CN113219064A - Method and apparatus for measuring acoustic propagation properties of materials - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for measuring acoustic propagation properties of a material. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining two square material blocks with a preset value thickness difference, then respectively transmitting and receiving excitation signals on the two material blocks to be detected by an ultrasonic probe, and finally obtaining the acoustic propagation attribute of the material to be detected according to the thickness difference and the excitation signals of the two material blocks to be detected. The method reduces the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the material as much as possible, and avoids various energy losses; the influence of the blind area is small, and the measurement accuracy is still good even if the sample piece is thin; the method is not influenced by the properties of multi-component, multi-interface and multi-scattering materials, and the transmitted wave signals are used for measurement, so that the purity of the signals is high.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of material property measurement technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for measuring a sound propagation property of a material.
Background
When an ultrasonic wave propagates through a material, a phenomenon in which the sound pressure or sound energy gradually decreases with an increase in distance is called propagation attenuation of the ultrasonic wave.
The attenuation is mainly caused by three aspects, namely, the diffusion of the sound beam; secondly, the grains or other tiny particles in the material scatter the sound waves; and thirdly, absorption of the medium. The attenuation of ultrasonic waves in a medium is closely related to the frequency of the medium material and the ultrasonic waves, and in general, the attenuation increases with increasing frequency. On the other hand, a metallic material having coarse grains or a composite material composed of multiple phases may cause severe scattering of ultrasonic waves, which is also one of the causes of attenuation of ultrasonic waves.
The related art measures the acoustic propagation property of the material by using a pulse reflection method, even a multiple reflection method, and the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave in the material is 2 delta, even n x 2 delta. Therefore, when the method is used for measuring a material with a high sound attenuation coefficient, two serious problems exist, so that the method cannot be used for measuring: 1. the measurement cannot be performed because the ultrasonic echo signal is not received. In the case of a non-metallic composite material, the ultrasonic wave is rapidly attenuated inside the material, and an echo signal cannot be received. 2. A composite material consisting of multiple phases and multiple interfaces in the composite material can generate a large amount of interface reflected waves, so that bottom surface echoes and interface echoes cannot be distinguished, and measurement cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus for measuring acoustic propagation properties of a material.
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a method of measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material, comprising:
acquiring a first signal waveform of a first ultrasonic signal after the first ultrasonic signal penetrates through a first square block of a first thickness by an ultrasonic receiving probe provided on a first surface of the first square block, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square block, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and spaced apart from the first thickness;
acquiring a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating a second block of square material of a second thickness through the ultrasonic receiving probe disposed on a third surface of the second block of square material, wherein the second block of square material is formed of the same material as the first block of square material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second block of square material and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, and the third surface is opposite to and spaced apart from the fourth surface by the second thickness;
and calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform, the second signal waveform and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
Based on the same inventive concept, one or more embodiments of the present specification further provide an apparatus for measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material, including an ultrasonic receiving probe and a processor,
wherein the ultrasonic receiving probe is disposed on a first surface of a first square piece of material to acquire a first signal waveform after a first ultrasonic signal penetrates the first square piece of material at a first thickness, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square piece of material, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and spaced apart from the first thickness;
the ultrasonic receiving probe is positioned on a third surface of a second block of square material to obtain a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating the second block of square material a second thickness, wherein the second block of square material is formed of the same material as the first block of square material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second block of square material and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, the third surface is opposite to and spaced from the fourth surface by the second thickness;
the processor is configured to: and calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform and the second signal waveform obtained by the ultrasonic receiving probe and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
