CN113219490B - Reflective scanning calculation polarization ghost imaging system under haze disperse system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective scanning calculating polarization ghost imaging system under a haze dispersion system, which comprises the steps of firstly providing a reflective scanning calculating polarization ghost imaging framework under a haze environment, setting sliding windows with different sizes at a light source modulation end to spatially scan targets in the haze dispersion system, enabling light reflected by the targets to act with a scattering medium again, and secondly, enabling a receiving end to reconstruct a collected light intensity value and a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm, wherein an illumination speckle moves along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to enable the illumination speckle to cover the whole target, so that the intensity and polarization image information of the target are obtained. The invention supplements the calculation ghost imaging detection scheme in the actual scene, effectively improves the imaging detection recognition capability of the system on the target object, and improves the imaging speed and imaging quality in the complex atmospheric environment. Provides a new idea for the subsequent ghost imaging research direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to a reflective scanning and calculating polarization ghost imaging system under a haze dispersion system.
Background
In recent years, ghost imaging has received great attention due to delocalized imaging characteristics. The ghost imaging is calculated and is mainly realized by using fluctuation association of light field intensity, any imaging lens is not required to be placed in an imaging light path, and only one barrel detector is required to collect the total light intensity of the object passing through the object on the object arm and perform association operation with a preset speckle pattern to recover the object image. Computing ghost images has great potential in optically harsh or complex atmospheric environments. However, in the conventional intensity ghost imaging, the beam signal passing through the object is directly received by the barrel detector without distinguishing the object information from the background information, and for objects formed of different materials having similar reflectivity in the same field of view, the conventional ghost imaging system cannot distinguish them, and from the image level analysis, the complex background also reduces the target visibility and the contrast of the image, thereby affecting the quality of the image. Polarization is an inherent property of an object, polarization imaging can realize object distinction by utilizing the difference of polarization characteristics among objects made of different materials, and the combination of polarization imaging and ghost imaging technology can improve the anti-interference capability of the system under complex environments such as atmospheric turbulence, strong scattering media and the like.
However, for target imaging in severe environments and with complex background, the traditional polarization ghost imaging technology has long imaging time and seriously affects detection efficiency, and based on the imaging time, a reflection type scanning calculation polarization ghost imaging scheme under a haze dispersion system is provided, so that the imaging time is shortened, the image quality is improved, and efficient target detection and identification are achieved. The invention provides a discussion thought for the practical application of the calculated ghost imaging in the fields of remote sensing imaging, biomedical imaging, military reconnaissance and the like, and has important significance for promoting the development of the calculated ghost imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a reflective scanning computing polarization ghost imaging system under a haze dispersion system, which improves detection efficiency and obtains a high-quality target image. The scanning type sampling and calculating polarization ghost imaging scheme is characterized in that sliding windows with different sizes are arranged at a light source modulation end to spatially scan a target in a haze dispersion system, light reflected by the target acts with a scattering medium again, a receiving end carries out reconstruction operation on a collected light intensity value and a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm, and an illumination speckle moves along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to enable the illumination speckle to cover the whole target, so that image information of the target is obtained. The provided reflective polarization ghost imaging calculating architecture in the haze environment provides a reliable and feasible concrete scheme for practical application of ghost imaging calculating in the fields of remote sensing imaging, biomedical imaging, military reconnaissance and the like. By means of a block scanning mode, the same preset speckle pattern is used for independently sampling each sub-image of the image, and the calculated ghost imaging efficiency under the haze dispersion system is greatly improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the reflective scanning calculation polarization ghost imaging system comprises a light source emitting end, a light source modulating end and a light source receiving end, wherein sliding windows with different sizes are arranged at the light source modulating end, laser emitted by the light source emitting end passes through the light source modulating end to spatially scan targets in the haze dispersion system, light reflected by the targets acts on haze dispersion system media again, the light source receiving end receives a light source, and a received light intensity value and a preset speckle field are subjected to reconstruction operation through an OMP algorithm, so that the illumination speckle can cover the whole targets along the transverse and longitudinal movement, image information of the targets is obtained, and a target two-dimensional image is reconstructed.
The light source emitting end comprises a laser, a collimating lens and a polaroid which are sequentially arranged.
The sliding windows with different sizes are formed by arranging different illumination patterns through the spatial light modulator.
