CN113218816B - Method for testing density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using thermogravimetric method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method, which comprises the following steps of; step one, as the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of the gas density, the density of different gases can be distinguished by utilizing the phenomenon, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when the thermal analysis test is carried out, the gas flow is controlled by using a mass flowmeter, the T value can be described as T-G-F (1) from the analysis of the T value of the thermal analysis, and the T value is cleared to zero in order to facilitate the calculation when the test is started; the invention can test the density of the known gas at different temperatures, the density of the unknown gas at different temperatures and the volume of the small object with different properties by utilizing the buoyancy effect of the thermal analysis TG curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas density testing, in particular to a method for testing densities of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method.
Background
In industrial applications, the petrochemical industry, the electronics industry, and all industries involving the use of gases have a need to test the density of the gas. Current methods of measuring gas density are by scales; a measuring cylinder; and bottles with plugs and good sealing performance can not be tested by simple and crude instruments, automatic measurement cannot be realized, and the change of gas density under different temperature changes cannot be accurately measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the prior method for testing the gas density passes through a balance; a measuring cylinder; the method for testing the density of the unknown gas at different temperatures by using the thermogravimetric method has the effects of testing the density of the known gas at different temperatures, the density of the unknown gas at different temperatures and the small object volume of the different types by using the buoyancy effect of a thermal analysis TG curve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for testing the density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method comprises the following steps;
step one, as the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of gas density, the phenomenon can be used for distinguishing the densities of different gases, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when a thermal analysis test is carried out, a mass flowmeter is used for controlling the gas flow, the T value can be described as T (G-F (1)) from the analysis of the thermal analysis T value, in the formula (1), T is a thermogravimetric balance numerical value, G is the gravity of a support, F is the buoyancy of the support, and when the test is started, the T value is required to be cleared to zero in order to facilitate calculation;
step two, the buoyancy of the object in the gas can be expressed as F ═ ρ gV (2), and it can be obtained in formula (2) that F is the buoyancy to which the support is subjected, ρ is the gas density, g is the gravity acceleration, V is the support volume, and the gas density is mainly affected by three factors, i.e. 1 gas type, 2 temperature, and 3 atmosphere pressure standard conditions (0 ℃, 100 kPa);
step three, when the temperature in the thermal analysis furnace body rises, the density of the gas is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the atmospheric pressure at the same place is unchanged, the gravity acceleration is also unchanged, the volume of the bracket is slightly increased, the change of V can be obtained through calculation, and the volume expansion of the gas is far greater than that of the bracket, so that the T value of the thermal analysis TG curve is gradually increased along with the temperature, and the increase of the T value is mainly influenced by the reduction of the density of the gas;
fourthly, calculating the density of the gas at the known temperature at different temperature points by utilizing the buoyancy effect; knowing that the change of the T value at any two points in the curve is the increase of the T value due to the change of the gas buoyancy, Tb-Ta-rho agV-rho bgV (3) can be obtained, the T value at any temperature can be read by a thermobalance, gV-Ta)/(rho a-rho b (4) can be obtained, and the density value of the gas at any other temperature point can be calculated from rho-rho b- (T-Tb)/gV (5);
step five, calculating the density of the unknown gas according to the density of the known gas; at the same temperature, g is gravity acceleration, V is the same volume of the stent, and then the change of the T value is mainly related to the gas density, so that Te/ρ e ═ k ═ ρ a (Ta/ρ a) (6) can be obtained for different gases at the same temperature, Te and Ta in the formula (6) are respectively the T values of the known gas tests, k is a correction coefficient, ρ a and ρ e are gas a, and the density of the gas e is obtained, then k ═ Ta ═ ρ e/Te ═ ρ a (7) can be obtained, and in the case of the known T value, any unknown gas density ρ ═ k ═ T ═ ρ a/Ta (7) can be obtained;
calculating the volume change of the small special-shaped object according to the known gas; in the same gas, although the gas density is the same, the buoyancy is different due to different volumes of objects such as different crucibles, so that the difference with the temperature change can be displayed on the thermal analysis thermogravimetric curve, the volume of an unknown object including the volume of an object with opposite sex can be obtained by utilizing the difference, the k value can be obtained by calculation by using the volume of a known object, and the arbitrary small object volume formula can be obtained as V VaT/kTa (10).
