CN113224328A - High-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst - Google Patents

High-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst Download PDF

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CN113224328A
CN113224328A CN202110442105.2A CN202110442105A CN113224328A CN 113224328 A CN113224328 A CN 113224328A CN 202110442105 A CN202110442105 A CN 202110442105A CN 113224328 A CN113224328 A CN 113224328A
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catalyst
nickel
perovskite structure
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anode catalyst
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CN113224328B (en
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涂宝峰
苏新
张会敏
尹燕霞
张同环
张福俊
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9016Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
    • H01M4/9025Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst, which is prepared by wrapping a nano perovskite structure catalyst on a nickel-based anode catalyst; the nano perovskite structure catalyst is as follows: [ A ]xSr(1‑x)]zTiMo(1‑y)NiyO6±δWherein A is selected from one or more of rare earth and alkaline earth oxide, delta represents oxygen non-stoichiometric value generated by doping, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.8, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6, and z is more than or equal to 1.8 and less than or equal to 2. The invention adopts the nano perovskite structure catalyst to wrap the nickel-based anode catalyst to obtain the high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell nano-The micron composite anode catalyst is used in preparing cell, and when sulfur-containing fuel is used, the cell has the features of high performance, high sulfur poisoning resistance, high stability, etc.

Description

High-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, in particular to a high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst.
Background
Energy and environment have become two major hot problems related to the sustainable development of human society. With the continuous promotion of the modernization process of the human society, the contradiction between the dependence on energy and the gradual exhaustion of fossil energy is gradually intensified. Discharge of a large amount of pollutants and CO in the process of energy production and use2And the like, are one of the causes of important air pollution sources. Find a clean, highly effective and CO2Energy technology with low net emission has become an urgent need for the development of human society.
The solid oxide fuel cell is an energy conversion device, can efficiently convert chemical energy in fuel gas (such as natural gas, coal-based synthesis gas and the like) into electric energy and heat energy, does not use noble metal catalysts, adopts an all-solid-state structure, has low emission and low noise, is an ideal technology for a dispersed power station and a centralized power station, and can also be applied to vehicle auxiliary power supplies, portable power supplies and the like. However, these fuels often contain trace amounts of sulfur-containing components, so that most of the solid oxide fuel cell anodes, especially the widely used nickel-based anodes, are prone to sulfur adsorption on the anode to cause electrode poisoning, and thus the cell performance is continuously degraded when the fuels containing sulfur components are adopted. Therefore, research on the anode with high activity and sulfur poisoning resistance, improvement of long-term stability and reliability of the cell, satisfaction of commercial application requirements, and improvement of performance and stability of the solid oxide fuel cell become key points of domestic and foreign research and development.
The nickel-based anode is an anode material commonly used by the current solid oxide fuel cell due to high conductivity and good activity of the nickel-based anode, but when fuel containing sulfur is adopted, sulfur is easily adsorbed on the nickel-based anode to cause electrode poisoning, so that the activity of the electrode is continuously reduced and even inactivated. The nano perovskite type anode has better sulfur poisoning resistance, but when the nano perovskite type anode is directly used as the anode, the conductivity is lower, so that the battery performance is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst is prepared by wrapping a nano perovskite structure catalyst on a nickel-based anode catalyst;
the nano perovskite structure catalyst is as follows: [ A ]xSr(1-x)]zTiMo(1-y)NiyO6±δWherein A is selected from one or more of rare earth and alkaline earth oxide, delta represents oxygen non-stoichiometric value generated by doping, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.8, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6, and z is more than or equal to 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.
The particle size of the nano perovskite structure anode catalyst is between 0.1 and 200 nanometers, and more preferably between 1 and 100 nanometers. The nano perovskite structure anode catalyst can be prepared by sol-gel, glycine, coprecipitation, solid-phase reaction and other methods.
The high-activity sulfur poisoning-resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst is a nano-micron composite anode catalyst, namely a micron nickel-based catalyst wrapped by a nano perovskite structure catalyst, wherein the nano perovskite structure catalyst is in a nano level, and the nickel-based catalyst is in a micron level.
The nano perovskite structure catalyst is wrapped on the nickel-based anode catalyst, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing a solution by adopting a nano perovskite structure catalyst, and then directly dipping and wrapping the solution on the surface of a nickel-based catalyst to obtain the catalyst;
or adopting a solution prepared according to the proportion of the perovskite structure catalyst, namely a reaction raw material mixed solution prepared according to the stoichiometric ratio to directly dip the surface of the nickel-based catalyst, and roasting to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst;
or directly dipping the solution of the nano perovskite structure catalyst on a nickel-based composite anode, and roasting to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst;
or adopting a solution prepared according to the proportion of the perovskite structure catalyst, namely a reaction raw material mixed solution prepared according to the stoichiometric ratio to directly dip the nickel-based composite anode and roasting the nickel-based composite anode to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst.
The roasting temperature is preferably 800-1100 ℃, and the roasting time is preferably 2-3 hours.
The mass percentage concentration of the solution is 0.2-25%, and the solution is a highly dispersed solution.
The nano perovskite structure catalyst is wrapped on the nickel-based anode catalyst, wherein the nano perovskite structure anode catalyst plays a role in improving the activity of the electrode and resisting sulfur poisoning, and the nickel-based catalyst plays a role in improving the electrical conductivity of the electrode.
The nickel-based catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst is compounded and then used on a solid oxide fuel cell, and when a sulfur-containing fuel is adopted, the cell has the characteristics of high performance, sulfur poisoning resistance, good stability and the like.
The nano-micron composite anode catalyst formed by wrapping the nickel-based anode catalyst with the nano perovskite structure catalyst can be used for solid oxide fuel cells with various structures, such as flat plates, tubes, anode-supported type, electrolyte-supported type and the like.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts the nano perovskite structure catalyst to wrap the nickel-based anode catalyst to obtain the high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell nano-micron composite anode catalyst, and the battery is prepared by adopting the anode catalyst. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. according to the solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst, the nano perovskite structure catalyst is wrapped on the nickel-based anode catalyst, so that the electrode active sites are effectively increased, the polarization resistance of the cell is reduced, and the performance of the cell is improved.
