CN113216921A - Shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of tight reservoir - Google Patents
Shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of tight reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of a tight reservoir, belonging to the technical field of oil-gas fracturing modification. In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of a tight reservoir, which comprises the steps of S10, determining mechanical parameters and physical parameters of the reservoir according to mechanical experiments of reservoir rock samples; step S20, determining the fracture pressure of the stratum according to the mechanical parameters and physical parameters of the reservoir; step S30, performing indoor discharge test according to the electric pulse device to obtain shock wave related parameters in the liquid; and step S40, determining proper construction discharge voltage required during pre-pressure pretreatment according to the fracture pressure of the stratum and relevant parameters of the shock wave. The electric pulse impact construction parameters obtained by the method can improve the efficiency of crushing the compact reservoir by the pulse impact waves, effectively reduce the on-site construction cost and obviously improve the pretreatment effect before electric pulse impact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of a tight reservoir, belonging to the technical field of oil-gas fracturing modification.
Background
In recent years, unconventional oil resources such as compact oil and gas are effectively developed by the staged fracturing technology of the horizontal well, but compact oil and gas reservoirs in China have the characteristics of large buried depth, high formation pressure, difficulty in forming complex cracks after being pressurized and the like. The production of compact oil gas is controlled by the complexity of artificial cracks and effective reconstruction volume, namely the production is controlled by cracks. How to reduce the fracturing operation pressure, increase the construction displacement and improve the fracture complexity is a difficult problem faced by the fracturing reformation of the compact oil and gas reservoir in China at present.
Since reservoir burial depth, lithology and formation stress are main influence factors of reservoir fracture pressure, the method for reducing the fracture pressure of the target reservoir before formal fracturing construction is also called as pre-fracturing treatment. The current methods for pre-fracturing pretreatment mainly used in fracturing sites include: acidifying, sand blasting and perforating. The acidification pretreatment is to inject a section of acid liquor with a certain concentration into a target reservoir, and the acid liquor is used for acid etching of soluble matters in the blast hole and the stratum near the blast hole, so that the purposes of removing the pollution of the blast hole and expanding a liquid inlet channel are achieved, and the fracture pressure during fracturing construction is reduced. However, the acid liquor and the pungent smell thereof not only have great harm to human bodies, but also have serious pollution to water and soil, so that the risk degree and the environmental cost of fracturing operation are not increased.
The sand blasting perforation technology is characterized in that sand carrying liquid with a low sand ratio is pumped into an oil pipe at a high speed and is ejected out through a nozzle at a high speed to continuously eject a target reservoir section to finally form a deep hole, so that the formation fracture pressure can be effectively reduced, but the reliability of the fracturing operation is low, and the fracture operation often faces the embarrassment of not ejecting. By removing the pre-pressing pretreatment technology, the construction friction resistance can be reduced by optimizing fracturing construction parameters, improving fracturing liquid and the like in the construction design stage, and further the fracture pressure in the fracturing construction is reduced, and the method is not repeated.
Patent CN104832149A discloses a natural gas reservoir permeability increasing method using high-voltage electric pulse to assist hydraulic fracturing, and this patent also provides a new pre-fracturing pretreatment idea: the discharge electrode is lowered to a target reservoir stratum through a winch to perform pulse discharge for a certain number of times, pulse shock waves are used for 'breaking' the reservoir stratum, reservoir stratum cracks are increased, permeability is improved, and then fracture pressure during fracturing construction is reduced. Due to the restrictions of conditions such as lithology, physical properties and rock mechanics of a compact reservoir, the current method cannot effectively judge how much energy is used for a discharge electrode to effectively and economically crush a target reservoir, and actual field construction can be implemented only by experience, so that the reliability of the method in construction is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of a compact reservoir.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of the tight reservoir comprises the following steps:
step S10, determining mechanical parameters and physical parameters of a reservoir according to mechanical experiments of reservoir rock samples;
step S20, determining the fracture pressure of the stratum according to the mechanical parameters and physical parameters of the reservoir;
step S30, performing indoor discharge test according to the electric pulse device to obtain shock wave related parameters in the liquid;
and step S40, determining proper construction discharge voltage required during pre-pressure pretreatment according to the fracture pressure of the stratum and relevant parameters of the shock wave.
The further technical scheme is that the mechanical parameters of the reservoir comprise maximum horizontal principal stress sigma1Minimum horizontal principal stress σ2Formation pore pressure Pp。
The further technical scheme is that the physical parameters of the reservoir comprise porosity phi, Poisson ratio v and Boit coefficient delta.
The further technical scheme is that the calculation formula of the fracture pressure of the stratum is as follows:
φC=φ+δ(1-φ)
in the formula: p1Rupture pressure, MPa; sigma1Maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; sigma2Is the minimum horizontal main factor, MPa; k is a stress coefficient and is dimensionless; ppIs the formation pore pressure, MPa; s is tensile strength, MPa; phi is aCContact porosity,%; phi is porosity,%; nu is Poisson's ratio and is dimensionless; delta is a Boit coefficient and is dimensionless; p is the maximum tensile force when the test piece is damaged, and is MPa; d is the diameter of the cylindrical test piece, m; l is the length of the cylindrical test piece, m.
