CN113224491A - Miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure - Google Patents
Miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于非等宽三线耦合结构的小型化宽带四路滤波功分器，包括：非等宽三线耦合结构、终端开路阶梯阻抗枝节、跨接电阻、输入/输出端口；非等宽三线耦合结构包括第一非等宽三线耦合结构和第二非等宽三线耦合结构；第一非等宽三线耦合结构和第二非等宽三线耦合结构的电路尺寸相同；终端开路阶梯阻抗枝节包括第一阶梯阻抗枝节和第二阶梯阻抗枝节；第一阶梯阻抗枝节和第二阶梯阻抗枝节的电路尺寸相同；所述跨接电阻包括第一跨接电阻、第二跨接电阻和第三跨接电阻；所述第一跨接电阻与第二跨接电阻的阻值相同；本发明提供的小型化四路宽带滤波功分器，具有滤波响应、工作频带宽、阻带抑制、多路输出、尺寸小、低成本的特点。
The invention discloses a miniaturized broadband four-channel filter power divider based on a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, comprising: a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, a terminal open-circuit ladder impedance branch, a jumper resistance, and an input/output port; The wide three-wire coupling structure includes a first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure and a second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure; the circuit dimensions of the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure and the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure are the same; Including a first ladder impedance branch and a second ladder impedance branch; the circuit size of the first ladder impedance branch and the second ladder impedance branch is the same; the jumping resistance includes a first jumping resistance, a second jumping resistance and a third jumping resistance The resistance value of the first cross-connect resistance is the same as that of the second cross-connect resistance; the miniaturized four-way broadband filter power divider provided by the present invention has filter response, working frequency bandwidth, stop-band suppression, and multi-channel output. , Small size and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of filtering power dividers, in particular to a miniaturized broadband four-path filtering power divider based on a non-equal-width three-line coupling structure.
Background
Under the era background of high demand of modern informatization, the wireless communication technology is rapidly developed. The development trend of communication technology with large capacity, high transmission rate, low cost and high performance also brings higher challenges and stricter requirements to the research and design of radio frequency microwave circuits. Therefore, the high-performance microwave passive device with broadband, miniaturization and low cost has great engineering application values such as necessity and practicability.
A power divider, called a power divider for short, is an important multi-port device. Its main function is to divide the input signal into two or more paths of signals according to a certain proportion and output them. Power splitters are widely used in various parts of wireless transceiving systems, such as in antenna feed systems, high power transmission systems, and in phase shifters, mixers, etc. The conventional planar multi-path power divider usually adopts a multi-stage transmission line connection mode for port expansion, and the common mode is to divide an input signal into two paths of signals for output, divide each path of output signal into two paths of signals for output, and so on to realize multi-port output signals. However, the design method is often large in size and narrow in bandwidth. The traditional method for realizing the broadband power division effect is to adopt a plurality of stages of impedance transformation lines matched with a plurality of isolation resistors, so that the broadband width can be expanded infinitely theoretically, and when the bandwidth is expanded to a certain degree, the volume of the power divider is overlarge.
In order to realize the broadband filtering function, K Song, Q Xue and the like realize an ultra-wideband filtering power divider by utilizing a multi-layer board microstrip line slot line coupling structure. The filter power divider has small size and ultra-wideband response. He Zhu et al designs a compact broadband four-way filtering power divider by introducing a ring-shaped coupling line and loading a short-circuit coupling line at an input end, and introduces a plurality of transmission zeros for inhibiting a stop band by the short-circuit parallel coupling line, so that the selectivity of the stop band inhibition and the pass band is improved. Gang Zhang et al realizes the dual functions of filtering and power division by introducing a multimode resonator, and realizes good isolation and passband selectivity.
