CN113224285A - Nanocrystalline aluminum material, preparation method and application thereof, and aluminum-air fuel cell - Google Patents
Nanocrystalline aluminum material, preparation method and application thereof, and aluminum-air fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113224285A CN113224285A CN202110489305.3A CN202110489305A CN113224285A CN 113224285 A CN113224285 A CN 113224285A CN 202110489305 A CN202110489305 A CN 202110489305A CN 113224285 A CN113224285 A CN 113224285A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 aluminum-indium-bismuth Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum indium Chemical compound [Al].[In] AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
- H01M4/463—Aluminium based
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a nanocrystalline aluminum material, belonging to the field of metal air fuel cells. According to the invention, pure aluminum or aluminum alloy samples are subjected to equal channel angular extrusion to obtain a nanocrystalline aluminum material; the phi of the equal-channel angular extrusion is 30-70 degrees, the phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion pass is 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50-90T; the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 10-100 mm. The invention adopts equal channel extrusion technology, changes the microstructure of a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample into a nanocrystalline structure, reduces the grain size, improves the uniformity of the microstructure on the whole by fine and uniform grain structures, and reduces galvanic corrosion among grains, thereby reducing the hydrogen evolution rate, improving the discharge efficiency and greatly improving the mass energy density of the nanocrystalline aluminum material as a negative electrode material.
Description
The application is a divisional application with application date of 2018, 24.02 and application number of 201810157491.9 and the name of 'a nanocrystalline aluminum material, a preparation method and application thereof and an aluminum-air fuel cell'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air fuel cells, in particular to a nanocrystalline aluminum material, a preparation method and application thereof and an aluminum air fuel cell.
Background
The aluminum air fuel cell consists of a catalytic air anode, an electrolyte and a metal aluminum alloy cathode, the theoretical specific energy of the aluminum cathode is 8100Wh/kg, the actual specific energy of the aluminum air fuel cell reaches 650Wh/kg at present, and the value is far higher than that of other various cells. Because aluminum is the most abundant metal element on the earth, the price is low, and particularly, the chemical activity of the aluminum is lower than that of lithium, the aluminum is easy to control, and the aluminum has larger theoretical specific energy; the operation is simple and convenient, the service life is long, the metal aluminum electrode can be mechanically replaced, the battery management is simple, and the service life of the battery only depends on the working life of the oxygen electrode; the metal aluminum electrode is green and environment-friendly in production, rich in resources and capable of being recycled. Therefore, the aluminum air fuel cell has the advantages of low cost, no toxicity, no pollution, stable discharge voltage, high specific energy, abundant resources, regeneration and utilization, no storage problem and is one of attractive green cells.
However, since the aluminum cathode corrodes during discharge of the aluminum air fuel cell to generate hydrogen, which not only causes excessive consumption of cathode material, but also increases electrical loss inside the cell, the commercial application of the aluminum air fuel cell is seriously hindered, and the discharge efficiency is not high, less than 50%. The current methods for solving the problem are mainly to dope specific alloy elements in high-purity metal aluminum so as to improve the corrosion resistance of a metal aluminum anode, or to add a corrosion inhibitor in an electrolyte so as to prevent hydrogen from being discharged. However, the effect is not good, and the problem of high hydrogen evolution rate still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a nanocrystalline aluminum material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has low hydrogen evolution rate and high discharge efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a preparation method of a nanocrystalline aluminum material comprises the following steps:
carrying out equal-channel angular extrusion on a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample to obtain a nanocrystalline aluminum material;
the conditions of equal channel angular pressing comprise: psi is 30-70 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion pass is 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50-90T;
the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 10-100 mm.
Preferably, the psi of the equal channel angular pressing is 30 °, the pressing pass is 7 times, and the pressing pressure is 70T.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy includes an aluminum indium alloy, an aluminum indium gallium alloy, an aluminum indium bismuth alloy, an aluminum indium tin alloy, or an aluminum indium zinc alloy.
The invention also provides the nanocrystalline aluminum material obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme, and the grain size of the nanocrystalline aluminum material is 90-220 nm.
Preferably, the grain size is 90-100 nm.
The invention also provides application of the nanocrystalline aluminum material in the technical scheme as an aluminum air fuel cell cathode.
The invention also provides an aluminum-air fuel cell, which comprises the nanocrystalline aluminum material in the technical scheme, wherein the nanocrystalline aluminum material is a cathode.
