CN113218374A - Engineering geological condition investigation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for surveying engineering geological conditions, which comprises the following steps: step 1, surveying the landform; step 2, surveying the geological structure: the method comprises the steps of influencing wrinkles of a wrinkle area of an investigation region and breaking conditions of the investigation region; step 3, the lithology and distribution of the stratum of the site; step 4, geophysical background survey: performing site reconnaissance by using early engineering reconnaissance data; and 5: geophysical characteristic research: because the electrical characteristics of rock-soil mass are closely related to lithology, mineral composition and humidity, and the high-density resistivity method is greatly influenced by the change of the terrain of a tested area in the test. The thickness of a fourth system covering layer, the fluctuation form and the weathering boundary line of the bedrock surface in an exploration range are preliminarily found out, and necessary basis is provided for the calculation of the earth-rock ratio of an excavation area; preliminarily finding out the distribution range, the approximate scale and the distribution rule of the karst in the field range, and providing necessary basis for the evaluation of the engineering geological conditions; preliminarily finding out the position, the width and the shape of a fracture and other structures, and providing necessary basis for evaluating engineering geological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to an engineering geological condition exploration method.
Background
The geological engineering field is the guiding engineering field which is based on the natural science and the earth science, takes engineering problems related to geological survey, general survey and exploration of mineral resources, geological structure of major engineering and geological background as main objects, and takes geology, geophysical and geochemical technologies, mathematical geological methods, remote sensing technologies, testing technologies, computer technologies and the like as means to establish service for national economy.
The important geological problems, required various mineral resources, water resources, environmental problems and the like in national economic construction are the conditions and the foundation for the stable and continuous development of the society. The field of geological engineering is for this purpose scientific research, engineering practices and talent culture. The service range in the field of geological engineering is wide, the technical means are diversified, various methods and technologies are mutually matched from air, ground, underground and land to sea, and cross infiltration is realized, so that scientific, reasonable and three-dimensional cross modern comprehensive technology and method are formed.
However, the existing investigation methods are simple and cannot comprehensively and accurately carry out investigation on the geological conditions of the relevant regions, so that the progress and the safety of later-stage construction are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the problems that the exploration methods in the prior art are simple and cannot comprehensively and accurately explore the geological conditions of relevant areas, and provides the engineering geological condition exploration method.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for surveying engineering geological conditions comprises the following steps:
step 1, surveying the landform: the flying area is approximately rectangular, the area is approximately 12.93km2, the length is approximately 5.62km, the width is approximately 2.85km, the north east (51) to the south west (231) are distributed in the direction, the clearance area is approximately triangular (the long edge is located in the flying area, the vertical height is approximately 1.7km), and the area is approximately 1.87km 2. The highest point of the exploration area is located at a southwest mountain of a China civil aviation Laobashan radar station in a clearance area, and the height is 2347 m; the lowest point is positioned at the bottom of a kudzu ditch at the northeast end of the flight area, the elevation is 2020m, and the maximum height difference of the terrain is 332 m;
step 4, geophysical background survey: performing site reconnaissance by using early engineering reconnaissance data;
and 5: geophysical characteristic research: because the electrical characteristics of rock-soil mass are closely related to lithology, mineral composition and humidity, and the high-density resistivity method is greatly influenced by the change of the terrain of the tested area in the test. Therefore, in the test, the electrical characteristics of different sections are changed greatly due to the anisotropic change of the terrain and the rock-soil mass, and in the explanation, the rock-soil parameters are fully utilized and the comprehensive analysis of the terrain and the geological conditions is closely combined, so that a more objective geophysical prospecting explanation result can be obtained.
Preferably, in the step 1, a platform with the width of 5-360 m is formed by digging and filling operation in the process of construction of a previous project at a surveying area close to one side of a west runway of a built airport, the elevation is about 2080-2110 m, a project side slope with the height of 5-32 m is formed at the position of the digging and filling side slope, and the slope is generally 25-45 degrees. In the southwest of the exploration area, the two sides of the northwest of the long port road, one of the five teams of Huaxin cement plant-garden yard, the ground elevation is between 2055 m and 2065m, and the terrain slope is smaller and is generally 2 to 5 degrees.