Preferably, any desired gas molar volume is 22.4L/mol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing the density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can utilize buoyancy effect of thermal analysis TG curve to test density of known gas at different temperatures, density of unknown gas at different temperatures and volume of small object with different characteristics, the thermogravimetric analyzer is used for testing weight change of a sample along with temperature change process, because the resolution of the thermal analysis balance is milligram precision, the thermogravimetric data precision of the sample test is very high, atmosphere with constant mass, generally argon, helium, nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and the like, is introduced into a furnace body in order to protect or react the sample in the thermal analysis test process, and baseline test is carried out on the instrument before the sample is tested to deduct background, the degree of the balance is generated by the sample in the gas under the combined action of gravity and buoyancy in the gas, because the buoyancy in the gas is too small relative to the gravity, the buoyancy in the gas is often ignored, and the minute change can be sensed under high precision, the buoyancy effect is shown as that the TG value is gradually increased along with the temperature increase, the gas density is reduced due to the temperature increase in the temperature rise process, the buoyancy of a sample support surrounded by gas is reduced, and the gravity is unchanged, so that the TG value of the balance reaction is increased, the baseline background of the TG value is different in the heating process when different gases are introduced into a furnace body experiment, although the buoyancy effect is not beneficial to the baseline deduction of the thermogravimetric analysis of the sample, the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of the gas density, so that the density of different gases can be distinguished by using the phenomenon, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when the thermogravimetric analysis test is carried out, and the mass flow meter is used for controlling the gas flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation of a blank TG curve under different gases according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of blank TG curves of crucibles of different sizes in the same gas.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for testing the density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method comprises the following steps;
step one, as the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of gas density, the phenomenon can be used for distinguishing the densities of different gases, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when a thermal analysis test is carried out, a mass flowmeter is used for controlling the gas flow, the T value can be described as T (G-F (1)) from the analysis of the thermal analysis T value, in the formula (1), T is a thermogravimetric balance numerical value, G is the gravity of a support, F is the buoyancy of the support, and when the test is started, the T value is required to be cleared to zero in order to facilitate calculation;
step two, the buoyancy of the object in the gas can be expressed as F ═ ρ gV (2), it can be obtained in formula (2) that F is the buoyancy to which the support is subjected, ρ is the gas density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and V is the support volume, and the gas density is mainly affected by three factors, i.e. 1 gas type, 2 temperatures, and 3 atmospheric pressure standard conditions (0 ℃, 100 kPa);
step three, when the temperature in the thermal analysis furnace body rises, the density of the gas is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the atmospheric pressure at the same place is unchanged, the gravity acceleration is also unchanged, the volume of the bracket is slightly increased, the change of V can be obtained through calculation, and the volume expansion of the gas is far greater than the expansion of the bracket, so that the T value of a thermal analysis TG curve is gradually increased along with the temperature, and the increase of the T value is mainly influenced by the reduction of the density of the gas;
fourthly, calculating the density of the gas at the known temperature at different temperature points by utilizing the buoyancy effect; knowing that the change of the T value at any two points in the curve is the increase of the T value due to the change of the gas buoyancy, Tb-Ta can be obtained as ρ agV- ρ bgV (3), the T value at any temperature can be read by a thermobalance, gV can be obtained as (Tb-Ta)/(ρ a- ρ b) (4), and the density value of the gas to obtain other any temperature points can be calculated as ρ b- (T-Tb)/gV (5);
step five, calculating the density of the unknown gas according to the density of the known gas; at the same temperature, g is gravity acceleration, V is the same volume of the stent, and then the change of the T value is mainly related to the gas density, so that Te/ρ e ═ k ═ ρ a (Ta/ρ a) (6) can be obtained for different gases at the same temperature, Te and Ta in the formula (6) are respectively the T values of the known gas tests, k is a correction coefficient, ρ a and ρ e are gas a, and the density of the gas e is obtained, then k ═ Ta ═ ρ e/Te ═ ρ a (7) can be obtained, and in the case of the known T value, any unknown gas density ρ ═ k ═ T ═ ρ a/Ta (7) can be obtained;
step six, calculating the volume change of the small irregular object according to the known gas; in the same gas, although the gas density is the same, the buoyancy is different due to different volumes of objects such as different crucibles, so that the difference with the temperature change can be displayed on the thermal analysis thermogravimetric curve, the volume of an unknown object including the object with the opposite sex can be obtained by utilizing the volume of the known object, the k value can be obtained by calculation through Ta/rho gVa (kTe/rho gVe (8), and the k value can be obtained through TeVa/Tave (9), so that the arbitrary small object volume formula can be obtained, wherein V is VaT/kTa (10).