Although the prior art realizes the design of a broadband filtering function, part of the prior art has the characteristics of large size and difficulty in realizing multi-path transmission simultaneously. Therefore, a power divider with filtering characteristics, wide operating frequency band, multiple outputs and small volume is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems existing in the prior art, the invention discloses a miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, which comprises: the circuit comprises a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, an open-ended stepped impedance stub, a cross-over resistor and an input/output port;
further, the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure comprises a first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure and a second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure; the circuit size of the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure is the same as that of the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure; the terminal open-circuit stepped impedance branch comprises a first stepped impedance branch and a second stepped impedance branch; the first stepped impedance branch and the second stepped impedance branch have the same circuit size; the bridging resistor comprises a first bridging resistor, a second bridging resistor and a third bridging resistor; the first bridging resistor and the second bridging resistor have the same resistance value; the first bridging resistor and the third bridging resistor have different resistance values; the input/output ports comprise an input port, a first output port, a second output port, a third output port and a fourth output port;
further, the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure comprises a first coupling wire, a second coupling wire and a third coupling wire; the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure comprises a fourth coupling wire, a fifth coupling wire and a sixth coupling wire; the first coupling line is the same as the third coupling line, the fourth coupling line and the sixth coupling line in size; the sizes of the second coupling line and the fifth coupling line are the same; the first coupling line and the second coupling line are different in size.
Further, the first ladder impedance stub comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line; the second stepped impedance branch node comprises a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line; the first transmission line and the third transmission line are the same in size, and the second transmission line and the fourth transmission line are the same in size.
Furthermore, the input port is connected with the lower end of the first transmission line, the upper end of the first transmission line is connected with the left end of the second transmission line, and the right end of the second transmission line is open-circuited.
Furthermore, the input port is connected with the upper end of a third transmission line, the lower end of the third transmission line is connected with the left end of a fourth transmission line, and the right end of the fourth transmission line is open-circuited.
Furthermore, the input port is connected with the left end of the second coupling line, and the right end of the second coupling line is connected with the upper end of the third crossover resistor. The input port is connected with the left end of the fifth coupling line, and the right end of the fifth coupling line is connected with the lower end of the third bridging resistor.
Furthermore, the left end of the first coupling line is connected with the upper end of the first crossover resistor, and the right end of the first coupling line is connected with the first output port; the left end of the third coupling line is connected with the lower end of the first crossover resistor, and the right end of the third coupling line is connected with the second output port;
furthermore, the left end of the fourth coupling line is connected with the upper end of the second cross-over resistor, and the right end of the fourth coupling line is connected with the third output port; the left end of the sixth coupling line is connected with the lower end of the second bridging resistor, and the right end of the sixth coupling line is connected with the fourth output port;
further, let Zs1Is the characteristic impedance, Z, of the first transmission line and the third transmission lines2Is the characteristic impedance of the second transmission line and the fourth transmission line; theta is the electrical length of the first and second unequal-width three-wire coupling structures1Is the electrical length of the first and third transmission lines, θ2Is the electrical length, R, of the second transmission line and the fourth transmission line1Is the resistance value of the first and second bridge resistors, R2Is the resistance value of the third bridge resistance; zsRepresenting the matched impedance of the input port, ZLThe impedance matching device represents the matched impedance of the first output port, the second output port, the third output port and the fourth output port; the parity-mode analysis method has the following S parameter formula:
wherein
Resistance R1、R2The solving formula of (2) is as follows:
in the above formula, Zins、Z11、Z14、Z41、Z44、Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5、Z6And Z7Is an intermediate variable expressed as follows
K is an adjustable coefficient, and 0<K<1, parameter of
Representing the odd-even mode impedance of the asymmetric parallel coupling line formed by the first coupling line and the second coupling line; wherein the upper subscript a represents the first coupled line and b represents the second coupled line; and satisfy the conditions
Further, the first transmission line and the third transmission line are high impedance transmission lines, and the impedance value Z iss1Greater than 120 Ω; the second transmission line and the fourth transmission line are low-impedance transmission lines with impedance value Zs2Less than 50 Ω;
further, the electrical length theta of the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure is equal to pi/2 at the central frequency; electrical length theta of first transmission line1And the electrical length theta of the second transmission line2Both at the center frequency are pi/2;
further, the resistance values of the first bridging resistor and the second bridging resistor are both smaller than 200 Ω; the third bridging resistance value is greater than 400 omega; the first coupling line is wider than the second coupling line, and the line width ratio of the first coupling line to the second coupling line is larger than 10: 1.