Preferably, the reconnaissance area in the step 2 is constructed by constructing a yunnan Taiwan ruffle located in the west of the Yangzi platform, which is adjacent to the Kangyun Earth's axis. The four-level structural unit is a Kunming fault-trap belt, the north of which is a Dongchuan fault block and the south of which is an eastern taiwan vault; the west Linpu river-Dian Chi is broken largely and the east is broken deeply in the Xiao river. The main part of the zone is fracture, the secondary part of the fold, the anticline structure trace is broken, and the syncline structure trace is generally kept intact. Trunk fractures often undergo multiple tectonic revolutions, thereby controlling facies of sedimentary rock, build and differentiation, and thickness variation within the zone.
Preferably, the wrinkle influence of the wrinkle area of the exploration area in the step 2 is a monoclinic structure overall, the monoclinic structure is inclined to 5-75 degrees, the inclination angle is 10-45 degrees, but the stratum in the field mostly has a relatively old formation time and is subjected to a large amount of structural activities and is influenced by the regional structural activities, the wrinkle of the exploration area is mainly a secondary structure derived from a fracture structure, generally has a relatively short extension and is not strongly extruded, and a plurality of open-type wrinkles are developed, so that the influence depth is not large, and the scale is relatively small; folds in the investigation range mainly include a mountain Maanshan dorsal cline and a radish land dorsal cline; the westingmountain anticline is positioned in the middle of a north watershed of a field F10 and between the westingmountain and an airport radar station, the direction of a shaft part is from northwest to southeast (the length is about 800m and the width is about 500m), the two wing stratums are mainly made of cold-and-force system villiazone argillaceous silts, the attitude of a southwest wing stratum is 215-25 degrees, the attitude of a northeast wing is 35-20 degrees, the radish ground anticline is positioned at the northeast mountain of the west rushing village, the direction of the shaft part is from east to west (the length is about 800m and the width is about 500m, the two wing stratums are mainly made of cold-and-force system steep slope argillaceous silts and Ordovician soup pool mealy, the attitude of the southwest wing stratum is 202-20 degrees, and the attitude of the northeast wing is 25-18 degrees.
Preferably, the exploration area is broken more and more, the scale of the Chinese peach clump-Su Jia common grave breaking (F10) is larger in the step 2, the structural development of the engineering area is controlled, and the zoning significance is realized. The rest of the fractures F11, F12, F13, F15, F16, F18-2 and F18-3 are secondary branch fractures, which have local zoning significance, the scale of other fracture structures is relatively small, the fracture structures only belong to the next-secondary-level fractures, the activity is weak, and the activity mode is characterized by the brittle fracture of shallow surface level.
Preferably, the covering layer in the survey area in the step 3 mainly comprises: the fourth system of the total new system artificial fill layer (Q4ml) is miscellaneous fill, compaction viscosity plain fill, compaction rubble plain fill, viscosity plain fill, rubble plain fill, fourth system of the total new system plant layer (Q4Pd) ploughs soil, plant layer, fourth system of the total new system marsh sedimentary deposit (Q4h) silt clay, fourth system of the total new system flood-flushing layer (Q4al + pl) clay, silty clay, secondary red clay, silt, round gravel, fourth system of the total new system slope residual layer (Q4dl + el) red clay, silty clay, the foundation bedrock mainly includes: two-fold lower system sunny and new group (P1y) limestone, reversed rock head group (P1D) siltstone, carbo system Weining group (C2w) limestone, mud basin system middle system Haikou group (D2h) siltstone, dolomite limestone, Ordovician system Tang group (O1t) argillaceous siltstone, frigid system middle system double-dragon lake group (E2 s) sandy dolomite, steep slope temple group (E2D) quartz sandstone, siltstone, lower system Longwanggao group (E1 l) dolomite, argillaceous siltstone, wave group (E1C) argillaceous sandstone, and ground stratum of the field further comprise construction corner rock, wherein the conglomerate is formed again after fracture crushing (or local collapse) for fracture, the fault in the field is taken as a fault line F10, the fault is taken as P1y and P1D, c2w, the fault is represented by North rock stratum C1D, D3z, D2h, O1t, epsilon 2s, epsilon 2D, epsilon 1l and epsilon 1C.