The light source receiving end comprises a converging lens, a polarizing beam splitter, a barrel detector I, a barrel detector II and a computer, wherein light emitted by the laser is modulated into polarized light through the collimating lens and the polarizing plate, intensity modulation is carried out on the polarized light through the light source modulating end to generate a fluctuation light field which changes along with time and space, the fluctuation light field vertically enters an atmosphere haze dispersion system, light acting with a scattering system is reflected by a target and then passes through the atmosphere haze dispersion system again, the converging lens collects the light in the polarizing beam splitter, the light passing through the polarizing beam splitter is divided into two polarized light beams in the orthogonal direction and is respectively received by the barrel detector I and the barrel detector II, the two polarized light beams are respectively processed by the barrel detector I and the barrel detector II and then are input into the computer, and the computer carries out reconstruction operation on the collected light intensity value and a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm to reconstruct a target two-dimensional image.
The reflective computing polarization ghost imaging architecture in the haze environment is suitable for target detection of a remote sensing mode in an actual complex scene.
In the process of computing ghost imaging, a scanning imaging mode is introduced, a sliding window is arranged at a light source modulation end to spatially scan a target in a haze dispersion system, meanwhile, reconstruction operation is carried out on a scanning area, and an illumination speckle moves along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to enable the illumination speckle to cover the whole target, so that image information of the target is obtained.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a reflective computing polarization ghost imaging architecture in a haze environment aiming at a remote sensing detection mode, and provides a reliable and feasible concrete scheme for the practical application of computing ghost imaging; in addition, the invention uses the polarization beam splitter to acquire the polarization information in two directions at the same time, thereby achieving real-time target detection and identification.
According to the scanning type sampling and calculating polarization ghost imaging scheme, the sub-images of the image are independently sampled by using the same preset speckle pattern in a block scanning mode, and image blocks in scanning sampling are acquired in time sequence, so that mutual interference between reflected light is avoided, and the reduction of signal to noise ratio caused by backward scattered light entering an imaging system is prevented; in addition, the compressed sensing algorithm has the advantages that sampling and compression are performed simultaneously, so that the sampling cost is greatly reduced, the sampling time is shortened, meanwhile, each sub-image of the image is independently reconstructed by means of a block scanning mode, the calculated data volume of the algorithm is reduced, the iteration speed is increased, and the reconstruction time is greatly shortened.
The invention can effectively reduce the influence of complex haze environment on imaging, improve the contrast of the image and achieve efficient and real-time target detection and identification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a calculated polarization ghost imaging system under haze dispersion in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present solution.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing contrast between intensity ghost imaging and polarization ghost imaging at different optical distances for a 4 x 4 scanning window.
Fig. 4 is a graph of contrast of imaging efficiency for different imaging modalities.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the reflective scanning computing polarization ghost imaging system under the haze dispersion system comprises a light source emitting end, a light source modulating end and a light source receiving end, wherein sliding windows with different sizes are arranged at the light source modulating end, laser emitted by the light source emitting end passes through the light source modulating end to spatially scan a target in the haze dispersion system, light reflected by the target acts on a haze dispersion system medium again, the light source receiving end receives the light source, and the received light intensity value and a preset speckle field are subjected to reconstruction operation through an OMP algorithm, so that the illumination speckle moves along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to cover the whole target, image information of the target is obtained, and a target two-dimensional image is reconstructed.
The light source emitting end comprises a laser 1, a collimating lens 2 and a polaroid 3 which are sequentially arranged.
The sliding windows of different sizes are formed by different illumination patterns provided by the spatial light modulator 10.
The light source receiving end comprises a converging lens 6, a polarizing beam splitter 7, a barrel detector 8 and a computer 9, wherein light emitted by the laser 1 is modulated into polarized light through the collimating lens 2 and the polarizing plate 3, and intensity modulation is carried out on the polarized light through the light source modulating end to generate a fluctuation light field which varies with time and space. Then, the light vertically enters the atmosphere haze dispersion system 4, and after being reflected by the target 5, the light acting with the scattering system passes through the scattering system again, and finally, the light is collected in the polarization beam splitter 7 by the converging lens 6, and the light passing through the polarization beam splitter 7 is divided into two polarized light beams in orthogonal directions, and the polarized light beams are respectively received by the barrel detector 8. The two light beams are input to the computer 9 after the sampling process. As shown in fig. 2, sliding windows with different sizes are arranged at the light source modulation end to spatially scan the target, the receiving end carries out reconstruction operation on the collected light intensity value and a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm, and the illumination speckle moves along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to enable the illumination speckle to cover the whole target, so that image information of the target is obtained, and a two-dimensional image of the target is reconstructed.