As can be seen from the above, the method and apparatus for measuring the acoustic propagation property of a material provided by the present disclosure implement measurement of the acoustic propagation property of the material by using a direct penetration method, and obtain an excitation signal attenuated after passing through the material by arranging ultrasonic transmitting and collecting sensors on two opposite sides of the material to be measured, thereby calculating the acoustic propagation property of the material to be measured. The propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the material is greatly reduced, and the reflection loss is avoided; a measurement blind area does not exist, and even if the thickness of the test sample piece is very thin, the measurement result is still not influenced; the method is not influenced by the properties of multi-component, multi-interface and multi-scattering materials, and the signal purity is high.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present disclosure or related technologies, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present disclosure, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of attenuation coefficient measurement of a thin plate workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of attenuation coefficient of a thick plate workpiece;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a material acoustic propagation property measurement method of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic probe arrangement for two square test pieces of different thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a signal obtained when measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of a thin plate of a high attenuation material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a signal waveform obtained when measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient of a slab of high attenuation material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a signal obtained when measuring a sound propagation velocity of a thin plate of a high attenuation material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a signal waveform obtained when measuring the acoustic propagation velocity of a slab of high attenuation material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a material acoustic propagation property measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should have a general meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the embodiments of the disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
As discussed in the background section, existing material acoustic propagation property measurement schemes also have difficulty meeting the needs of material acoustic propagation property measurements, particularly high acoustic attenuation material acoustic propagation property measurements. In the process of implementing the present disclosure, the applicant finds that there are two main existing technical solutions for measuring the acoustic propagation property of a material:
for a test piece with smaller thickness, parallel upper and lower bottom surfaces and smooth surface, a straight probe can be placed on the surface of the test piece to make the sound wave reflected back and forth on the upper surface, multiple bottom waves appear on the display screen, and the bottom wave heights are reduced sequentially due to medium attenuation and reflection loss, as shown in fig. 1. The dielectric attenuation coefficient is calculated as follows:
in the formula Bm、BnRepresents the m and n timesA bottom wave height; m and n represent the m and n bottom waves; n is more than m, delta represents the reflection loss of the bottom surface, and the reflection loss of the bottom surface is about (0.5-1) dB each time; x represents the specimen thickness.
For test pieces with a thickness greater than 200mm, the attenuation coefficient can be measured using the first and second bottom waves, as shown in fig. 2. The calculation formula is as follows:
however, the related art uses a pulse reflection method, even a multiple reflection method, and the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave in the material has a thickness of 2 δ, even n × 2 δ. Therefore, when the method is used for measuring a material with a high sound attenuation coefficient, two serious problems exist, so that the method cannot be used for measuring: 1. the measurement cannot be performed because the ultrasonic echo signal is not received. In the case of a non-metallic composite material, the ultrasonic wave is rapidly attenuated inside the material, and an echo signal cannot be received. 2. A composite material consisting of multiple phases and multiple interfaces in the composite material can generate a large amount of interface reflected waves, so that bottom surface echoes and interface echoes cannot be distinguished, and measurement cannot be performed.
In view of this, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a scheme for measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material, specifically, two material blocks to be measured with a preset value thickness difference are obtained first, then an ultrasonic probe transmits and receives excitation signals on the two material blocks to be measured, and finally the acoustic propagation property of the material to be measured is obtained according to the thickness difference and the excitation signals of the two material blocks to be measured.
The technical solutions of one or more embodiments of the present specification are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 3, a method of measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material of one embodiment of the present description includes the steps of:
step S301, acquiring a first signal waveform of a first ultrasonic signal after the first ultrasonic signal penetrates through a first square material block with a first thickness by an ultrasonic receiving probe arranged on a first surface of the first square material block, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square material block, and the first surface is opposite to the second surface and is separated from the second surface by the first thickness;
in this step, as shown in fig. 4, two square pieces to be measured having different thicknesses are prepared, the thicknesses of which are the first square material block d and the second square material block d + δ, and an ultrasonic transmitting probe and an ultrasonic receiving probe are respectively placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piece to be measured.
Step S302, acquiring a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating a second square material block with a second thickness through the ultrasonic receiving probe disposed on a third surface of the second square material block, wherein the second square material block and the first square material block are formed of the same material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second square material block and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, and the third surface is opposite to the fourth surface and is spaced apart from the second thickness;
in the step, the ultrasonic transmitting probe is excited by combining a function signal generator and a power amplifier, the excitation signal is a burst (burst) sinusoidal pulse signal, and the signal of the receiving probe is displayed by an oscilloscope. Let the highest received signal strength of a sample of a first square piece of material with thickness dmm be a (vpp) and the highest received signal strength of a sample of a second square piece of material with thickness (d + δ) mm be b (vpp).