Preferably, according to the previous engineering survey data and the site survey in the step 4, the site mainly comprises the following ground layers: a fourth system total new system artificial soil filling layer (Q4ml), a fourth system total new system plant layer (Q4pd), a fourth system total new system marsh sedimentary layer (Q4h), a fourth system total new system fluke accretion layer (Q4al + pl), a fourth system total new system slope residual layer (Q4dl + el), a second system lower system yangguan new group (P1y), a second system lower system inverted stone head group (P1D), a rock charcoal system middle system Weining group (C2w), a mud basin system middle system sea mouth group (D2h), an Ordovician system lower system soup pool group (O1t), a frigid and mart system middle system double dragon pool group (epsilon 2s), a frigid and mart system middle steep slope temple group (epsilon 2D), and a frigid system lower system dragon temple group (epsilon 1 l). Miscellaneous fill, plain fill, ploughed soil, clay, silty clay, red clay, limestone, siltstone, dolostone, silty mudstone, dolostone limestone, quartz siltstone, sandy dolostone, and argillaceous siltstone are distributed on the whole field.
Preferably, the physical property parameters in the step 5 are generally obtained by the following two ways: 1. The apparent resistivity of partial rock mass with larger surface exposed area and uniform soil with thicker surface is obtained by measuring with a small polar distance symmetrical quadrupole method on site. 2. And comparing the lithology data of the drilled hole with the electrical sounding interpretation result one by a hole side electrical sounding method to obtain different lithologies and corresponding apparent resistivity data. The geophysical prospecting special investigation is mainly carried out by adopting a high-density resistivity method, the high-density resistivity method integrates electrical sounding and an electro-sectioning method, the data volume obtained by the high-density resistivity method is larger, and the parameter testing effect is better than that of the electrical sounding.
Preferably, the data acquisition of the survey method adopts field data acquisition by a high-density resistivity method, wherein the high-density resistivity method comprises the steps of determining the form and acquisition parameters of the device, controlling the multi-channel electrode converter by a high-density host computer to finish automatic acquisition of section data, and transmitting the original data into a computer through a communication program to perform data processing and two-dimensional inversion after the data acquisition is finished, and outputting a two-dimensional earth section.
Preferably, the data acquisition of the exploration method adopts a magnetotelluric sounding method, wherein an EH-4 StrataGem electromagnetic system can observe the electrical change information of the geological section within a few meters to 1000 meters from the ground surface, and the exploration method can be applied to underground water research, environment monitoring, mineral and geothermal exploration, engineering geological survey and the like based on the analysis and research on the electrical information of the section.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) in the invention, the thickness of a fourth system covering layer, the fluctuation form and the weathering boundary of a base rock surface in an exploration range are preliminarily checked, so that necessary basis is provided for the calculation of the earth-rock ratio of an excavation area; initially finding out the distribution range, the approximate scale and the distribution rule of the karst in the field range, and providing necessary basis for the evaluation of the engineering geological conditions; preliminarily pinpointing the positions of structures such as faults and the like, the width and the occurrence of a fracture zone, and providing necessary basis for evaluating engineering geological conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an apparent resistivity characteristic diagram of different strata beside a hole of an exploration area of an exploration method for engineering geological conditions, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of apparent resistivity of a geotechnical body in an exploration area of an exploration method for engineering geological conditions, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a high-density resistivity method in the engineering geological condition exploration method provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the working layout of EH4 in the method for surveying the engineering geological conditions according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-4, a method for surveying engineering geological conditions comprises the following steps:
step 1, surveying the landform: the flying area is approximately rectangular, the area is approximately 12.93km2, the length is approximately 5.62km, the width is approximately 2.85km, the north east (51) to the south west (231) are distributed in the direction, the clearance area is approximately triangular (the long edge is located in the flying area, the vertical height is approximately 1.7km), and the area is approximately 1.87km 2. The highest point of the exploration area is located at a southwest mountain of a China civil aviation Laobashan radar station in a clearance area, and the height is 2347 m; the lowest point is located at the bottom of a kudzu ditch at the northeast end of a flight area, the elevation is 2020m, the maximum topographic height difference is 332m, in the step 1, a platform with the width of 5-360 m is formed at the surveying area close to one side of a west runway of a built airport in the early engineering construction process through digging and filling operation, the elevation is about 2080-2110 m, an engineering side slope with the height of 5-32 m is formed at the digging and filling side slope part, and the general slope is 25-45 degrees. In the southwest end of the exploration area, two sides of the northwest end of the long port road, one area of the Huaxin cement plant to the garden yard is five, the ground elevation is between 2055 m and 2065m, the terrain slope is small and is generally 2-5 degrees;