Let the Stokes vector of the incident light be S int ＝[I,Q,U,V] T When light passes through a scattering medium, object or polarizing device, the relationship of the incident light stokes vector to the outgoing light stokes vector is written as:
in this scheme, light propagates in the medium and then reacts with the target in the medium, where the relationship between the incident and the outgoing light stokes vectors is:
S out ＝M m2 M obj M m1 S in
wherein M is m1 ，M m2 For scattering media in front of and behind the targetMueller matrix, M obj The mueller matrix of the target surface, since the target is composed of a birefringent material, can be written approximately as:
M obj is a matrix normalized by the intensity of reflected light, m 22 And m 33 The line depolarization characteristics and the circle depolarization characteristics are shown.
Finally, the light is divided into two beams by a polarization beam splitter, and is respectively received by a barrel detector and is marked as I and I ⊥
Wherein the polarizing beam splitter can be represented by a muller matrix:
the target image is reconstructed by a compressed sensing orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP):
S out ＝Φx＝Φψa
x＝min||S out -Φψa|| 1
where Φ is the intensity I of light modulated by the spatial light modulator (x,y) The M x N sampling matrix is composed, S is the total intensity measurement signal of M x 1 dimension received by the barrel detector, a is the sparse coefficient of the original image on the sparse domain, ψ is the transformation base, x is the original image of 2 dimension, x and a are two equivalent representation forms of the image, x is the representation of the image on the spatial domain, and a is the representation of the image on the transformation domain.
When M N there is an infinite solution in theory, the solution is not difficult because part of the prior information of the image is obtained:
wherein II 0 Representing the L0 norm, the L0 norm representing the number of non-zero elements in the image, since the value obtained by solving for L0 is unstable,researchers point out that the L1 minimum norm may be equivalent to the L0 minimum norm in most cases, and thus may translate into:
the L1 norm represents the sum of the absolute values of the elements in the image and can be solved by using a linear programming problem. OMP as used herein belongs to a class of base tracking algorithms, the essential idea of which is: extracting column vectors from the matrix in an iterative manner as part of the measurement matrix, the selected column vectors must satisfy the maximum correlation with the measurement vector S, and deleting the selected column vectors during each iteration to ensure that the column vectors are not repeatedly selected until the iteration is terminated to reconstruct the image.
Finally change vector S Obtaining different imaging results:
I t ＝I || +I ⊥
I p ＝I || -I ⊥
when s=i t A calculated intensity ghost imaging result can be obtained when s=i p Polarization ghost imaging results can be obtained.
Example 1:
the imaging system and the imaging scheme are used for imaging in the detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The simulation laser generates visible light with the wavelength of 550nm and modulates the visible light into linearly polarized light S= (1, 0) through a polaroid T The spatial light modulator loads a series of patterns, amplitude modulation is carried out on linearly polarized light, the linearly polarized light irradiates the target after long-distance transmission and action with a scattering medium, the light reflected by the target acts with the scattering medium again, the converging lens converges the light on the polarizing beam splitter, the polarizing beam splitter outputs horizontally polarized light, the vertically polarized light is respectively received by two barrel detectors, finally, the values of the detectors are input into a computer to carry out reconstruction operation with a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm, and a sliding window continues to scan until the speckle covers the whole scene, so that the whole target image is reconstructed. Wherein the order isThe standard is English abbreviation of the university of fertilizer combination industry composed of steel, the target is arranged on a round stone, a layer of wood is arranged below the stone, the size of the target is 64 multiplied by 64, the size of the block speckle pattern is 4 multiplied by 4, and the size of the detector is 64 multiplied by 64cm 2 。
In the simulation, the scene to be imaged consists of three different objects, wherein the lowest layer is wood, the middle layer is marble, and the uppermost letter HFUT is made of iron. Iron and marble are both high reflectivity materials with small reflectivity difference, while coarse wood has low reflectivity, and the mueller matrix elements of the three objects are shown in the following table
Table 1 mueller matrix elements
A mist scattering system compliant with a logarithmic particle spectrum distribution model with a mean of 2 μm was used here:
ns represents the total droplet concentration R per unit volume, which is the radius of the droplet, sigma and R mean Representing the standard deviation and mean of the particles.
Modeling is mainly performed for a uniform mist dispersion system, and the refractive index of the approximately circular mist scattering particles is 1.335-1.0 -9 i, the air has a reflectance of 1 and six particle sizes of 0.409 μm,1.491 μm,2.574 μm,3.657 μm,4.74 μm and 5.823 μm, respectively, with an average of 2 μm. The scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient can be obtained from Mie scattering theory. According to Beer-Lambert theorem, when light is transmitted in a medium for a distance, the relationship between the incident light intensity and the output light intensity can be written as:
wherein T is the transmittance of the light intensity, I and I 0 The incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity, u e The light coefficient, typically the sum of the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient, and d is the transmission length.