In the present invention, it is preferred that any desired gas molar volume be 22.4L/mol.
Example 1
A method for testing the density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method comprises the following steps;
firstly, because the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of gas density, the phenomenon can be used for distinguishing the densities of different gases, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when a thermal analysis test is carried out, a mass flowmeter is used for controlling the gas flow, a T value can be described as T (G-F (1) from the analysis of a thermal analysis T value, and the T value is required to be cleared to zero in order to facilitate calculation when the test is started;
step two, the buoyancy of the object in the gas can be expressed as F ═ ρ gV (2), and the density of the gas is mainly influenced by three factors, namely 1 gas type, 2 temperature and 3 atmospheric pressure standard conditions (0 ℃, 100 kPa);
step three, when the temperature in the thermal analysis furnace body rises, the density of the gas is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the atmospheric pressure at the same place is unchanged, the gravity acceleration is also unchanged, the volume of the bracket is slightly increased, the change of V can be obtained through calculation, and the volume expansion of the gas is far greater than that of the bracket, so that the T value of the thermal analysis TG curve is gradually increased along with the temperature, and the increase of the T value is mainly influenced by the reduction of the density of the gas;
fourthly, calculating the density of the gas at the known temperature at different temperature points by utilizing the buoyancy effect; knowing that the change of the T value at any two points in the curve is the increase of the T value due to the change of the gas buoyancy, Tb-Ta-rho agV-rho bgV (3) can be obtained, the T value at any temperature can be read by a thermobalance, gV-Ta)/(rho a-rho b (4) can be obtained, and the density value of the gas at any other temperature point can be calculated from rho-rho b- (T-Tb)/gV (5);
step five, calculating the density of the unknown gas according to the density of the known gas; at the same temperature, g is the gravity acceleration, V is the same volume of the bracket, and the change of the T value is mainly related to the gas density, so that Te/rho (k) is obtained by different gases at the same temperature (Ta/rho a) (6);
calculating the volume change of the small special-shaped object according to the known gas; in the same gas, although the gas density is the same, the buoyancy is different due to different volumes of objects such as different crucibles, and therefore, the difference with the temperature change can be displayed on the thermal analysis thermogravimetric curve, and by utilizing the difference, the volume of an unknown object including the object volume with the opposite sex can be obtained by utilizing the volume of a known object, the k value can be obtained by calculation at Ta/rho gVa ═ kTe/rho gVe (8), and the k value can be obtained at TeVa/Tave (9), so that the arbitrary small object volume formula can be obtained as V ═ VaT/kTa (10).
Example 2
In the formula (1), T is a thermogravimetric balance value, G is a support gravity, F is a buoyancy force applied to the support, in the formula (2), F can be obtained as the buoyancy force applied to the support, ρ is a gas density, G is a gravity acceleration, V is a support volume, any ideal gas molar volume is 22.4L/mol, in the formula (6), Te and Ta are respectively a T value of a known gas test, k is a correction coefficient, ρ a and ρ e are a gas a and a gas e density, so that k is Ta ρ e/Te ρ a (7) can be obtained, and in the case of the known T value, any unknown gas density ρ is k ρ T ρ a/Ta (7) can be obtained.