TABLE 2.2-1 survey area fracture statistics
Step 3, the lithology and distribution of the stratum of the site: according to the geological data of the existing area, by combining the investigation and disclosure conditions of the means such as the geological survey and mapping of the investigation project, the geophysical prospecting of the project, the geological prospecting of the project and the interpretation result of the geophysical prospecting, the covering layer in the scope of the investigation area mainly comprises: the fourth system of the total new system artificial fill layer (Q4ml) is miscellaneous fill, compaction viscosity plain fill, compaction rubble plain fill, viscosity plain fill, rubble plain fill, fourth system of the total new system plant layer (Q4Pd) ploughs soil, plant layer, fourth system of the total new system marsh sedimentary deposit (Q4h) silt clay, fourth system of the total new system flood-flushing layer (Q4al + pl) clay, silty clay, secondary red clay, silt, round gravel, fourth system of the total new system slope residual layer (Q4dl + el) red clay, silty clay, the foundation bedrock mainly includes: two-fold lower system new and positive group (P1y) limestone, reversed rock head group (P1D) siltstone, carbo system Weining group (C2w) limestone, mud basin system middle system Haikou group (D2h) siltstone, dolomite limestone, Ordovician system soup pool group (O1t) argillaceous siltstone, frigid system middle system double-Longtan group (E2 s) sandy dolomite, steep slope temple group (E2D) quartz sandstone, siltstone, lower system Longwangtao group (E1 l) dolomite, argillaceous siltstone, and wave group (E1C) argillaceous siltstone, and ground stratum are formed again after fracture crushing (or local collapse), the rock stratum in the field takes F10 fault as a fault line, the rock stratum takes P1y as fault, the rock stratum P1 as P1, P2D as well as rock stratum, E2D 3, 36632D 3 as O1, 363D 3C, 364 and North 4 as well as rock stratum 8651, the revealed formation conditions in the exploration area are listed in Table 2.3-1.
TABLE 2.3-1 survey area reveal stratigraphic conditions Profile
Step 4, geophysical background survey: according to the early engineering investigation data, the site survey is carried out, and according to the early engineering survey data and the site survey, the site mainly comprises the following strata: a fourth system total neosystem artificial filling layer (Q4ml), a fourth system total neosystem plant layer (Q4pd), a fourth system total neosystem marsh sedimentary layer (Q4h), a fourth system total neosystem flood layer (Q4al + pl), a fourth system total neosystem slope residual layer (Q4dl + el), a second system lower system new set (P1y), a second system lower system inverted stone head set (P1D), a rock charcoal system middle system Weining set (C2w), a mud basin system middle system Haikou set (D2h), an Ordovician system lower system decoction set (O1t), a frigid system middle system double dragon pool set (epsilon 2s), a frigid system middle system steep slope set (epsilon 2D), and a frigid system lower system dragon temple set (epsilon 1 l). Miscellaneous fill, plain fill, ploughed soil, clay, silty clay, red clay, limestone, siltstone, dolomite, silty mudstone, dolomitic limestone, quartz siltstone, sandy dolomitic, argillaceous siltstone are distributed in the whole field;
and 5: geophysical characteristic research: because the electrical characteristics of rock-soil mass are closely related to lithology, mineral composition and humidity, and the high-density resistivity method is greatly influenced by the change of the terrain of the tested area in the test. Therefore, in the test, the electrical characteristics of different sections are changed greatly due to the anisotropy change of the terrain and the rock-soil mass, the rock-soil parameters are fully used in the explanation and are closely combined with the comprehensive analysis of the terrain and the geological conditions, and objective geophysical exploration explanation results can be obtained, and the physical parameters are generally obtained by the following two ways: 1. the apparent resistivity of partial rock mass with larger surface exposed area and the thicker uniform soil body on the ground surface are obtained by measuring with a small polar distance symmetrical quadrupole method on site. 2. And comparing the lithology data of the drill hole with the electrical sounding interpretation result one by one through a hole side electrical sounding method to obtain different lithologies and corresponding apparent resistivity data. The geophysical prospecting special investigation is mainly carried out by adopting a high-density resistivity method, the high-density resistivity method is a method integrating electrical sounding and an electro-sectioning method, the data volume obtained by the high-density resistivity method is larger, and the parameter testing effect is better than that of the electrical sounding.
