Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide lithium ion battery negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the technical scheme is as follows:
step 1: under magnetic stirring, tetraethyl silicate and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed, then a carbon source is added for mixing and stirring for 5-20min, and then 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid is added in a water bath environment until a test solution is hydrolyzed into a uniform sol solution; then adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper acetate, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic waves, continuously stirring for 3-5h, and transferring the mixture into an oven for low-temperature drying to obtain gel;
step 2: grinding the gel obtained in the step 1 into fine powder, then placing the fine powder into an alumina crucible, placing the alumina crucible at the central position of a tubular furnace, and carrying out high-temperature calcination under the protection of hydrogen-argon mixed gas; grinding the product, placing the product in a plastic beaker, cleaning the product by adopting a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to remove silicon dioxide and other metal impurities; and finally, washing with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide material (Cu, Ni-SiC).
Preferably, the technical solution further comprises part or all of the following technical features:
preferably, the carbon source in step 1 is one of glucose, sucrose and sodium acetate.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the tetraethyl silicate to the carbon source in the step 1 is (2-4): (1-5), wherein the concentration of the carbon source solution is 0.6 g/mL.
Preferably, the water bath environment in step 1 is heated at 60-85 ℃.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the tetraethyl silicate to the hydrochloric acid in the step 1 is 4 (1-3).
Preferably, the mole ratio of the tetraethyl silicate, the nickel nitrate hexahydrate and the copper acetate in the step 1 is 1 (0.003-0.03) to (0.003-0.03).
Preferably, the low-temperature drying in the step 1 is drying in an oven at 50-70 ℃ for 24 h.
Preferably, the aeration flow rate of the hydrogen-argon mixed gas in the step 2 is 30-50 mL/min; wherein the volume of the hydrogen accounts for 10 percent, and the volume of the argon accounts for 90 percent.
Preferably, the high-temperature calcination in step 2 is performed by raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ and 1500 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and continuing the calcination for 3-5 h.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the hydrofluoric acid to the nitric acid in the step 2 is 3 (7-10).
The synthesis mechanism of the invention is as follows:
the method takes tetraethyl silicate as a silicon source and hydrochloric acid solution as a hydrolysis-assisting agent, and carries out hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction in the environment of blending organic solvent anhydrous ethanol and a carbon source to carry out sol-gelation on the material; and nickel ions and copper ions are introduced after the hydrolysis precursor is generated, the nucleation and growth of the material are promoted in the solvothermal reaction process, and the material is reduced in the calcination of hydrogen-argon mixed gas, so that the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide material is prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) because the silicon carbide has larger specific surface area and more exposed atoms on the surface, the in-situ doping of copper and nickel is realized in the sol-gel thermal synthesis process, and the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide lithium ion battery cathode material (Cu, Ni-SiC) is finally prepared, so that the unit cell structure of SiC is changed. Electrochemical experiment tests show that the electrode material has ultrahigh lithium storage capacity, excellent rate capability and very stable cycle performance.
(2) The reason why the Cu, Ni-SiC electrode material prepared by the invention has excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the double doping of copper and nickel, a stable heterostructure is formed between the copper, the nickel and the silicon carbide semiconductor, more transmission channels are provided for the insertion-extraction of lithium ions, and the introduction of the copper and the nickel also improves the conductivity of the silicon carbide semiconductor material and is beneficial to the rapid migration of electrons.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the disclosure, features and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following examples and to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The Cu, Ni-SiC lithium ion battery cathode material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: under magnetic stirring, 5mL of tetraethyl silicate and 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed, then 3mL of glucose solution is added, mixed and stirred for 10min, and then 2mL of 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid is added in a water bath environment at 75 ℃ until a test solution is hydrolyzed into a uniform sol solution; then adding 28mg of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 20mg of copper acetate, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, continuously stirring for 4 hours, transferring the mixture into a 60 ℃ oven, heating and drying for 24 hours to gelatinize the sol;
and 2, step: grinding the gel obtained in the step 1, finely crushing, placing the gel into an alumina crucible, placing the alumina crucible at the central position of a tubular furnace, introducing a hydrogen-argon mixed gas at the speed of 40mL/min, heating to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and continuously calcining for 3 h; grinding the product, placing the product in a plastic beaker, cleaning the product by adopting a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to remove silicon dioxide and other metal impurities; and finally, washing with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide material (Cu, Ni-SiC).