Step S303, calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform, the second signal waveform and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
In this step, the acoustic propagation property includes an acoustic attenuation coefficient and an acoustic propagation speed of the material to be measured, and when the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material to be measured is measured, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein α represents an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material; δ represents the difference in thickness of two blocks of square material; a represents the intensity of the attenuated excitation signal of the first square material block; b represents the intensity of the attenuated excitation signal of the second square material block.
When measuring the sound propagation speed of the material to be measured, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein c represents the acoustic propagation velocity of the material; δ represents the difference in thickness of two blocks of square material; t is t1A signal peak arrival time representative of the first square material piece; t is t2Representing the arrival time of the signal peak of said second block of square material.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the measurement of the acoustic propagation property of the material is performed by a direct penetration method, and the ultrasonic transmitting and collecting sensors are arranged on the two opposite surfaces of the material to be measured to obtain the excitation signal attenuated after passing through the material, so as to calculate the acoustic propagation property of the material to be measured. The propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the material is reduced as much as possible, and various energy losses are avoided; the influence of the blind area is small, and the measurement accuracy is still good even if the sample piece is thin; the method is not influenced by properties of multi-component, multi-interface and multi-scattering materials, and the transmitted wave signals are used for measurement, so that the purity of the signals is high, and interference clutter is difficult to eliminate if the reflected signals are used for measurement.
As a specific example, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the measured waveform of a certain high attenuation material, the measured waveform of a sample with thickness d in fig. 5, and the measured waveform of a sample with thickness d + δ in fig. 6 show signal peaks at peak 6, the peak-to-peak voltage of a sample with thickness d is 2.25 × 8 to 18V, and the peak-to-peak voltage of a sample with thickness d + δ is 1.48 × 8 to 11.84V, so the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material is:
as a specific example, referring to fig. 7 and 8, schematic diagrams of signal waveforms obtained when measuring the sound propagation velocity of a thin plate and a thick plate of a high attenuation material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown.
As an alternative embodiment, when the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material to be measured is not very high, the excitation mode of the ultrasonic wave may be different from that of the burst sine excitation described in the present disclosure, and the burst sine excitation is used for the ultrasonic excitation, which is a method with higher efficiency.
When the attenuation coefficient is low to a certain degree, a short pulse signal excited by a commonly used ultrasonic flaw detector may be used for excitation.
It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments described above and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a material sound propagation property measuring device corresponding to the method of any embodiment.
Referring to fig. 9, the material acoustic propagation property measurement apparatus includes:
a preparation module 901 configured to obtain two blocks of material to be measured with a preset numerical thickness difference: a first material block to be tested and a second material block to be tested:
the excitation module 902 is configured to send out an excitation signal on one surface of the material block to be detected by the ultrasonic emission probe;
a receiving module 903, configured to receive the excitation signal attenuated by the material at the other surface of the material block to be tested by the ultrasonic receiving probe;
and a calculating module 904 configured to obtain the acoustic propagation property of the material to be measured according to the thickness difference and the attenuated excitation signals of the first material block and the second material block.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be further described in the following ways:
a method of measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material, comprising:
acquiring a first signal waveform of a first ultrasonic signal after the first ultrasonic signal penetrates through a first square block of a first thickness by an ultrasonic receiving probe provided on a first surface of the first square block, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square block, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and spaced apart from the first thickness;
acquiring a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating a second block of square material of a second thickness through the ultrasonic receiving probe disposed on a third surface of the second block of square material, wherein the second block of square material is formed of the same material as the first block of square material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second block of square material and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, and the third surface is opposite to and spaced apart from the fourth surface by the second thickness;
and calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform, the second signal waveform and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
Optionally, the calculating the acoustic propagation property of the material includes:
calculating the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material according to the following formula:
wherein a represents an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material, a represents a highest intensity indicated by the first signal waveform, b represents a highest intensity indicated by the second signal waveform, and δ represents a difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
Optionally, the calculating the acoustic propagation property of the material includes:
calculating the sound propagation speed of the material according to the following formula:
wherein c represents the acoustic propagation velocity of the material, δ represents the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness, t1Representing the time difference, t, between the first peak position indicated by said first signal waveform and the rising edge of the synchronization signal2Representing the time difference between the first peak position indicated by the second signal waveform and the rising edge of the synchronization signal.