2. According to the invention, the nano perovskite structure catalyst is wrapped on the surface of the nickel-based anode catalyst, so that the sulfur poisoning resistance of the battery is effectively improved, and the stability of the battery when sulfur-containing fuel is adopted is improved.
3. The catalyst prepared by the invention is used for the solid oxide fuel cell, and has the characteristics of high performance, good stability, sulfur poisoning resistance and the like, and the preparation method has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, easiness in amplification and the like.
4. The nano-micron composite anode catalyst formed by wrapping the nickel-based anode catalyst with the nano perovskite structure catalyst can be used for solid oxide fuel cells with various configurations such as a flat plate type, a tubular type, an anode supporting type, an electrolyte supporting type and the like.
5. The catalyst prepared by the invention has the characteristics of good sulfur poisoning resistance, high activity, good stability and the like, is an anode catalyst suitable for a solid oxide fuel cell, and has important significance for promoting the development of the solid oxide fuel cell technology to the application technology.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing nano [ La by sol-gel method0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.8Ni0.2O6±δ(the grain diameter is about 20 nanometers, the solution is prepared into highly dispersed solution, the solution is dipped on the surface of nickel oxide, and the solution is roasted for 2 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain the nano perovskite structure [ La0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.8Ni0.2O6±δA wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst.
Selecting nano perovskite structure [ La0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.8Ni0.2O6±δCoated nickel-based anode catalyst as anode catalytic material, and gadolinium oxide-doped cerium oxide (Gd)0.2Ce0.8O2GDC) mixing (50: 50) preparing anode with GDC as electrolyte and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3And GDC composite (50: 50 by weight) as the cathode, a cell was prepared.
Taking a traditional Ni-GDC/GDC/LSCF-GDC cell as a comparison cell, and adopting methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel, the nano perovskite structure [ La0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.8Ni0.2O6±δThe cell performance of the coated nickel-based anode catalyst as an anode catalytic material is improved by about 50% when the cell is operated at 600 ℃ and about 80% when the cell is operated at 500 ℃ compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell. The cell has better stability, and the decay rate of the cell is reduced by 60% per hundred hours compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell by taking methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel for stability test at 600 ℃.
Example 2
Preparation of nano [ Pr by coprecipitation method0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.4Ni0.6O6±δParticle size of about 40 nm, preparing into highly dispersed solution, soaking on the surface of nickel oxide, and calcining at 900 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain nano perovskite structure [ Pr0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.4Ni0.6O6±δA wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst.
Selecting nano perovskite structure [ Pr)0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.4Ni0.6O6±δThe wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst is used as an anode catalytic material and is mixed with GDC (50: 50 by weight) to prepare an anode, the GDC is electrolyte, and La is used as0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3And GDC composite (50: 50 by weight) as the cathode, a cell was prepared.
The traditional Ni-GDC/GDC/LSCF-GDC cell is taken as a comparison cell, and when methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide is taken as fuel, the nano perovskite structure [ Pr0.18Sr0.82]1.9TiMo0.4Ni0.6O6±δCompared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the battery performance of the wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst as an anode catalytic material is improved by about 30% when the battery is operated at 600 ℃ and improved by about 60% when the battery is operated at 500 ℃. The battery has better stabilityQualitatively, the stability test is carried out at 600 ℃ by using methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel, and the attenuation rate per hundred hours is reduced by 80 percent compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell.
Example 3
Preparation of nano [ Pr by citric acid method0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.6Ni0.4O6±δParticle size of about 40 nm, preparing into highly dispersed solution, soaking on the surface of nickel oxide, and calcining at 1000 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain nano perovskite structure [ Pr0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.6Ni0.4O6±δA wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst.
Selecting nano perovskite structure [ Pr)0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.6Ni0.4O6±δThe wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst is used as an anode catalytic material and is mixed with GDC (50: 50 by weight) to prepare an anode, the GDC is electrolyte, and La is used as0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3And GDC composite (50: 50 by weight) as the cathode, a cell was prepared.
The traditional Ni-GDC/GDC/LSCF-GDC cell is taken as a comparison cell, and when methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide is taken as fuel, the nano perovskite structure [ Pr0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.6Ni0.4O6±δThe cell performance of the coated nickel-based anode catalyst as an anode catalytic material is improved by about 20% when the cell is operated at 600 ℃ and about 50% when the cell is operated at 500 ℃ compared with the performance of the conventional Ni-GDC anode cell. The cell has better stability, and the decay rate of the cell is reduced by 90% per hundred hours compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell by taking methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel for stability test at 600 ℃.
Example 4
According to the stoichiometric ratio [ La0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.7Ni0.3O6±δ(lanthanum nitrate: strontium nitrate: tetrabutyl titanate: ammonium molybdate: nickel nitrate: 0.36: 1.64: 1: 0.7: 0.3) and impregnating the solution on the surface of nickel oxideRoasting at 900 deg.c for 2 hr to obtain nanometer perovskite structure La0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.7Ni0.3O6±δA wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst.
Selecting nano perovskite structure [ La0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.7Ni0.3O6±δThe wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst is used as an anode catalytic material and is mixed with GDC (60: 40 by weight) to prepare an anode, the GDC is electrolyte, and La is used as0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3And GDC were mixed (50: 50 by weight) as a cathode to prepare a battery.
Taking a traditional Ni-GDC/GDC/LSCF-GDC cell as a comparison cell, and adopting methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel, the nano perovskite structure [ La0.18Sr0.82]2TiMo0.7Ni0.3O6±δThe cell performance of the coated nickel-based anode catalyst as an anode catalytic material is improved by about 40% when the cell is operated at 600 ℃ and about 90% when the cell is operated at 500 ℃ compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell. The cell has better stability, and the decay rate of the cell is reduced by 120% per hundred hours compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell by taking methane containing 10ppm of hydrogen sulfide as fuel for stability test at 600 ℃.