The broadband power distribution system can realize the function of broadband power distribution, and has the advantages of filter response, simple structure, small size and the like; the selectivity of a passband can be adjusted by introducing a terminal open-circuit stepped impedance stub, so that wider stop band suppression is realized; meanwhile, the adoption of a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure can realize simultaneous output of multiple ports in a plane and further reduce the circuit size of the power divider. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure has the advantages of small volume, wide frequency band and good application in a radio frequency circuit, and is favorable for being widely popularized in a low-cost multi-application wireless communication system.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a miniaturized wideband four-way filter power divider based on a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structure diagram of an even-even mode equivalent circuit under the odd-even mode analysis of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an even-odd mode equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an odd-even mode equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the invention under the odd-even mode analysis;
FIG. 5 is a structure diagram of an odd-odd equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filter power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of return loss and insertion loss S parameter when a signal is input from an input port in the miniaturized wideband four-way filter power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is an S-parameter curve diagram of return loss of an output port of the miniaturized wideband four-way filtering power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of an isolation S parameter between output ports of the miniaturized wideband four-way filter power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention;
in the figure: 11. the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 111, the first coupling line 112, the second coupling line 113, the third coupling line 12, the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 121, the fourth coupling line 122, the fifth coupling line 123, the sixth coupling line 21, the first stepped impedance stub 211, the first transmission line 212, the second transmission line 22, the second stepped impedance stub 221, the third transmission line 222, the fourth transmission line 31, the first crossover resistor 32, the second crossover resistor 33, the third crossover resistor 41, the input port 42, the first output port 43, the second output port 44, the third output port 45, and the fourth output port.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that this description is intended for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized wideband four-way filtering power divider based on a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure according to the present invention, where the wideband filtering power divider of the present embodiment may include;
the invention relates to a miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, which comprises a non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure 1, an open-ended stepped impedance branch 2, a bridging resistor 3 and an input/output port 4. The unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 1 comprises a first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 11 and a second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 12; the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 11 and the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 12 have the same circuit size; the terminal open-circuit stepped impedance branch 2 comprises a first stepped impedance branch 21 and a second stepped impedance branch 22; the first stepped impedance branch 21 and the second stepped impedance branch 22 have the same circuit size; the bridging resistor 3 comprises a first bridging resistor 31, a second bridging resistor 32 and a third bridging resistor 33; the first bridging resistor 31 and the second bridging resistor 32 have the same resistance value; the first bridging resistor 31 and the third bridging resistor 33 have different resistance values; the input/output port 4 includes an input port 41, a first output port 42, a second output port 43, a third output port 44, and a fourth output port 45.
Further, the first unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 11 includes a first coupling wire 111, a second coupling wire 112, and a third coupling wire 113; the second unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 12 comprises a fourth coupling wire 121, a fifth coupling wire 122 and a sixth coupling wire 123; the first coupled line 111 is the same size as the third coupled line 113, the fourth coupled line 121 and the sixth coupled line 123; the second coupling line 112 and the fifth coupling line 122 have the same size; the first coupling line 111 and the second coupling line 112 have different sizes.
Further, the first stepped impedance branch 21 includes a first transmission line 211, a second transmission line 212; the second stepped-impedance branch 22 comprises a third transmission line 221 and a fourth transmission line 222; the first transmission line 211 and the third transmission line 221 have the same size, and the second transmission line 212 and the fourth transmission line 222 have the same size.
Further, the input port 41 is connected to the lower end of the first transmission line 211, the upper end of the first transmission line 211 is connected to the left end of the second transmission line 212, and the right end of the second transmission line 212 is open-circuited.