The invention can utilize buoyancy effect of thermal analysis TG curve to test density of known gas at different temperatures, density of unknown gas at different temperatures and volume of small object with different characteristics, the thermogravimetric analyzer is used for testing weight change of a sample along with temperature change process, because the resolution of the thermal analysis balance is milligram precision, the thermogravimetric data precision of the sample test is very high, atmosphere with constant mass, generally argon, helium, nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and the like, is introduced into a furnace body in order to protect or react the sample in the thermal analysis test process, and baseline test is carried out on the instrument before the sample is tested to deduct background, the degree of the balance is generated by the sample in the gas under the combined action of gravity and buoyancy in the gas, because the buoyancy in the gas is too small relative to the gravity, the buoyancy in the gas is often ignored, and the minute change can be sensed under high precision, the buoyancy effect appears in TG analysis, the buoyancy effect shows that TG value is gradually increased along with temperature increase, gas density is reduced due to temperature increase in the temperature rise process, buoyancy of a sample support surrounded by gas is reduced, and gravity is unchanged, so that TG value of balance reaction is increased, the phenomenon shows that base line background of TG value is different in the heating process when different gases are introduced into a furnace body experiment, although the buoyancy effect is not beneficial to base line deduction of thermogravimetric analysis of the sample, the buoyancy effect is caused by gas density change, so that the density of different gases can be distinguished by the phenomenon, gas flow is ensured to be consistent when the thermogravimetric analysis test is carried out, and the mass flow meter is used for controlling gas flow.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including various technical features being combined in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing the density of unknown gas at different temperatures by using a thermogravimetric method is characterized by comprising the following steps;
step one, as the buoyancy effect is caused by the change of the gas density, the density of different gases can be distinguished by utilizing the phenomenon, the gas flow is ensured to be consistent when a thermal analysis test is carried out, the gas flow is controlled by using a mass flow meter, the T value can be described as T-G-F (1) from the analysis of the T value of the thermal analysis, in the formula (1), T is the value of a thermal gravimetric balance, G is the gravity of a support, F is the buoyancy force borne by the support, and the T value needs to be reset in order to facilitate calculation when the test is started;
step two, the buoyancy of the object in the gas can be expressed as F ═ ρ gV (2), and it can be obtained in formula (2) that F is the buoyancy to which the support is subjected, ρ is the gas density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and V is the support volume;
step three, when the temperature in the thermal analysis furnace body rises, the density of the gas is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the atmospheric pressure at the same place is unchanged, the gravity acceleration is also unchanged, the volume of the bracket is slightly increased, the change of V can be obtained through calculation, and the volume expansion of the gas is far greater than that of the bracket, so that the T value of the thermal analysis TG curve is gradually increased along with the temperature, and the increase of the T value is mainly influenced by the reduction of the density of the gas;
fourthly, calculating the density of the gas at the known temperature at different temperature points by utilizing the buoyancy effect; knowing that the change of the T value at any two points in the curve is the increase of the T value due to the change of the gas buoyancy, Tb-Ta-rho agV-rho bgV (3) can be obtained, the T value at any temperature can be read by a thermobalance, gV-Ta)/(rho a-rho b (4) can be obtained, and the density value of the gas at any other temperature point can be calculated from rho-rho b- (T-Tb)/gV (5);
step five, calculating the density of the unknown gas according to the density of the known gas; at the same temperature, g is gravity acceleration, V is the same volume of the stent, and then the change of the T value is mainly related to the gas density, so that Te/ρ e ═ k ═ ρ a (Ta/ρ a) (6) can be obtained for different gases at the same temperature, Te and Ta in the formula (6) are respectively the T values of the known gas tests, k is a correction coefficient, ρ a and ρ e are gas a, and the density of the gas e is obtained, then k ═ Ta ═ ρ e/Te ═ ρ a (7) can be obtained, and in the case of the known T value, any unknown gas density ρ ═ k ═ T ═ ρ a/Ta (7) can be obtained;
step six, calculating the volume change of the small irregular object according to the known gas; in the same gas, although the gas density is the same, the buoyancy is different due to different volumes of different crucibles, so that the difference with the temperature change can be displayed on the thermogravimetric curve of thermal analysis, the volume of an unknown object including the object with the opposite property can be obtained by utilizing the volume of the known object by utilizing the difference, the k value can be obtained by calculation through Ta/rho gVa (kTe/rho gVe (8), and the k value can be obtained by calculation through TeVa/Tave (9), so that the arbitrary small object volume formula can be obtained as V (VaT/kTa) (10).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired gas molar volume is 22.4L/mol for any desired gas.
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