CN113231703B - Self-adaptive tool cathode and complex internal channel electrolytic finishing method - Google Patents
Self-adaptive tool cathode and complex internal channel electrolytic finishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113231703B CN113231703B CN202110334098.4A CN202110334098A CN113231703B CN 113231703 B CN113231703 B CN 113231703B CN 202110334098 A CN202110334098 A CN 202110334098A CN 113231703 B CN113231703 B CN 113231703B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-adaptive tool cathode and a complex inner channel electrolytic finishing processing method, and belongs to the technical field of special processing. The self-adaptive tool cathode is composed of a wear-resistant nylon bag, a positioning steel ball, a positioning screw, a self-adaptive steel ball, a tightening ring and a conductive column. The self-adaptive steel ball and the positioning steel ball are sealed in the cloth bag by the tightening hoop to form a hierarchical granary-shaped tool cathode with a cylindrical lower part and a conical upper part. The self-adaptive steel ball can roll in the closed nylon bag to self-adapt to the change of the section of the inner channel. The conductive column is fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool through the conductive flexible shaft, and the flexible cathode is axially and reciprocally fed in the inner channel under the driving of the main shaft, so that the electrolytic finishing processing of the complex inner channel is completed. The novel self-adaptive tool has good cathode flexibility, can self-adapt to any constant cross section and various variable cross section complex inner channels such as round, rectangular and rhombic channels, improves the accessibility of electrolytic machining, and realizes the electrolytic finishing machining of the complex inner channels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-adaptive tool cathode and a complex inner channel electrolytic finishing processing method, belonging to the technical field of special processing.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing technology can realize the forming of a metal complex component and the intensification of a plurality of parts, the product performance is completely taken as the guide to carry out structure remodeling on the complex structural component, the design is more free, the metal additive manufacturing technology is integrally formed, and the metal additive manufacturing technology is applied to the manufacturing of key complex and high-performance metal parts in the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment, hydraulic pressure, mold manufacturing and the like. For example, the american space agency (us) machined GRCo-84 copper alloy engine combustors in 2015 using additive manufacturing techniques, with 200 complex channels between the inner and outer walls, which are three-dimensional, shaped twisted structures of varying cross-section.
The existing metal additive manufacturing technology can realize the forming and manufacturing of the inner channel with the constant cross section such as a circle, a rectangle, a rhombus and the like, and the inner channel with the variable cross section, the cross section of which changes along with the axial direction of the inner channel, and the axis of the inner channel can also be a curved track. However, the surfaces of these complex additive manufacturing inner channel parts are adhered with a large amount of incompletely melted powder, slag particles and spheroidizing effect, and meanwhile, fusion between layers is poor and has steps, so that the surface roughness of the metal parts is high, and the design requirements of parts cannot be met. Therefore, the complex inner channel of the metal additive manufacturing component can exert the due performance to the maximum extent only after being subjected to finishing treatment. The main finishing technologies at the present stage include mechanical polishing, magnetic polishing, abrasive flow, laser finishing and the like, which can basically meet the requirements for simple channels, but have great defects for variable cross-section channels, thin-wall component channels, complex curved channels and the like, and are easy to have the phenomena of uneven removal amount, damaged inner channel wall surfaces and the like.
The electrolytic finishing processing has the characteristics of high processing efficiency, no loss of tool electrodes, no stress in processing, good surface integrity and the like, and the electrolytic processing is non-contact processing and is not limited by the shape and the motion form of a tool cathode. Therefore, the cathode form and the motion mode of the tool are innovatively designed, the accessibility and the flexibility of the cathode of the tool are improved, and the finishing processing of the complex internal channel of the metal additive manufacturing component can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the surface quality of the inner channel of the metal additive manufacturing component, the invention provides a self-adaptive tool cathode and a complex inner channel electrolytic polishing processing method.