Optionally, the first ultrasonic signal and the second ultrasonic signal are both generated by a function signal generator in combination with a power amplifier exciting an ultrasonic transmitting probe.
Alternatively, a burst of sinusoidal pulse signals is used to excite the ultrasound transmitting probe.
Alternatively, any one of a burst cosine pulse signal, a continuous sine pulse signal, a burst square wave pulse signal and a continuous square wave pulse signal is used to excite the ultrasonic transmission probe.
Optionally, the first ultrasonic signal and the second ultrasonic signal are both generated by exciting an ultrasonic transmitting probe by a function signal generator.
Optionally, the first ultrasonic signal and the second ultrasonic signal are both short pulse signals excited by an ultrasonic flaw detector.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the various modules may be implemented in the same one or more software and/or hardware implementations of the present disclosure.
The device of the above embodiment is used to implement the corresponding material acoustic propagation property measurement method in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which are not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the present disclosure, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
In addition, well-known power/ground connections to Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure the embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present disclosure, and this also takes into account the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram devices are highly dependent upon the platform within which the embodiments of the present disclosure are to be implemented (i.e., specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the disclosure can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive.
While the present disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic ram (dram)) may use the discussed embodiments.
The disclosed embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like that may be made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring an acoustic propagation property of a material, comprising:
acquiring a first signal waveform of a first ultrasonic signal after the first ultrasonic signal penetrates through a first square block of a first thickness by an ultrasonic receiving probe provided on a first surface of the first square block, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square block, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and spaced apart from the first thickness;
acquiring a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating a second block of square material of a second thickness through the ultrasonic receiving probe disposed on a third surface of the second block of square material, wherein the second block of square material is formed of the same material as the first block of square material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second block of square material and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, and the third surface is opposite to and spaced apart from the fourth surface by the second thickness;
and calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform, the second signal waveform and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the acoustic propagation properties of the material comprises:
calculating the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material according to the following formula:
wherein a represents an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the material, a represents a highest intensity indicated by the first signal waveform, b represents a highest intensity indicated by the second signal waveform, and δ represents a difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the acoustic propagation properties of the material comprises:
calculating the sound propagation speed of the material according to the following formula:
wherein c represents the acoustic propagation velocity of the material, δ represents the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness, t1Representing the time difference, t, between the first peak position indicated by said first signal waveform and the rising edge of the synchronization signal2Representing the time difference between the first peak position indicated by the second signal waveform and the rising edge of the synchronization signal.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second ultrasonic signals are both generated by a functional signal generator in combination with a power amplifier energizing an ultrasonic transmit probe.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a burst of sinusoidal pulse signals is used to excite the ultrasound transmission probe.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein any one of a burst cosine pulse signal, a continuous sine pulse signal, a burst square wave pulse signal and a continuous square wave pulse signal is used to excite the ultrasonic wave transmission probe.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second ultrasonic signals are both generated by a functional signal generator exciting an ultrasonic transmit probe.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein any one of a burst cosine pulse signal, a continuous sine pulse signal, a burst square wave pulse signal and a continuous square wave pulse signal is used to excite the ultrasonic wave transmission probe.
9. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first ultrasonic signal and the second ultrasonic signal are both short pulse signals excited by an ultrasonic flaw detector.
10. An apparatus for measuring acoustic propagation properties of a material, comprising an ultrasonic receiving probe and a processor,
wherein the ultrasonic receiving probe is disposed on a first surface of a first square piece of material to acquire a first signal waveform after a first ultrasonic signal penetrates the first square piece of material at a first thickness, wherein the first ultrasonic signal is excited on a second surface of the first square piece of material, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and spaced apart from the first thickness;
the ultrasonic receiving probe is positioned on a third surface of a second block of square material to obtain a second signal waveform of a second ultrasonic signal after penetrating the second block of square material a second thickness, wherein the second block of square material is formed of the same material as the first block of square material, the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, the second ultrasonic signal is excited on a fourth surface of the second block of square material and has the same waveform as the first ultrasonic signal, the third surface is opposite to and spaced from the fourth surface by the second thickness;
the processor is configured to: and calculating the sound propagation property of the material according to the first signal waveform and the second signal waveform obtained by the ultrasonic receiving probe and the difference between the second thickness and the first thickness.
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