Claims (7)

1. A high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst is characterized in that: the anode catalyst is prepared by wrapping a nano perovskite structure catalyst on a nickel-based anode catalyst;
the nano perovskite structure catalyst is as follows: [ A ]xSr(1-x)]zTiMo(1-y)NiyO6±δWherein A is selected from one or more of rare earth and alkaline earth oxide, delta represents oxygen non-stoichiometric value generated by doping, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.8, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6, and z is more than or equal to 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.
2. The high activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the nano perovskite structure catalyst is between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers.
3. The high activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the anode catalyst is a nano-micron composite anode catalyst, wherein the nano perovskite structure is nano grade, and the nickel-based catalyst is micron grade.
4. The high-activity sulfur poisoning resistance solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nano perovskite structure catalyst is wrapped on the nickel-based anode catalyst by the following steps:
preparing a solution by adopting a nano perovskite structure catalyst, and then directly dipping and wrapping the solution on the surface of a nickel-based catalyst to obtain the catalyst;
or directly dipping the solution prepared according to the stoichiometric ratio of the perovskite structure catalyst on the surface of the nickel-based catalyst, and roasting to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst;
or directly dipping the high dispersion solution of the nano perovskite structure catalyst on a nickel-based composite anode, and roasting to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst;
or directly dipping the solution prepared according to the proportion of the perovskite structure material on the nickel-based composite anode, and roasting to obtain the nickel-based composite anode catalyst wrapped by the nano perovskite structure catalyst.
5. The high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst according to claim 4, wherein: the roasting temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the roasting time is 2-3 hours.
6. The micron nickel-based catalyst coated by the nano perovskite structure catalyst as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used on a solid oxide fuel cell, and when a sulfur-containing fuel is adopted, the cell has the characteristics of high performance, sulfur poisoning resistance, good stability and the like.
7. The high-activity sulfur poisoning resistant solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which can be used in solid oxide fuel cells of various structures including, but not limited to, a flat plate type, a tubular type, an anode-supported type, and an electrolyte-supported type.
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