A self-adaptive tool cathode comprises a wear-resistant nylon cloth bag, a positioning steel ball, a self-adaptive steel ball, a tightening ring and a conductive column;
the positioning steel ball is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the nylon cloth bag, the self-adaptive steel balls are tightly stacked around the positioning steel ball, the lower end of the conductive column is fixedly connected with the upper part of the positioning steel ball through threads,
the tightening hoop seals the wear-resistant nylon cloth bag along the circumference of the conductive column, and simultaneously, the positioning steel balls and the self-adaptive steel balls are tightly tightened in a sealing manner to form a graded barn-shaped tool cathode with a cylindrical lower part and a conical upper part.
The method for machining the complex inner channel by using the cathode electrolytic polishing of the self-adaptive tool comprises the following steps of:
1) the complex inner channel workpiece is fixedly arranged on a machine tool workbench through a clamp, and the adaptive tool cathode is arranged in the inner channel workpiece and accurately positioned and arranged in a region to be processed of the workpiece;
2) the self-adaptive steel ball can roll in the wear-resistant nylon cloth bag, the position of the tightening ring is adjusted up and down along the axial direction of the conductive column, and a tool cathode with the same shape as the cross section of the inner channel is formed in a self-adaptive mode;
3) connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with a first machine tool main shaft through a first conductive flexible shaft above the cathode, connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with a second machine tool main shaft through a second conductive flexible shaft below the cathode, and adjusting the positions of the first machine tool main shaft and the second machine tool main shaft and an inner channel workpiece so that the first conductive flexible shaft and the second conductive flexible shaft have certain pre-tensioning force;
4) connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with the cathode of a power supply, and connecting the workpiece of the processed inner channel with the anode of the power supply;
5) the electrolyte supply system is opened, the power supply is switched on, the first machine tool main shaft and the second machine tool main shaft drive the cathode of the self-adaptive tool to reciprocate through the first conductive flexible shaft and the second conductive flexible shaft, and the electrolytic finishing processing of the complex inner channel is realized;
6) and after a period of time of processing, stopping processing when the surface roughness of the workpiece of the inner channel meets the processing requirement.
The diameter of the positioning steel ball is half of the minimum cross-sectional dimension of the inner channel workpiece.
The positioning steel ball is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the nylon cloth bag and is fixedly connected with the nylon cloth bag through insulating glue and a plastic positioning screw.
The self-adaptive steel balls are stainless steel equal-diameter small balls with more than two diameter specifications. The small balls with the same diameter below are tightly stacked around the positioning steel balls at the bottom of the cloth bag, tightly attached to the outer surfaces of the positioning steel balls under the restraint of the cloth bag and stacked into a cylinder, and the height of the cylinder is generally 3-5 mm. The upper self-adaptive steel ball is tightly attached to the positioning steel ball and the conductive column, and the number of the upper self-adaptive steel ball, the positioning steel ball and the conductive column is gradually reduced along with the increase of the height, so that a cone with a large lower part volume and a small upper part volume is formed.
The position of the tightening ring can be adjusted up and down along the axial direction of the conductive column, and the volume of the tool cathode is changed by adjusting the position of the tightening ring so as to adapt to the change of the section along the axial direction.
The non-return self-locking nylon rolling belt for tightening has the characteristics of softness, good toughness, quick tightening, good insulativity, self-locking fastening and the like.
