CN113218610A - Strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device and a control method thereof, wherein the device comprises: the loading box, the explosion venting hole, the loading hole and the piston force transmission device; the explosion venting hole and the loading hole are respectively arranged on two end faces adjacent to the loading hole and are arranged close to each other; the piston force transmission device is arranged on the loading hole, and the tail end of the piston force transmission device is connected with the impacted structure; by detonating explosives in the loading box, impact load is simulated at the loading hole and is transmitted to an impacted structure through the piston force transmission device; simulating impact loads of various pressure peak values and pulse widths by adjusting parameters such as the dose, the detonation position and the explosion venting hole area; the device and the method can be used for conveniently and effectively simulating strong impact and large pulse width impact loads and can be used for impact evaluation of structures and equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of explosion impact damage assessment, and particularly relates to a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device and a control method thereof.
Background
The structure is subjected to impact load under the conditions of explosion impact of structures such as buildings and ships, impact of high-speed water entering of aircrafts and the like. In order to assess the impact resistance of the structure, an impact experiment needs to be carried out on the structure, and the traditional impact load generating device comprises an impact machine, an impact platform, direct explosion and the like. However, the impulse width of the impact load is short, and no effective load applying means exists for large impulse width loads such as high-speed water entering of an aircraft.
The prior related patent only applies instantaneous impact load, and the pulse width of the impact load does not exceed millisecond order. For large pulse width loads such as high-speed water entering of an aircraft, the pulse width reaches hundreds of milliseconds, so that similar impact loads cannot be applied by the existing load application method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impact load simulation device and method in order to solve the problems and enable the impulse width of the impact load to reach the hundred millisecond level.
The invention is realized by the following method:
a high impact large pulse width impact load simulation apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a loading box, a explosion venting hole 1, a loading hole 2 and a piston force transmission device 3; the explosion venting hole 1 and the loading hole 2 are respectively arranged on two end faces close to the loading box and are arranged close to each other; the piston force transmission device 3 is arranged on the loading hole 2, and the tail end of the piston force transmission device 3 is connected with an impacted structure; by initiating explosives in the loading chamber, the impact load is simulated at the loading hole 2 and transferred to the impacted structure through the piston force transfer device 3.
Furthermore, the piston force transmission device 3 is provided with a stopper which is sealed by rubber.
A control method applied to a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 4, arranging explosives by personnel;
step 5, withdrawing the loading box, and externally connecting a circular ring plate at the explosion venting hole 1 of the loading box to enable the explosion venting hole 1 to reach the designed area;
and 6, detonating the explosive to finish loading.
Furthermore, the specified impact load peak value and pulse width are achieved by adjusting the dosage, the initiation position and the area of the explosion venting hole 1;
the explosive load in the loading box can be simplified into two stages: the first stage is shock wave load with overpressure peak value of PrIs caused by incident overpressure PsActing on the wall surface of the structure for a reflection with a time tau1(ii) a The second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the overpressure peak value is Pqs；
Incident overpressure P generated by TNT explosive explosion in loading boxsThe semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
wherein the incident overpressure PsIn MPa, Z is the proportional distance:
wherein R is the distance from the center of the medicine package to a measuring point, and the unit m and the unit Q are the medicine amount and the unit kg;
first stage shock wave load action time tau1The semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
the shock wave in the loading box can form reflection at the contact plate frame structure, and the overpressure peak value P of the reflected shock waverThe calculation formula is as follows:
the second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value is PqsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein Q is the dose and V is the volume of the loading chamber;
aiming at the quasi-static pressure load, the quasi-static pressure is more accurate in exponential form along with the time attenuation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
P(t)＝Pme-ct (6)
wherein, PmIs the peak value of an exponential curve, namely the maximum pressure of an exponential model, c is an intermediate parameter, and the value of c is as follows:
wherein A is0To relieve pressure area, C0Is the air medium sound velocity;
quasi-static pressure maximum pressure occurs at tau1At the moment of time, its pressure is Pqs+P0I.e. quasi-static overpressure peak PqsTo atmospheric pressure P0The sum of (1):
and decay stop time tau of quasi-static pressure2Corresponding to a reduction in pressure to atmospheric pressure P0：
The combined sum can give the quasi-static pressure decay stop time tau2Comprises the following steps:
the load pulse width is taken to be τ:
τ＝τ2+τ1 (11)
the design steps of the loading box are as follows:
(1) according to the specified pressure peak value, the dosages Q and R given by the formula (4) are selected, and according to the size of the test field and the range of the explosive allowable dosages, proper Q and proper R are selected preliminarily;
(2) according to the load peak value, the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value P is estimatedqsCalculating the volume V of the loading box by the formula (5);
(3) designing explosion venting area A according with the load pulse width by calculating according to a target load pulse width tau through a formula (11)0；
(4) Calculating a target load impulse, designing Q, R, A according to the formulas (4), (5) and (11)0And the difference between the design load impulse and the target load impulse meets the requirement.