Preferably, the electrolyte of the aluminum air fuel cell is an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
The invention provides a preparation method of a nanocrystalline aluminum material, which comprises the steps of carrying out Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) on a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample to obtain the nanocrystalline aluminum material; the phi of the equal-channel angular extrusion is 30-70 degrees, the phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion pass is 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50-90T; the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 10-100 mm. The invention adopts equal channel angular extrusion technology, changes the microstructure of a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample into a nanocrystalline structure, reduces the grain size, improves the uniformity of the microstructure on the whole by fine and uniform grain structures, and reduces galvanic corrosion among grains, thereby reducing the hydrogen evolution rate, improving the discharge efficiency and greatly improving the mass energy density of the nanocrystalline aluminum material as a negative electrode material. The data of the embodiment show that the grain size of the nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared by the invention is 90-220 nm, and the hydrogen evolution rate is 0.087 mL/min-1·cm-2Far lower than the hydrogen evolution rate (0.6-2 mL/min) of the aluminum alloy in the prior art-1·cm-2) The open-circuit voltage of the aluminum air dye cell formed by the prepared nanocrystalline pure aluminum material in 4M NaOH solution is 1.882V, while the open-circuit voltage of the aluminum air fuel cell formed by the cast pure aluminum cathode is only 1.591V at 10 mA.cm-2Under the current density, the capacity density of the nanocrystalline pure aluminum material reaches 2308 mA.h.g-1The energy density reaches 3725 Wh.kg-1The capacity density of the cast pure aluminum cathode is only 1631mA · h · g-1The energy density is 2267 Wh/kg-1The energy density is improved by 64.3 percent; the energy density of the negative electrode of the nanocrystalline pure aluminum material reaches 4200 Wh/kg-1Compared with the cast pure aluminum alloy cathode, the anode is improved by 60 percent.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view (a) of ECAP and a view (b) of an actual extrusion die used in the preparation process of the nano-crystalline aluminum material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a nanocrystalline aluminum material, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out equal-channel angular extrusion on a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample to obtain a nanocrystalline aluminum material;
the conditions of equal channel angular pressing comprise: psi is 30-70 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion pass is 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50-90T;
the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 10-100 mm.
In the present invention, ψ of the equal channel angular pressing is preferably 30 °, the pressing pass is preferably 7 times, and the pressing pressure is preferably 70T.
The specific way of the equal channel angular pressing is not specially limited, and the equal channel angular pressing way known by the technical personnel in the field is adopted; the device for equal channel angular pressing is not particularly limited, and the equal channel angular pressing device known by the person skilled in the art can be adopted.
In the present invention, the pure aluminum is preferably high-purity aluminum; the aluminum alloy preferably comprises an aluminum indium alloy, an aluminum indium gallium alloy, an aluminum indium bismuth alloy, an aluminum indium tin alloy or an aluminum indium zinc alloy.
The invention also provides the nanocrystalline aluminum material obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme, and the grain size of the nanocrystalline aluminum material is 90-220 nm, preferably 90-100 nm.
The invention also provides application of the nanocrystalline aluminum material in the technical scheme as an aluminum air fuel cell cathode.
The invention also provides an aluminum-air fuel cell, which comprises the nanocrystalline aluminum material in the technical scheme, wherein the nanocrystalline aluminum material is a cathode.
The present invention does not specifically limit other parameters of the anode, electrolyte, etc. of the aluminum air fuel cell, and may adopt parameters well known to those skilled in the art, specifically, oxygen is used as the anode, and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as the electrolyte.
The nanocrystalline aluminum material provided by the present invention, the preparation method and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of ECAP and a schematic diagram of an actual extrusion die used in a process for preparing a nanocrystalline aluminum material according to the present invention, wherein a is the schematic diagram of ECAP and b is the schematic diagram of the actual extrusion die.
Example 1
And (3) performing equal-channel angular extrusion on a high-purity aluminum sample (the diameter is 20mm), wherein psi is 30 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion passes are respectively 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50T, so as to obtain the nanocrystalline aluminum material.
The grain size of the nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared in example 1 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from table 1 that the grain size of the prepared nanocrystalline aluminum material is 90 to 220 nm.
Table 1 grain size of nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared in example 1
Example 2
The same as example 1 except that the extrusion passes were 7 times and the extrusion pressures were 70T and 90T, the nanocrystalline aluminum material was obtained.
The grain size of the nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared in example 2 was measured, and the results are shown in table 2, and it can be seen from table 2 that the grain size of the prepared nanocrystalline aluminum material was 90 to 150 nm.