The lower end of the conductive column is fixedly connected with the positioning steel ball through threads, and a plurality of radial grooves are formed in the middle of the conductive column, so that the tight-hooping position can be conveniently sealed and adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematic of an adaptive tool cathode
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inner channel of the cathode electrolytic finishing process of the adaptive tool
FIG. 3 is a cross section of various internal channels machined by the cathode of the adaptive tool
FIG. 4 shows the cathode of the adaptive tool machining a complex curved inner channel
The number designations in the figures are: 1. a wear-resistant nylon cloth bag; 2. positioning a steel ball; 3. a set screw; 4. self-adaptive steel balls; 5. tightening; 6. a conductive post; 7. a first conductive flexible shaft; 8. a first machine tool spindle; 9. a power source; 10. an inner channel workpiece; 11. a clamp; 12. a machine tool table; 13. a second conductive flexible shaft; 14. a second machine tool spindle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the specific drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the cathode of the self-adaptive tool provided by the invention comprises a wear-resistant nylon cloth bag 1, a positioning steel ball 2 and a positioning screw 3; a self-adaptive steel ball 4; a tightening hoop 5; and a conductive post 6. The positioning steel ball 2 is placed in the middle of the bottom of the nylon cloth bag 1 and is fixedly connected with the nylon cloth bag through the insulating glue and the plastic positioning screw 3; the lower self-adaptive steel balls 4 are tightly stacked around the positioning steel balls at the bottom of the cloth bag, tightly attached to the outer surfaces of the positioning steel balls under the restraint of the cloth bag and stacked into a cylinder, and the height of the cylinder is generally 3-5 mm; the number of the upper self-adaptive steel balls is gradually reduced along with the increase of the height, so that a cone with a large lower volume and a small upper volume is formed; the lower end of the conductive column 6 is fixedly connected with the positioning steel ball 2 through threads, and finally the nylon cloth bag 1 is sealed by the non-return self-locking type tightening hoop 5 along the circumference of the conductive column 6.
As shown in FIG. 2, the method for machining the inner channel with the complicated cross section by the cathode electrolytic polishing of the adaptive tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the complex inner channel workpiece 10 is fixedly arranged on a machine tool workbench 12 through a clamp 11, a tool cathode is arranged in the inner channel workpiece 10, and the complex inner channel workpiece is accurately positioned and arranged on a to-be-machined area of the workpiece;
2) adjusting the position of the tightening hoop 5 to ensure that the volume of the tool cathode is matched with the section of the inner channel 10;
3) connecting the cathode of the tool with machine tool spindles 8 and 14 through conductive flexible shafts 7 and 13 respectively, and adjusting the positions of the machine tool spindles 8 and 14 and an inner channel workpiece 10 to enable the two conductive flexible shafts 7 and 13 to have certain pre-tensioning force;
4) connecting the cathode of the tool with the cathode of a power supply 9, and connecting the processed inner channel workpiece 10 with the anode of the power supply 9;
5) the electrolyte supply system is opened, the power supply 9 is switched on, the machine tool main shafts 8 and 14 drive the tool cathode to reciprocate through the conductive flexible shafts 7 and 13, and the electrolytic finishing processing of the complex inner channel is realized;
6) after a period of time of processing, when the surface roughness of the inner channel workpiece 9 meets the processing requirement, the processing is stopped.
As shown in FIG. 3, the tiny steel balls in the cathode of the self-adaptive tool provided by the invention can freely roll in the flexible wear-resistant nylon cloth bag, and can be self-adaptive to inner channels with various cross sections, thereby not only realizing the finishing of the inner channels with any constant cross section such as a round cross section, a rectangular cross section and a rhombic cross section, but also realizing the finishing of the inner channels with a curve as shown in FIG. 4.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive tool cathode, comprising:
comprises a wear-resistant nylon cloth bag (1), a positioning steel ball (2), a self-adaptive steel ball (4), a tightening ring (5) and a conductive column (6);
the positioning steel balls (2) are arranged in the middle of the bottom of the nylon cloth bag (1), the self-adaptive steel balls (4) are tightly stacked around the positioning steel balls (2), and the lower end of the conductive column (6) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the positioning steel balls (2) through threads;
the tightening hoop (5) seals the wear-resistant nylon cloth bag (1) along the circumference of the conductive column (6), and simultaneously, the positioning steel balls (2) and the self-adaptive steel balls (4) are tightened in a sealing manner to form a hierarchical granary-shaped tool cathode with a cylindrical lower part and a conical upper part.
2. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the diameter of the positioning steel ball (2) is half of the minimum cross-sectional dimension of the inner channel workpiece (10).
3. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the positioning steel ball (2) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the nylon cloth bag (1) through insulating glue and a plastic positioning screw (3).
4. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the self-adaptive steel balls (4) are stainless steel equal-diameter small balls with more than two diameter specifications.
5. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the height of the cylinder formed by the self-adaptive steel balls (4) is generally 3-5 mm.
6. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the position of the tightening hoop (5) can be adjusted up and down along the axial direction of the conductive post (6), and the volume of the tool cathode is changed by adjusting the position of the tightening hoop (5) so as to adapt to the change of the section along the axial direction.
7. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the tightening hoop (5) is a backward self-locking nylon rolling belt.
8. The adaptive tool cathode according to claim 1, wherein:
the lower end of the conductive column (6) is fixedly connected with the positioning steel ball (2) through threads, and a plurality of radial grooves are formed in the middle of the conductive column, so that the tight-hooping position can be conveniently sealed and adjusted.
9. The method for machining the complex inner channel by using the cathode electrolytic polishing of the adaptive tool as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following processes:
1) the complex inner channel workpiece (10) is fixedly arranged on a machine tool workbench (12) through a clamp (11), the adaptive tool cathode is arranged in the inner channel workpiece (10), and the adaptive tool cathode is accurately positioned and arranged in a region to be machined of the workpiece;
2) the self-adaptive steel balls (4) can roll in the wear-resistant nylon cloth bag (1), the position of the tightening ring (5) is adjusted up and down along the axial direction of the conductive column, and a tool cathode with the same shape as the cross section of the inner channel is formed in a self-adaptive mode;
3) connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with a first machine tool spindle (8) through a first conductive flexible shaft (7) above, connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with a second machine tool spindle (14) through a second conductive flexible shaft (13) below, and adjusting the positions of the first machine tool spindle (8), the second machine tool spindle (14) and an inner channel workpiece (10) to enable the first conductive flexible shaft (7) and the second conductive flexible shaft (13) to have certain pre-tensioning force;
4) connecting the cathode of the self-adaptive tool with the cathode of a power supply (9), and connecting the processed inner channel workpiece (10) with the anode of the power supply (9);
5) the electrolyte supply system is opened, the power supply (9) is switched on, the first machine tool spindle (8) and the second machine tool spindle (14) drive the cathode of the self-adaptive tool to reciprocate through the first conductive flexible shaft (7) and the second conductive flexible shaft (13), and the electrolytic finishing processing of the complex inner channel is realized;
6) and after a period of time of processing, stopping processing when the surface roughness of the inner channel workpiece (10) meets the processing requirement.
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| CN202110334098.4A CN113231703B (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Self-adaptive tool cathode and complex internal channel electrolytic finishing method |
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| CN202110334098.4A CN113231703B (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Self-adaptive tool cathode and complex internal channel electrolytic finishing method |
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| CN114921843B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-09-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrochemical polishing method for snake-shaped flexible cathode and inner channel |
| CN114959864B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2024-02-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Flexible torsion cathode and electrochemical polishing method for complex inner channel thereof |
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| SU404598A1 (en) * | 1972-04-28 | 1973-10-22 | Институт прикладной физики Молдавской ССР | METHOD OF ELECTROCHEMICAL FIRMING OF HOLES |
| SU657946A1 (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1979-04-25 | Всесоюзный Заочный Политехнический Институт | Electrochemical piercing method |
| CN106552975B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2019-01-01 | 通用电气公司 | Machining tool and system of processing |
| CN108637412B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-10-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Towed compliant tool cathode and inner passage electrolytically and mechanically finishing method |
| CN112077402A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrolytic tool electrode and electrolytic finishing method for internal channel of workpiece by using same |
| CN112170995B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-10-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Flexible line electrode assembly and method for composite polishing of inner surface of micro metal runner |
| CN112276265B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-10-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Complex inner channel reciprocating motion electrolytic grinding composite processing method |
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