Further, the loading box is composed of a plate frame structure, the plate frame structure enables the loading box not to generate plastic strain in a target load range, and the design formula of the plate thickness equivalent to the plate frame structure is as follows:
V0＜Vcr (12)
wherein, V0Is the average velocity, V, instantaneously attained by the structure of the panel after impactcrIs the critical velocity;
critical speed V of plate framecrComprises the following steps:
in the formula: sigmayThe yield stress of the plate frame structure material is shown, and rho is the density of the steel plate;
average velocity V of the panel-frame structure obtained instantaneously after impact0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: i issThe specific impulse of the shock wave load borne by the plate frame is N.s/m 2; rho is the density of the steel plate, and the unit is kg/m 3; h ismThe plate frame mass equivalent thickness is m; h ismThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
hm＝h0+h′ (15)
in the formula: h is0The thickness is the plate thickness, h' is the equivalent thickness of the reinforcement, and the unit is m; a. theZIs a longitudinal ribbed cross section area, AHThe unit is m2 for the cross section of the transverse reinforcement; bZFor longitudinal reinforcement spacing, bHThe unit is m, which is the transverse reinforcement distance;
the total impulse of the shock wave load received by the plate frame is as follows:
in the formula: delta Pr(x, y) is the peak value of the load of the reflected shock wave received at any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit is Pa; τ (x, y) is the time of positive pressure action of the shock wave on any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit is s.
The invention has the beneficial effects
(1) The method provided by the invention can simulate the condition of a large-pulse-width load and apply effective load to the conditions of high-speed water entry and the like of an aircraft; the method can apply instantaneous impact, and the impulse width of impact load can reach hundred milliseconds; the device can not only apply instantaneous impact load, but also effectively simulate strong impact and large pulse width impact load;
(2) the invention provides a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load loading device and method, which can be used for conveniently and effectively simulating strong-impact large-pulse-width impact loads. Although the existing impact machines, impact platforms and other explosion impact load simulation devices exist, the simulated pulse width is short, and the pulse width control cannot be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a loading method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a design drawing of a loadbox of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a design drawing of a loading chamber of the present invention incorporating a piston force transfer device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the inboard explosive load of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a target load pressure curve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of simulated load versus target load curves for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A high impact large pulse width impact load simulation apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a loading box, a explosion venting hole 1, a loading hole 2 and a piston force transmission device 3; the explosion venting hole 1 and the loading hole 2 are respectively arranged on two end faces close to the loading box and are arranged close to each other; the piston force transmission device 3 is arranged on the loading hole 2, and the tail end of the piston force transmission device 3 is connected with an impacted structure; by initiating explosives in the loading chamber, the impact load is simulated at the loading hole 2 and transferred to the impacted structure through the piston force transfer device 3.
Furthermore, the piston force transmission device 3 is provided with a stopper which is sealed by rubber.