Further, the input port 41 is connected to the upper end of the third transmission line 221, the lower end of the third transmission line 221 is connected to the left end of the fourth transmission line 222, and the right end of the fourth transmission line 222 is open-circuited.
Further, the input port 41 is connected to the left end of the second coupled line 112, and the right end of the second coupled line 112 is connected to the upper end of the third bridging resistor 33. The input port 41 is connected to the left end of the fifth coupled line 122, and the right end of the fifth coupled line 122 is connected to the lower end of the third bridging resistor 33.
Further, the left end of the first coupling line 111 is connected to the upper end of the first bridging resistor 31, and the right end is connected to the first output port 42; the left end of the third coupling line 113 is connected to the lower end of the first crossover resistor 31, and the right end is connected to the second output port 43.
Further, the left end of the fourth coupling line 121 is connected to the upper end of the second cross-over resistor 32, and the right end is connected to the third output port 44; the left end of the sixth coupling line 123 is connected to the lower end of the second bridging resistor 32, and the right end is connected to the fourth output port 45.
Further, the first transmission line 211 and the third transmission line 221 are high impedance transmission lines, and the impedance value Z iss1Greater than 120 Ω; the second transmission line 212 and the fourth transmission line 222 are low impedance transmission line impedance values Zs2Less than 50 omega.
Further, the electrical length theta of the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure 1 is equal to pi/2 at the central frequency; the electrical length θ of the first transmission line 2111And the electrical length theta of the second transmission line 2122Both at the center frequency are pi/2.
Further, the resistance values of the first bridging resistor 31 and the second bridging resistor 32 are both less than 200 Ω; the third bridge resistor 33 has a resistance value larger than 400 Ω; the first coupled line 111 is wider than the second coupled line 112 with a line width ratio greater than 10: 1.
Fig. 2 shows an even-even mode equivalent circuit under the odd-even mode analysis of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure. Wherein Zs1Is the characteristic impedance, Z, of the first transmission line 211s2Is the characteristic impedance of the second transmission line 212; theta1Is the electrical length, θ, of the first transmission line 2112Is the electrical length of the second transmission line 212, theta is the electrical length of the non-constant width three-wire coupled structure 1, ZsRepresenting the matched impedance of the input port 41. Parameter of
Represents the odd-even mode impedance of the asymmetric parallel coupled line formed by the first coupled line 111 and the second coupled line 112; wherein the upper subscript a represents the first coupled line 111, b represents the second coupled line 112; and satisfy the conditions
Fig. 3 shows an even-odd mode equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure under the odd-even mode analysis. The structure in the figure shows that the second coupled line 112 is equivalently grounded at both ends, and the circuit body is an asymmetric parallel coupled line formed by the first coupled line 111 and the second coupled line 112. Wherein R is1Representing the impedance value of the first crossover resistor 31.
Fig. 4 shows an odd-even mode equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure under the odd-even mode analysis. R2Is the resistance value of the third bridge resistor 33.
Fig. 5 shows an odd-odd mode equivalent circuit of the miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure under the odd-even mode analysis.
By solving the related parameters by using the impedance matrix of the multiport network and the transmission line theory according to the transmission characteristics of the broadband filtering power divider and the circuit structure and the transmission line parameters of the equivalent circuit shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the design formula of the miniaturized four-path broadband filtering power divider of the invention can be obtained, and the solving steps are as follows:
for simple analysis, the circuit is firstly split by adopting an odd-even mode analysis method, port input impedance under various modes is solved, and then a design method of multi-port standard S parameters is combined to finally obtain specific design parameters of the circuit.
Step 1: the circuit analysis was performed on the even-even mode equivalent circuit using the transmission line theory based on the characteristic impedance and the electrical length in fig. 2.
The input impedance of the stepped impedance open stub is:
the local circuit input impedance is:
wherein
K is an adjustable coefficient, and 0< K <1
The input impedance expression of the even-even mode equivalent circuit input port 41 is:
step 2: the odd-even mode equivalent circuit is analyzed using the transmission line theory and the impedance analysis method according to the input impedance and the electrical length of the equivalent circuit shown in fig. 4.