Incident point light source, 1cm on detector is selected 2 Is equal to e, calculated from the transmittance of the scattering medium environment above -1 The distance of this time light transmission is recorded and defined as the optical distance L. And maintaining the set scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient in the medium environment, and doubling to five times the optical distance to obtain five scenes.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of intensity ghosting with polarized ghosting at different optical distances for a scanning window of 4 x 4. A 1 x optical distance was chosen. It can be seen that when photons undergo a few scattering events in the medium, the intensity ghost imaging target surface is covered with a "haze" and noise causes the target to have a reduced contrast with the background. As the optical distance increases, the number of ballistic photons decreases significantly, making the reconstructed target image invisible, and when the optical distance reaches 5 times, the large amount of stray light makes the information of the entire scene completely indistinguishable. For polarization ghost imaging, when the optical distance is 1 time, the target is clear and visible, the image is smooth and has no noise, the target and the background still keep higher contrast along with the increase of the optical distance, and when the optical distance reaches 5 times, although the boundary between marble and wood in the whole scene is not obvious, the target information is still distinguishable, and the absolute advantage of polarization detection in a complex medium environment is fully shown.
Fig. 4 shows contrast of imaging efficiency of different imaging modes. Selecting the model of the desktop computer asCore TM i7-5820K CPU@3.3GHz,RAM 64GB, simulating a platform Matlab (R2018 a), respectively running a program and recording imaging time. The two imaging modes have different image reconstruction algorithms, wherein the scanning imaging mode is compressed sensing, and the traditional imaging mode is second-orderAn association algorithm. In order to make the data more visual, the imaging time with the sampling rate of 100% and the scanning window size of 4×4 is taken as a standard, and the ratio of the imaging time to the standard time is recorded in a table for comparison. As can be seen from the data in the table, the scanning sampling mode has higher imaging efficiency than the conventional imaging mode.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
Claims (2)
1. A reflective scanning and calculating polarization ghost imaging system under a haze dispersion system is characterized in that: the device comprises a light source emitting end, a light source modulating end and a light source receiving end, wherein sliding windows with different sizes are arranged at the light source modulating end, laser emitted by the light source emitting end passes through the light source modulating end to spatially scan a target in a haze dispersion system, light reflected by the target acts with a haze dispersion system medium again, the light source receiving end receives a light source, a received light intensity value and a preset speckle field are subjected to reconstruction operation through an OMP algorithm, and illumination speckles move along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to enable the illumination speckles to cover the whole target, so that image information of the target is obtained, and a target two-dimensional image is reconstructed;
the light source emitting end comprises a laser, a collimating lens and a polaroid which are sequentially arranged;
the light source receiving end comprises a converging lens, a polarizing beam splitter, a barrel detector I, a barrel detector II and a computer, wherein light emitted by the laser is modulated into polarized light through the collimating lens and the polarizing plate, intensity modulation is carried out on the polarized light through the light source modulating end to generate a fluctuation light field which changes along with time and space, the fluctuation light field vertically enters an atmosphere haze dispersion system, light acting with a scattering system is reflected by a target and then passes through the atmosphere haze dispersion system again, the converging lens collects the light in the polarizing beam splitter, the light passing through the polarizing beam splitter is divided into two polarized light beams in the orthogonal direction and is respectively received by the barrel detector I and the barrel detector II, the two polarized light beams are respectively processed by the barrel detector I and the barrel detector II and then are input into the computer, and the computer carries out reconstruction operation on the collected light intensity value and a preset speckle field through an OMP algorithm to reconstruct a target two-dimensional image.
2. A reflective scanning computed polarization ghost imaging system in a haze dispersion as in claim 1, wherein: the sliding windows with different sizes are formed by arranging different illumination patterns through digital microlenses.
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| CN103528688A (en) * | 2013-07-07 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江大学 | Full polarization hyper spectral interference imaging device and method |
| CN103777206A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-07 | 上海交通大学 | Single-pixel imaging system based on polarization correlated imaging |
| CN110230995A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-13 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of area-of-interest imaging device based on ghost imaging |
| CN110646810A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 北京理工大学 | Speckle optimization compressed sensing ghost imaging method and system |
| CN111551955A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-18 | 北京理工大学 | Bionic blocking ghost imaging method and system |
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| CN103528688A (en) * | 2013-07-07 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江大学 | Full polarization hyper spectral interference imaging device and method |
| CN103777206A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-07 | 上海交通大学 | Single-pixel imaging system based on polarization correlated imaging |
| CN110230995A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-13 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of area-of-interest imaging device based on ghost imaging |
| CN110646810A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 北京理工大学 | Speckle optimization compressed sensing ghost imaging method and system |
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