A control method applied to a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 4, arranging explosives by personnel;
step 5, withdrawing the loading box, and externally connecting a circular ring plate at the explosion venting hole 1 of the loading box to enable the explosion venting hole 1 to reach the designed area;
and 6, detonating the explosive to finish loading.
Furthermore, the specified impact load peak value and pulse width are achieved by adjusting the dosage, the initiation position and the area of the explosion venting hole 1;
the explosive load in the loading box can be simplified into two stages: the first stage is shock wave load with overpressure peak value of PrIs caused by incident overpressure PsActing on the wall surface of the structure for a reflection with a time tau1(ii) a The second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the overpressure peak value is Pqs；
Incident overpressure P generated by TNT explosive explosion in loading boxsThe semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
wherein the incident overpressure PsIn MPa, Z is the proportional distance:
wherein R is the distance from the center of the medicine package to a measuring point, and the unit m and the unit Q are the medicine amount and the unit kg;
first stage shock wave load action time tau1The semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
the shock wave in the loading box can form reflection at the contact plate frame structure, and the overpressure peak value P of the reflected shock waverThe calculation formula is as follows:
the second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value is PqsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein Q is the dose and V is the volume of the loading chamber;
aiming at the quasi-static pressure load, the quasi-static pressure is more accurate in exponential form along with the time attenuation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
P(t)＝Pme-ct (6)
wherein, PmIs the peak value of an exponential curve, namely the maximum pressure of an exponential model, c is an intermediate parameter, and the value of c is as follows:
wherein A is0To relieve pressure area, C0Is the air medium sound velocity;
quasi-static pressure maximum pressure occurs at tau1At the moment of time, its pressure is Pqs+P0I.e. quasi-hydrostatic overpressurePeak value PqsTo atmospheric pressure P0The sum of (1):
and decay stop time tau of quasi-static pressure2Corresponding to a reduction in pressure to atmospheric pressure P0：
The combined sum can give the quasi-static pressure decay stop time tau2Comprises the following steps:
the load pulse width is taken to be τ:
τ＝τ2+τ1 (11)
the design steps of the loading box are as follows:
(1) according to the specified pressure peak value, the dosages Q and R given by the formula (4) are selected, and according to the size of the test field and the range of the explosive allowable dosages, proper Q and proper R are selected preliminarily;
(2) according to the load peak value, the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value P is estimatedqsCalculating the volume V of the loading box by the formula (5);
(3) designing explosion venting area A according with the load pulse width by calculating according to a target load pulse width tau through a formula (11)0；
(4) Calculating a target load impulse, designing Q, R, A according to the formulas (4), (5) and (11)0And the difference between the design load impulse and the target load impulse meets the requirement.
Further, the loading box is composed of a plate frame structure, the plate frame structure enables the loading box not to generate plastic strain in a target load range, and the design formula of the plate thickness equivalent to the plate frame structure is as follows:
V0＜Vcr (12)
wherein, V0Is the average velocity, V, instantaneously attained by the structure of the panel after impactcrIs the critical velocity;
critical speed V of plate framecrComprises the following steps:
in the formula: sigmayThe yield stress of the plate frame structure material is shown, and rho is the density of the steel plate;
average velocity V of the panel-frame structure obtained instantaneously after impact0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: i issThe specific impulse of the shock wave load borne by the plate frame is N.s/m 2; rho is the density of the steel plate, and the unit is kg/m 3; h ismThe plate frame mass equivalent thickness is m; h ismThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
hm＝h0+h′ (15)
in the formula: h is0The thickness is the plate thickness, h' is the equivalent thickness of the reinforcement, and the unit is m; a. theZIs a longitudinal ribbed cross section area, AHThe unit is m2 for the cross section of the transverse reinforcement; bZFor longitudinal reinforcement spacing, bHThe unit is m, which is the transverse reinforcement distance;
the total impulse of the shock wave load received by the plate frame is as follows:
in the formula: delta Pr(x, y) is the peak value of the load of the reflected shock wave received at any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit isIs Pa; τ (x, y) is the time of positive pressure action of the shock wave on any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit is s.