In the invention, the electrical characteristics of the rock-soil mass in the measuring area generally have the following rules:
1) a fourth series of cover layers: the method is mainly characterized in that the method mainly comprises the following steps of ploughing soil, clay, silty clay, miscellaneous fill, compacted viscous element fill, compacted rubble element fill, viscous element fill, rubble element fill, muddy clay, red clay, silt sand, round gravel and other strata, and because lithologic components are disordered and have poor uniformity and are influenced by water content, the apparent resistivity value changes greatly, the rho value changes between 10 and 2700 omega.m, the apparent resistivity of the strata with high water content such as clay is relatively lower, and the rho value generally changes between 10 and 150 omega.m; the apparent resistivity of a loosely dried rock-bearing, gravel formation is relatively high.
2) Two-fold system:
limestone: rock mass breakage and joint crack development, wherein the apparent resistivity rho s value is changed between 150 and 600 omega.m; and (3) moderately weathering, wherein the rock mass is relatively complete, and the rho s value is changed between 300 and 3000 omega.
The siltstone is strongly weathered, the rock mass is extremely broken, and the rho s value is changed between 40 and 280 omega.m; moderate weathering, complete rock mass breakage, and rho s value which changes with the degree of weathering and the degree of breakage and changes between 150 and 520 omega.
3) A stone charcoal system:
limestone: strongly weathered rock mass is broken, and rho s value is changed between 120 and 320 omega.m; and (3) medium weathering, the rock mass is broken to be relatively complete, and the rho s value is changed between 250 and 2100 omega. A small amount of this stratigraphic distribution exists north of the field west.
4) A mud basin system:
dolomitic limestone: strongly weathered rock mass is broken, and rho s value is changed within the range of 320-480 omega.m; and (4) the rock mass is weathered completely, and the rho value changes between 400 and 2200 omega.
5) The Ordovician series:
argillaceous siltstone: strongly weathered rock mass is extremely broken, and rho s value is changed between 100 and 300 omega m;
moderate weathering, extremely broken and relatively complete rock mass, and rho s value varying between 200 and 650 omega.
6) The cold and armed system:
sandy dolomite: strongly weathered rock mass is broken, and rho s value is changed between 350-410 omega.m; and (3) moderately weathering, the rock mass is relatively complete, and the rho s value is changed between 400 and 1200 omega.
Quartz siltstone: strong weathering to medium weathering, extremely broken to complete, rho s value varying between 90 and 720 omega.m, and less field distribution.
The dolosts are strongly weathered, the rock mass is relatively broken, and the rho s value is changed between 350 and 600 omega m; moderate weathering, relatively complete rock mass and the rho s value varying between 450 and 2100 omega.
The argillaceous siltstone is strongly weathered, the rock mass is broken, and the rho s value changes between 120 and 600 omega m; moderate weathering, complete rock mass breakage, and rho s value changing between 350-2800 omega.
Silty mudstone: strongly weathered rock mass is crushed, and rho s value is changed between 100 and 250 omega.m; moderate weathering, complete rock mass breakage, and rho s value varying between 150 and 600 omega.
7) Electrical characteristics of weathered layer of rock mass
Under the same lithology condition, the stronger the rock weathering degree, the more developed the fracture and the higher the water content, the lower the rho s value; in a section with densely developed joint cracks, rho section isolines often have low-resistance closed rings or strips, the rock mass is relatively complete, the weathering degree is low, and the rho section isolines often have strip-shaped relatively high stop bands, and the resistivity value gradually increases along with the increase of the depth.
8) Electric charge characteristic of fault and breakage
The fault and broken charge performance is expressed as low resistance abnormity, the width of a broken zone is wider than that of a lithologic contact zone, a low resistance strip often appears on a rho section contour line, and the width of the low resistance strip is generally wider than the actual width of the fault.
9) Lithologic contact electrification characteristic
The lithologic interface is different from the contact relation of different strata, and generally shows relatively low resistance or gradual change of resistivity on the section.
10) Electrical characteristics of karst anomaly region
Filling (water or cohesive soil) type cracks and karst caves show low-resistance abnormity, and local closure, semi-closure or strip-shaped low-resistance abnormity often appears in an electrical section; the unfilled cracks and cavities show high resistance abnormalities, and local closed, semi-closed or strip-shaped high resistance abnormalities often appear in the electrical fracture. According to the scale of the abnormal form, the rho value is combined to identify the dense development areas such as the karst caves, the cracks and the like, and the filling condition of the dense development areas is judged.
