with the water return pipeline (421) in parallel, a second valve (424) is arranged on the hot water supply pipeline (422), and the second valve (424) is closed when the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) is discharged and is opened when the fresh water with the temperature higher than the second temperature is sucked and heated.
6. The power plant warm discharge seawater desalination system of claim 4, further comprising a driving device connected with the piston (44), wherein the driving device comprises a pressure energy recoverer (81) and a crank link mechanism (82), the pressure energy recoverer (81) is used for recovering pressure energy of turbine warm discharge water of a power plant to drive the crank link mechanism (82), and the crank link mechanism (82) is used for driving the piston (44) to move in the water storage cavity (23).
7. A plant warm discharge seawater desalination system according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that the desalination module further comprises a thermal concentration desalination means (5) for obtaining fresh water by evaporation of a concentrate of a first concentration and for providing the remaining concentrate of a second concentration to the mineral purification module (6).
8. A power station warm discharge seawater desalination resource utilization method is characterized by being implemented by the seawater power station warm discharge seawater desalination system of claim 1, and comprising the following steps of:
desalinating seawater by using a desalination assembly (10) to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution;
extracting minerals from the concentrated solution left by the desalting component by using a mineral purifying component (6), and discharging the residual solution;
and the salt difference energy power generation assembly (7) generates power by utilizing residual liquid discharged by the mineral purification assembly (6) and cooled warm discharge water, and transmits electric energy to the mineral purification assembly (6).
9. The power station warm discharge seawater desalination resource utilization method of claim 8, wherein the desalination component is used for desalinating seawater to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
desalting seawater by using a non-phase-change desalting device to obtain fresh water and concentrated solution with a first concentration;
and obtaining fresh water by evaporation of the concentrate with the first concentration through the thermal evaporation concentration component, and providing the concentrate with the remaining second concentration to the mineral purification component (6).
10. The power station warm discharge seawater desalination resource utilization method of claim 9, wherein the desalination of seawater by a non-phase-change desalination device to obtain fresh water and a concentrated solution of a first concentration comprises:
a: fresh water filtered by a semi-permeable membrane (25) is sucked by using a temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) in seawater at a temperature lower than a first temperature;
b: when the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) absorbs water to a set saturation degree, inputting fresh water with the temperature higher than a second temperature into the water storage cavity (23) so as to discharge the fresh water in the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) to the water storage cavity (23);
c: and when the temperature of the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) is lower than the second temperature or the temperature-sensitive hydrogel (3) reaches a set gap degree after the fresh water is discharged, discharging the fresh water in the water storage cavity (23) and collecting the fresh water, and returning to the step A.
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