Table 2 grain size of nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared in example 2
The nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared in examples 1 to 2 was used for the cathode of an aluminum air fuel cell, the anode of the aluminum air fuel cell was oxygen, and a 4M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used as an electrolyte. The results of testing the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate of different nanocrystalline aluminum materials in 4M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are shown in table 3, and it can be seen from table 3 that as the grain size decreases, the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate gradually decreases, the grain size and the corrosion resistance of the nanocrystalline aluminum material are closely related, the fine and uniform grain structure improves the uniformity of the microstructure as a whole, reduces galvanic corrosion between the grains, and thus decreases the hydrogen evolution rate.
TABLE 3 relationship of grain size to hydrogen evolution corrosion rate
Table 4 summarizes the average voltage, capacity density, electrode efficiency and energy density of the aluminum air fuel cell at different current densities. The open-circuit voltage of the aluminum-air battery composed of the nanocrystalline aluminum cathode is 1.882V when the pressure is 70 tons and the extrusion is 7 times and psi is 30 degrees, while the open-circuit voltage of the aluminum-air battery composed of the as-cast aluminum cathode is only 1.591V; at 10mA cm-2Under the current density, the capacity density of the nanocrystalline high-purity aluminum cathode reaches 2308 mA.h.g-1The energy density reaches 3725 Wh.kg-1The capacity density of the high-purity aluminum cathode is only 1631 mA.h.g-1The energy density is 2267 Wh/kg-1The energy density of the cathode adopting the nanocrystalline aluminum is improved by 64.3 percent, and the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate is reduced to about one fifth of that of the as-cast coarse crystal. The capacity density continued to increase with increasing current density, at 50mA cm-2The capacity density reaches 2852 mA.h.g under the current density-1The electrode efficiency of both the anode and the cathode reaches more than 95 percent. This is because, at a high current density, discharge is a main reaction, the potential of the negative electrode has been lowered more, and hydrogen evolution corrosion of the nanocrystalline aluminum material is suppressed and reduced to a small extent. The energy density increases and then decreases as the current density increases. Under low current density, the corrosion of the negative electrode plays a determining role in the performance of the battery, and the more corrosion-resistant negative electrode has higher energy density; at high current densities, the polarization of the cell controls the cell performance, and the decrease in energy density due to the drop in voltage is quickly manifested. In comparison, the benefit of grain refinementThe voltage of the two aluminum cathodes is 30mA cm-2The lower value is equivalent, and the capacity density is 50mA cm-2The current density is equivalent. The uniform and fine crystal grains have larger electrochemical activity and can reduce the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate, so the self-discharge rate of the battery is low, and the battery can provide higher energy density under smaller current density.
TABLE 4 average voltage, capacity density, electrode efficiency and energy density of aluminum air fuel cells at different current densities
Example 3
And (3) performing equal-channel angular extrusion on a high-purity aluminum alloy sample (the diameter is 20mm), wherein psi is 30 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion passes are respectively 7 times, and the extrusion pressure is 70 tons to obtain the nanocrystalline aluminum alloy material.
The nanocrystalline aluminum alloy material prepared in example 3 is used for the cathode of an aluminum air fuel cell, the anode of the aluminum air fuel cell is oxygen, and the energy density of the cathode of the nanocrystalline aluminum alloy material reaches 4200 Wh-kg when the 4M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte-1Compared with the cast aluminum alloy cathode, the anode is improved by 60 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An aluminum air fuel cell is characterized in that a negative electrode is a nanocrystalline aluminum material, an electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and a positive electrode is oxygen; the current density of the aluminum air fuel cell is 10mA cm-2、20mA·cm-2、30mA·cm-2Or 50mA cm-2；
The preparation method of the nanocrystalline aluminum material comprises the following steps:
carrying out equal-channel angular extrusion on a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample to obtain a nanocrystalline aluminum material;
the conditions of equal channel angular pressing comprise: psi is 30-70 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, the extrusion pass is 5-10 times, and the extrusion pressure is 50-90T;
the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 10-100 mm.
2. The aluminum-air fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein ψ of the equal channel angular pressing is 30 °, the pressing pass is 7 times, and the pressing pressure is 70T.
3. The aluminum-air fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises an aluminum-indium alloy, an aluminum-indium-gallium alloy, an aluminum-indium-bismuth alloy, an aluminum-indium-tin alloy, or an aluminum-indium-zinc alloy.
4. The aluminum-air fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the nanocrystalline aluminum material has a grain size of 90 to 220 nm.
5. The aluminum-air fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the nanocrystalline aluminum material has a grain size of 90 to 100 nm.
6. The aluminum air fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy sample is 20 mm.
7. The aluminum air fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 4 mol/L.
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Application publication date: 20210806 |