In the invention, as mentioned above, the formation, fault and karst abnormal area of the measuring area have obvious electrical difference, and the geophysical operation has better geophysical premise. Fully utilizes the electrical characteristics and combines the comprehensive research of ground geology, hydrogeology and drilling revealing data, and has better geophysical premise for achieving the exploration purpose and the requirement from the known to the unknown deep knowledge
In the invention, the data acquisition of the survey method adopts field data acquisition of a high-density resistivity method, wherein the high-density resistivity method is characterized in that after the form and acquisition parameters of the device are determined, a high-density host controls a multi-channel electrode converter to finish automatic acquisition of section data, and after the data acquisition is finished, original data are transmitted into a computer through a communication program to be subjected to data processing and two-dimensional inversion, and then a two-dimensional earth section is output.
In the invention, the data acquisition of the exploration method adopts a magnetotelluric sounding method, wherein an EH-4 StrataGem electromagnetic system can observe the electrical change information of the geological section within a few meters to 1000 meters away from the ground surface, and can be applied to underground water research, environment monitoring, mineral and geothermal exploration, engineering geological survey and the like based on the analysis and research of the electrical information of the section. The system is suitable for various geological conditions and harsh field environments. The principle of the method is the same as that of the traditional MT method, natural electromagnetic field signals of solar wind, thunder and lightning and the like in the universe, which are incident on the earth, are used as excitation field sources, also called primary fields, the primary fields are plane electromagnetic waves and vertically incident into the earth medium, and the electromagnetic field theory shows that an induction electromagnetic field is generated in the earth medium, the induction electromagnetic field and the primary fields have the same frequency, and wave impedance Z is introduced. In the case of a homogeneous earth and a horizontal laminar earth, the wave impedance is the ratio of the horizontal components of the electric field E and the magnetic field H.
Where f is frequency in Hz and resistivity () in Hz, E is electric field strength (mv/km), H is magnetic field strength (nT), electric field phase and magnetic field phase in mrad. It should be noted that E and H in this case are understood as a combined field obtained by superimposing the spatial tensors of the primary field and the induced field, which is referred to as a total field for short. In electromagnetic theory, the depth at which the amplitude of an electromagnetic field (E, H) decays to an initial value of 1/e as it propagates through the earth is defined as the penetration depth or skin depth (δ).
As can be seen from equation (4), the skin depth () will vary with resistivity () and frequency (f), and measurements are taken over a frequency band corresponding to the depth of the underground study. Generally, data with higher frequencies reflect shallow electrical characteristics, and data with lower frequencies reflect deeper formation characteristics. Therefore, electric field and magnetic field information is observed over a wide frequency band, and apparent resistivity and phase are calculated therefrom. The geoelectric characteristics of the earth and the subsurface configuration can be determined, which is a simple method principle of EH-4 observation systems.
In general, the earth is non-uniform and the wave impedance is a function of spatial coordinates, which must be described by tensor impedances. Furthermore, inhomogeneities in the electrical earth distribution cause a gradient change in the electric field, which in turn generates a vertical component of the magnetic field. Further discussion will be directed to deeper electromagnetic field theory and tensor analysis, which will not be further described herein. In general engineering geological survey, scalar or tensor observation is only required.
There are two working modes for the StrataGem electromagnetic system to work in the field: one is single point depth measurement and the other is continuous profile depth measurement, and the selected mode is determined by research tasks. The system usually adopts a natural field source, and only uses an artificial field source at a frequency point where a natural field signal is very weak or has no signal at all, so as to improve the data quality and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data. The strataGem electromagnetic system can collect data in a wide frequency range from 10Hz to 92KHz, and in order to ensure the data quality and the working efficiency, the frequency band is divided into three frequency groups:
a frequency group: 10 Hz-1 KHz
Two frequency groups: 500 Hz-3 KHz
Three frequency groups: 750 Hz-92 KHz
Which frequency groups are used in specific observation can be flexibly mastered according to the situation. Hy, Ex, Hx and Ey amplitudes and phi Hy, phi Ex, phi Hx and phi Ey phases can be obtained in real time in the field. One-dimensional inversion and two-dimensional resistivity imaging results can be obtained after indoor data processing.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for surveying engineering geological conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, surveying the landform: the exploration position is located in a large-board bridge town of a city official region of Kunming, the occupied area is wide, the plane of the flight region is nearly rectangular, the area is about 12.93km2, the length is about 5.62km, the width is about 2.85km, the north east (51) degrees to the south west (231 degrees) are distributed in the direction, the plane of the clearance region is nearly triangular (the long edge is located in the flight region, the vertical height is about 1.7km), and the area is about 1.87km 2. The highest point of the exploration area is located at a southwest mountain of a China civil aviation Laobashan radar station in a clearance area, and the elevation is 2347 m; the lowest point is positioned at the bottom of a kudzu ditch at the northeast end of the flight area, the elevation is 2020m, and the maximum height difference of the terrain is 332 m;
step 2, surveying the geological structure: the method comprises the steps of influencing wrinkles of a wrinkle area of an investigation region and breaking conditions of the investigation region;
step 3, the lithology and distribution of the stratum of the site: according to the geological data of the existing area, investigating and disclosing the situation and a geophysical prospecting interpretation result by combining the means of surveying and mapping engineering geological survey, engineering geophysical prospecting, engineering geological prospecting and the like;
step 4, geophysical background survey: performing site reconnaissance by using early engineering reconnaissance data;
and 5: geophysical characteristic research: because the electrical characteristics of rock-soil mass are closely related to lithology, mineral composition and humidity, and the high-density resistivity method is greatly influenced by the change of the terrain of a tested area in the test. Therefore, in the test, the electrical characteristics of different sections are changed greatly due to the anisotropic change of the terrain and the rock-soil mass, and in the explanation, the rock-soil parameters are fully utilized and the comprehensive analysis of the terrain and the geological conditions is closely combined, so that a more objective geophysical exploration explanation result can be obtained.