Examples
Assume that the target load form assumes a load peak of 1.5MPa and a pulse width of about 110ms, as shown in fig. 5. Calculated, its impulse I0＝64294Pa·s。
A design was developed for this load:
1) the possible amounts of drug Q and R are given by the formula given according to the specified pressure peak of 1.5 MPa. And preliminarily selecting proper Q and R according to the size of the test field and the range of the explosive allowable dose. In practice, Q is 30kg, and R is 5.5 m.
2) Estimating P according to the peak value of the loadqsAbout 1.4 MPa. By the formula, the volume V of the loading box is selected to be 45m3Calculating to obtain Pqs＝1.31MPa。
3) Designing the explosion venting area A according with the load pulse width by calculation of a formula according to the target load pulse width tau0. Taking the air sound velocity as C0340m/s, standard atmospheric pressure P00.1MPa, A can be designed according to the formula0Let τ approach the target load pulse width 110 ms. Actual design A0＝1.54m2Calculating to obtain tau2＝111ms，τ＝τ1+τ2＝115.1ms。
4) Calculating a target load impulse, designing Q, R, A according to the formulas (4), (5) and (11)0So that the following conditions are met:
designing load impulse to be equal to target load impulse; design load impulse Id＝87473Pa·s。
And the designed load pulse width is equal to the target load pulse width.
The simulated load versus target load curve is shown in FIG. 6:
according to the volume of the box body of 45m3The distance between the base and the explosion is 5.5mThe box structure is counted, and the design box is 7.5 × 3 × 2 m.
The loading box is composed of a plate frame structure, and the plate frame structure is designed to ensure that plastic strain is not generated in a target load range. The design formula of the plate thickness of the plate frame structure is as follows:
V0＜Vcr (18)
wherein, V0Is the average velocity, V, instantaneously attained by the structure of the panel after impactcrIs the critical velocity.
Critical speed V of plate framecrComprises the following steps:
wherein the material is selected from Q345 steel, sigmayThe density rho of the steel plate is 7850kg/m3, and the pressure is 345 MPa.
V0Comprises the following steps:
thus, V0Taken at 419.3m/s, therefore
Thus, the bulkhead equivalent thickness is 87 mm.
IsCalculated by the formula, the pressure is 64MPa, Is＝2.86×105Ns。
In actual design, a reinforced structure is designed, and the equivalent thickness is calculated by a formula and is not less than 87 mm. The designed form is shown in fig. 2.
The strong impact large pulse width impact load simulation device and the control method thereof proposed by the invention are introduced in detail, numerical simulation examples are applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the above embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high impact large pulse width impact load simulation apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a loading box, a explosion venting hole (1), a loading hole (2) and a piston force transmission device (3); the explosion venting hole (1) and the loading hole (2) are respectively arranged on two end faces close to the loading box and are arranged close to each other; the piston force transmission device (3) is arranged on the loading hole (2), and the tail end of the piston force transmission device (3) is connected with an impacted structure; by detonating the explosive in the loading box, impact load is simulated at the loading hole (2) and is transferred to the impacted structure through the piston force transfer device (3).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the piston force transmission device (3) is provided with a stopper and is sealed by rubber.