Example 2
The Cu, Ni-SiC lithium ion battery cathode material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: under magnetic stirring, mixing 4mL of tetraethyl silicate and 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding 2mL of glucose solution, mixing and stirring for 10min, and then adding 2mL of 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid in a water bath environment at 75 ℃ until the test solution is hydrolyzed into a uniform sol solution; then adding 20mg of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 10mg of copper acetate, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, continuously stirring for 4 hours, transferring the mixture to a 60 ℃ oven, heating and drying for 24 hours to gelatinize the sol;
step 2: grinding the gel obtained in the step 1, finely crushing, placing the gel into an alumina crucible, placing the alumina crucible at the central position of a tubular furnace, introducing a hydrogen-argon mixed gas at the speed of 40mL/min, heating to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and continuously calcining for 3 h; grinding and finely crushing the product, placing the product in a plastic beaker, cleaning the product by adopting a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to remove silicon dioxide and other metal impurities; and finally, washing with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide material (Cu, Ni-SiC).
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 of the present invention is different from example 1 in that a nickel-doped silicon carbide material was prepared without adding copper acetate.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 of the present invention is different from example 1 in that a copper-doped silicon carbide material was prepared without adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 of the present invention is different from example 1 in that a silicon carbide material was prepared without adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper acetate.
And (3) test characterization:
1. preparation of electrodes and assembly of batteries
Weighing the electrode material prepared by the embodiment, the super conductive carbon and the polyvinylidene fluoride according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, dissolving the electrode material in N-methyl pyrrolidone, grinding the mixture into uniform slurry, coating the slurry on copper foil, drying the slurry at low temperature, putting the slurry in a vacuum drying oven for drying overnight, and finally cutting the slurry into wafers with uniform size by using a slicing machine; and then assembling the positive electrode shell, the gasket, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte, the diaphragm, the electrolyte, the prepared electrode wafer, the gasket and the negative electrode shell of the battery in an argon glove box, and finally sealing the battery by using a battery pressing machine.
2. Electrochemical performance test
(1) Charge and discharge cycle test
Placing the prepared battery in a battery clamp of a battery tester, setting the theoretical specific capacity of the material to be 2680mAh/g, and setting the voltage test interval to be 0-2V; the charge-discharge cycle program was then set to charge and discharge 100 cycles at 0.1C rate, followed by 500 cycles at 1C rate for a total of 600 cycles of charge-discharge cycle testing. After the test is finished, the data information of the cycle number and the specific capacity of the battery can be obtained from the battery system, and the specific data is shown in table 1.
Table 1: cycling Performance tables for materials prepared in inventive examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the first-turn specific discharge capacities of the batteries prepared in the examples 1 and 2, the comparative examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example 3 of the present invention are 755.4mAh/g, 726.2mAh/g, 541.4mAh/g, 519.1mAh/g and 453.4mAh/g, respectively, wherein the copper-nickel doped silicon carbide batteries prepared in the examples 1 to 2 have excellent specific capacities; after 100 cycles, the capacity retention rates are respectively 95.4%, 95.1%, 92.7%, 90.3% and 86.1%, and it can be seen that the battery prepared in example 1-2 has not only higher lithium storage capacity but also good cycle performance.
When the batteries prepared in the examples 1, 2, 1, 2 and 3 are charged and discharged at the rate of 1C, the specific discharge capacity of the first circle of the batteries is 709.4mAh/g, 676.2mAh/g, 495.3mAh/g, 452.2mAh/g and 363.3 mAh/g; after 500 cycles, the discharge specific capacities are 644.3mAh/g, 610.4mAh/g, 419.7mAh/g, 355.4mAh/g and 246.2mAh/g respectively, and the cycle capacity retention rates are 90.8%, 90.3%, 84.7%, 78.6% and 65% respectively. From the above data, it can be seen that the copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide cells prepared in examples 1-2 have excellent electrochemical cycling performance, and even after 500 cycles, the cells still have capacity retention rate of 90% or more, compared with the cells made of single-metal doped silicon carbide or silicon carbide without metal doping, the cells show poor electrochemical performance.
(2) Electrochemical impedance testing
Placing the cell in a cell holder of an electrochemical workstation, setting a voltage test interval of 0-2V, and then using a 5mV sine wave at 10-2Hz to 10-5The ac impedance test was performed on the batteries at Hz frequency, and the specific resistance data are shown in table 3.
Table 2: electrochemical impedance table of examples 1-2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-3
Item
|
Example 1
|
Example 2
|
Comparative example 1
|
Comparative example 2
|
Comparative example 3
|
Resistance (RC)
|
103Ω
|
119Ω
|
148Ω
|
155Ω
|
251Ω |
As can be seen from table 2, the batteries prepared in examples 1-2 have smaller impedance values, because doping copper and nickel improves the conductivity of the material, accelerates the electron transport, and thus has excellent electrochemical properties.
The raw materials listed in the invention, the values of the upper and lower intervals of the raw materials of the invention and the values of the upper and lower intervals of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed here. While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the invention.