2. The method for exploring engineering geological conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, a platform with a width of 5-360 m is formed by digging and filling operation in the early engineering construction process at the side of an exploration area close to a west runway of an established airport, the elevation is about 2080-2110 m, an engineering side slope with a height of 5-32 m is formed at the digging and filling side slope part, and the general slope is 25-45 degrees. In the southwest of the exploration area, the two sides of the northwest of the long port road, one of the five teams of Huaxin cement plant-garden yard, the ground elevation is between 2055 m and 2065m, and the terrain slope is smaller and is generally 2 to 5 degrees.
3. A method for investigating engineering geological conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the region to be investigated in step 2 is constructed in the form of a pleated ribbon of bluntriparian located west of the platform of yangzi, west adjacent to the geoaxis of kangdian. The four-level structural unit is a Kunming fault-trap belt, the north of which is a Dongchuan fault block and the south of which is an Yimen Taiyung; the west Linpu river-Dian Chi is broken largely and the east is broken deeply in the Xiao river. The main part of the zone is fracture, the secondary part of the fold, the anticline structure trace is broken, and the syncline structure trace is generally kept intact. Trunk fractures often undergo multiple tectonic revolutions, thereby controlling facies of sedimentary rock, build and differentiation, and thickness variation within the zone.
4. The method for exploring the engineering geological condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fold region of the exploration area in step 2 has a single inclined structure, the inclination is 5-75 degrees, and the inclination angle is 10-45 degrees, but because the stratum in the field is mostly formed for a relatively long time, the stratum is subjected to a lot of construction activities, and the stratum is influenced by the construction activities of the area, the folds of the exploration area are mainly the secondary structure derived from the fracture structure, generally have short extension and are not strongly extruded, and a plurality of open folds are generated, so that the influence depth is small, and the scale is small; folds in the investigation range mainly include a mountain Maanshan dorsal cline and a radish land dorsal cline; the saddle is positioned in the middle of a north watershed of a field F10 and between the saddle and an airport radar station, the direction of a shaft part is from west to east (the length is about 800m and the width is about 500m), two wing stratums are mainly made of cold-and-force system embankment argillaceous siltstone, the attitude of a south-west wing stratum is 215-25 degrees, the attitude of a north-east wing is 35-20 degrees, the ground-radish anticline is positioned at the northeast mountain of the west-and-dash village, the direction of the shaft part is from east to west (the length is about 800m and the width is about 500m, the two wing stratums are mainly made of cold-and-force system steep-slope temple argillaceous siltstone and Ordovician soup pool powdery sandstone, the attitude of the south-west wing stratum is 202-20 degrees and the attitude of the north-east wing is 25-18 degrees.
5. A method for exploring the engineering geological conditions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the fracture of the exploration area in the step 2 is relatively developed, the fracture of the Chinese actinidia-common general grave (F10) is relatively large in scale, the structural development of the engineering area is controlled, and the method has a zoning significance. The other fractures F11, F12, F13, F15, F16, F18-2 and F18-3 are secondary branch fractures, have local zoning significance, the scale of other fracture structures is relatively small, the fracture structures only belong to secondary and primary fractures, the activity is weak, and the activity mode is characterized by brittle fractures of shallow surface layers.