3. A control method applied to a strong-impact large-pulse-width impact load simulation device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the explosive quantity of the detonating explosive, the position of a detonation source and the area of a detonating hole (1) according to the target load peak value and the pulse width;
step 2, placing the loading box in a test site with explosive qualification;
step 3, connecting the tail end of the piston force transmission device (3) of the loading hole (2) with an impacted structure;
step 4, arranging explosives by personnel;
step 5, withdrawing the loading box, and externally connecting a circular ring plate at the explosion venting hole (1) of the loading box to enable the explosion venting hole (1) to reach the designed area;
and 6, detonating the explosive to finish loading.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the specified impact load peak value and pulse width are achieved by adjusting the dosage, the initiation position and the area of the explosion venting hole (1);
the explosive load in the loading box can be simplified into two stages: the first stage is shock wave load with overpressure peak value of PrIs caused by incident overpressure PsActing on the wall surface of the structure for a reflection with a time tau1(ii) a The second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the overpressure peak value is Pqs；
Incident overpressure P generated by TNT explosive explosion in loading boxsThe semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
wherein the incident overpressure PsIn MPa, Z is the proportional distance:
wherein R is the distance from the center of the medicine package to a measuring point, and the unit m and the unit Q are the medicine amount and the unit kg;
first stage shock wave load action time tau1The semi-empirical formula of (a) is:
the shock wave in the loading box can form reflection at the contact plate frame structure, and the overpressure peak value P of the reflected shock waverThe calculation formula is as follows:
the second stage is quasi-static pressure load, and the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value is PqsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein Q is the dose and V is the volume of the loading chamber;
aiming at the quasi-static pressure load, the quasi-static pressure is more accurate in exponential form along with the time attenuation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
P(t)＝Pme-ct (6)
wherein, PmIs the peak value of an exponential curve, namely the maximum pressure of an exponential model, c is an intermediate parameter, and the value of c is as follows:
wherein A is0To relieve pressure area, C0Is the air medium sound velocity;
quasi-static pressure maximum pressure occurs at tau1At the moment of time, its pressure is Pqs+P0I.e. quasi-static overpressure peak PqsTo atmospheric pressure P0The sum of (1):
and decay stop time tau of quasi-static pressure2Corresponding to a reduction in pressure to atmospheric pressure P0：
The combined sum can give the quasi-static pressure decay stop time tau2Comprises the following steps:
the load pulse width is taken to be τ:
τ＝τ2+τ1 (11)
the design steps of the loading box are as follows:
(1) according to the specified pressure peak value, the dosages Q and R given by the formula (4) are selected, and according to the size of the test field and the range of the explosive allowable dosages, proper Q and proper R are selected preliminarily;
(2) according to the load peak value, the quasi-static pressure overpressure peak value P is estimatedqsCalculating the volume V of the loading box by the formula (5);
(3) designing explosion venting area A according with the load pulse width by calculating according to a target load pulse width tau through a formula (11)0；
(4) Calculating a target load impulse, designing Q, R, A according to the formulas (4), (5) and (11)0And the difference between the design load impulse and the target load impulse meets the requirement.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: the loading case comprises the plate frame structure, the plate frame structure makes the loading case not produce plastic strain at target load within range, the design formula of the plate thickness of plate frame structure equivalent is:
V0＜Vcr (12)
wherein, V0Is the average velocity, V, instantaneously attained by the structure of the panel after impactcrIs the critical velocity;
critical speed V of plate framecrComprises the following steps:
in the formula: sigmayThe yield stress of the plate frame structure material is shown, and rho is the density of the steel plate;
average velocity V of the panel-frame structure obtained instantaneously after impact0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: i issThe specific impulse of the shock wave load borne by the plate frame is N.s/m 2; rho is the density of the steel plate, and the unit is kg/m 3; h ismThe plate frame mass equivalent thickness is m; h ismThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
hm＝h0+h′ (15)
in the formula: h is0The thickness is the plate thickness, h' is the equivalent thickness of the reinforcement, and the unit is m; a. theZIs a longitudinal ribbed cross section area, AHThe unit is m2 for the cross section of the transverse reinforcement; bZFor longitudinal reinforcement spacing, bHThe unit is m, which is the transverse reinforcement distance;
the total impulse of the shock wave load received by the plate frame is as follows:
in the formula: delta Pr(x, y) is the peak value of the load of the reflected shock wave received at any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit is Pa; τ (x, y) is the time of positive pressure action of the shock wave on any point (x, y) on the plate frame, and the unit is s.
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