The input impedance of the first output port (42) in this mode is:
wherein
And step 3: the odd-odd mode equivalent circuit was analyzed using transmission line theory and impedance analysis based on the input impedance and electrical length of the equivalent circuit shown in fig. 5. The odd-odd mode equivalent circuit of fig. 5 is identical to the even-odd mode equivalent circuit of fig. 2, so that both circuits analyze one of them.
In fig. 5, the impedance matrix of the two-port network terminating the short-circuited asymmetric parallel coupled lines formed by the first coupled line 111 and the second coupled line 112 is:
wherein
The input impedance of the first output port 42 in the odd-odd mode is:
and 4, step 4: solving transmission line parameters in the structure according to a standard scattering parameter matrix
S11＝S11ee
The matched impedance of the input port 41 is ZsFirst input and outputThe impedance matching of the output port 42, the second output port 43, the third output port 44 and the fourth output port 45 is ZLThe relevant S parameters can be obtained:
the condition of matching all ports and isolating the output ports is satisfied to obtain
S11ee＝S22oe＝S22oo＝0
While satisfying the initial conditions
Electrical length theta ═ theta1＝θ2Equal to pi/2 at the center frequency, the adjustable factor K is 0.5. According to the design index of the broadband power divider, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to enable the target relative bandwidth to be more than 60%, and the bandwidth meeting the requirement can be obtained
And Zs1、Zs2。
And 5: according to the procedure described in step 4, push-out
The initial resistance of the cross-over resistor can be determined by the aboveThe formula (II) is obtained. Adjusting the resistance R of the cross-over resistor according to the isolation design requirement of the power divider1、R2To achieve good isolation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the center frequency f of the miniaturized four-path broadband filtering power divider0Is 1.5 GHz. From the above design formula and solving step, the values of the circuit parameters of this embodiment can be obtained, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 specific circuit parameter values for this example
The technical indexes adopted by the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
center frequency: 1.5GHz
15-dB return loss bandwidth in passband: > 80%
Inter-output port isolation >15dB bandwidth: > 80%
The port output amplitude imbalance is less than 0.5dB bandwidth: > 90%
15-dB stop band bandwidth: > 80%
Circuit size:
as shown in fig. 6, in the miniaturized wideband four-way filter power divider based on the unequal-width three-wire coupling structure, the relative bandwidth of the input port with the return loss greater than 15dB is 88%, and the passband frequency range is 860MHz to 2.18 GHz. The insertion loss 6.07 + -0.5 dB relative bandwidth is 94.6%, corresponding to a frequency range of 820MHz to 2.24 GHz. At 1.7f0To 2.52f0Achieves an upper stop band suppression effect of about 20dB over the frequency range of (a). The miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure has good input port matching performance, achieves the effect of broadband filtering power division and has the capability of upper stop band suppression.
As shown in fig. 7, in the miniaturized wideband four-way filter power divider based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure, the relative bandwidth of the output port with return loss greater than 15dB is 82%, which corresponds to the frequency range from 880MHz to 2.11 GHz. The relative bandwidth with output port return loss greater than 20dB is about 66.7%. The filtering power divider provided by the invention has wider output port matching bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 8, the isolation between the output ports of the same coupling line of the miniaturized wideband four-way filtering power divider based on the non-equal-width three-line coupling structure provided by the present invention is less than-15 dB in the full frequency band. The relative bandwidth of the isolation between the output ports of different coupled lines is larger than 15dB, and the relative bandwidth is 84 percent, and corresponds to the frequency of 870MHz to 2.13 GHz.
The size of the miniaturized broadband four-way filter power divider body based on the non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure is 0.25 lambdag×0.27λgWherein λ isgIs the waveguide wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of 1.5 GHz. The circuit structure of the invention is compact, and the miniaturization is effectively realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
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| CN113224491B (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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