6. A method for investigating an engineered geological condition according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 consisting essentially of: the fourth system of holoneous artificial fill layer (Q4ml) miscellaneous fill, compaction viscosity plain fill, compaction rubble plain fill, viscosity plain fill, rubble plain fill, fourth system of holoneous plant layer (Q4Pd) ploughing soil, plant layer, fourth system of holoneous marsh sedimentary deposit (Q4h) silt clay, fourth system of holoneous flood layer (Q4al + pl) clay, silty clay, secondary red clay, silt, pebble, fourth system of holoneous slope residual layer (Q4dl + el) red clay, silty clay, underburden rock mainly includes: the method comprises the following steps of two-fold lower systematic sunny and new group (P1y) limestone, inverted rock head group (P1D) siltstone, carbo systematic Weining group (C2w) limestone, mud basin systematic Haikou group (D2h) siltstone, dolomite limestone, Ordovician lower systematic Tang group (O1t) argillaceous siltstone, Hanwu systematic double Longtan group (epsilon 2s) argillaceous dolomite, steep slope temple group (epsilon 2D) quartzittstone, siltstone, lower systematic Longwangtao group (epsilon 1l) dolomite, argillaceous siltstone, and Rough 865 group (epsilon 1C), and ground limestone, ground limestone (epsilon 1C), and ground sandstone, wherein the ground stratum further comprises construction cornerite, and is formed by cementing again after fracture crushing (or partial collapse) of a fracture, wherein a rock stratum in a field is delimited by F10 fault, and a fault is P1y, a rock stratum P1, a rock stratum D, a rock stratum 11, a rock stratum is also bordered 3, a rock stratum 3D 3, a rock stratum 3C 632, epsilon 2D 3D, a north rock stratum 3, a rock stratum 3D 3, a rock stratum 3 and a north rock stratum are respectively.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-engineering survey data and the site survey in step 4 are based on the following main ground layers: a fourth system of all-new-system artificial filling layer (Q4ml), a fourth system of all-new-system plant layer (Q4pd), a fourth system of all-new-system marsh sedimentary layer (Q4h), a fourth system of all-new-system flood-flushing layer (Q4al + pl), a fourth system of all-new-system slope residual layer (Q4dl + el), a second system of all-new-system Yang New group (P1y), a second system of all-system inverted stone head group (P1D), a rock charcoal system middle system Weining group (C2w), a mud basin system middle system Haikou group (D2h), an Ordovician system lower system Tang group (O1t), a Hanwu system middle system double dragon pool group (epsilon 2s), a Hanwu system middle steep slope group (epsilon 2D), and a Hanwu system dragon temple group (epsilon 1 l). Miscellaneous fill, plain fill, ploughed soil, clay, silty clay, red clay, limestone, siltstone, dolostone, silty mudstone, dolostone limestone, quartz siltstone, sandy dolostone, and argillaceous siltstone are distributed on the whole field.
8. A method for investigating an engineered geological condition according to claim 1, wherein the physical property parameters in step 5 are generally obtained by: 1. the apparent resistivity of partial rock mass with larger surface exposed area and uniform soil with thicker surface is obtained by measuring with a small polar distance symmetrical quadrupole method on site. 2. And comparing the lithology data of the drill hole with the electrical sounding interpretation result one by one through a hole side electrical sounding method to obtain different lithologies and corresponding apparent resistivity data. The geophysical prospecting special investigation is mainly carried out by adopting a high-density resistivity method, the high-density resistivity method integrates electrical sounding and an electro-sectioning method, the data volume obtained by the high-density resistivity method is larger, and the parameter testing effect is better than that of the electrical sounding.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition of the exploration method is field data acquisition by high density resistivity method, wherein the high density resistivity method is that after the form and acquisition parameters of the device are determined, the multi-way electrode converter is controlled by the high density host computer to finish automatic acquisition of section data, and after the data acquisition is finished, the raw data are transmitted to the computer through a communication program to be processed and inverted two-dimensionally, and then a two-dimensional earth section is output.
10. A method for investigating engineering geological conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition of the investigation method is magnetotelluric sounding, wherein the EH-4 StrataGem electromagnetic system can observe the electrical variation information of geological sections within a few meters to 1000 meters from the earth surface, and can be applied to underground water research, environmental monitoring, mineral and geothermal exploration, engineering geological survey and the like based on the analysis and research of the electrical information of the sections.
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