The further technical proposal is that,the shock wave related parameter in the step S30 includes a liquid density ρ0The capacitance C of the energy storage capacitor, the propagation speed V of the shock wave in the liquid, the up-down distance d of the high-voltage electrode, the attenuation coefficient gamma of the shock wave and the distance r between the measuring point and the electrode.
The further technical solution is that the calculation formula in step S40 is:
P2=P1-P0
in the formula: p1Rupture pressure, MPa; p2Is the impact pressure, MPa; p0Is hydrostatic pressure, MPa; eBkJ, shock wave energy to achieve rock fracture pressure; k. alpha and E are state parameters of the electrode spacing and are dimensionless; gamma is shock wave attenuation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is the distance between the measuring point and the electrode, m; v is the propagation speed of the shock wave in the liquid, m/s; u is the discharge voltage, kV; c is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor, μ F; d is the upper and lower spacing of the high voltage electrodes, m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the minimum and optimal construction pressure required by pre-treatment cracks before pressure is formed is obtained by calculating the fracture pressure of the reservoir rock mass; through the combination of calculation formula derivation of the electric pulse shock wave pressure and indoor test recording, accurate discharge parameters required by construction can be obtained; the method overcomes the blind area in the prior art, provides a new accurate calculation scheme, greatly improves the efficiency of crushing the compact reservoir by the pulse shock wave, effectively reduces the site construction cost, and obviously improves the pretreatment effect before electric pulse stamping.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical pulse discharge experimental waveform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of a tight reservoir, which comprises the following steps of:
s10, selecting a proper core, processing the core into an experimental test piece, performing indoor test on the experimental test piece, performing three-axis mechanical tests including porosity, permeability and triaxial mechanical tests, acquiring stress parameters and geological physical parameters of a reservoir according to experimental results,
the mechanical parameters of the reservoir include the maximum horizontal principal stress sigma1Minimum horizontal principal stress σ2Formation pore pressure PpThe physical parameters of the reservoir stratum comprise porosity phi, Poisson ratio v and Boit coefficient delta, and the maximum breaking force P is obtained during the triaxial mechanical test of the rock;
step S20, determining the fracture pressure of the stratum according to the parameters of the reservoir rock sample collected in the step S10 when the reservoir rock sample is fractured;
contact porosity phiC:φC=φ+δ(1-φ)
in the formula: p1Rupture pressure, MPa; sigma1Maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; sigma2Is the minimum horizontal main factor, MPa; k is toForce coefficient, dimensionless; ppIs the formation pore pressure, MPa; s is tensile strength, MPa; phi is aCContact porosity,%; phi is porosity,%; nu is Poisson's ratio and is dimensionless; delta is a Boit coefficient and is dimensionless; p is the maximum tensile force when the test piece is damaged, and is MPa; d is the diameter of the cylindrical test piece, m; l is the length of the cylindrical test piece, m;
s30, performing indoor tests under different voltages by using an electric pulse device adopted in construction, recording test use parameters, and acquiring shock wave related parameters;
the shock wave related parameters specifically include the density p of the liquid used for testing0The discharge voltage U of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance C of the energy storage capacitor, the propagation speed V of the shock wave in the liquid, the up-down distance d of the high-voltage electrode, the attenuation coefficient gamma of the shock wave and the distance r between the measuring point and the electrode;
step S40, finally, simultaneously obtaining the energy of the electric pulse shock wave required when the rock fracture pressure is reached according to the step S20 and the step S30, so as to obtain the proper construction voltage and the proper discharge frequency during pre-pressing pretreatment;
energy of shock wave generated by electric pulse device:
In the formula: p2Is the impact pressure, MPa; pmIs the wave front maximum pressure of the shock wave, MPa; gamma is shock wave attenuation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is the distance between the measuring point and the electrode, m; v is the propagation speed of the shock wave in the liquid, m/s; k. alpha and E are state parameters of the electrode spacing and are dimensionless; u isThe discharge voltage of the energy storage capacitor, kV; c is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor, μ F; rho0Is liquid density, kg/m3(ii) a d is the upper and lower spacing of the high voltage electrode, m; eBkJ, shock wave energy to achieve rock fracture pressure;
when the rock fracture pressure is reached, the total pressure in the liquid is:
P1=P2+P0
in the formula: p0Hydrostatic pressure, MPa.
According to the above formula, the impact pressure formula when the rock is broken is as follows:
P2=P1-P0
and then finishing the previous formula to obtain the required energy:
calculating the required discharge voltage through a voltage energy formula:
examples
Taking an X block oil production adjacent well J23 of a certain oil field as an example, the burial depth of a hydraulic fracturing layer interval is designed to be 3834.1-3842.5 m. The reservoir temperature is about 85 degrees, and the fracture closure stress is about 50 MPa.
(1) The diameter D of the test core is 0.025m, the length L of the test core is 0.05m, and the maximum horizontal principal stress sigma is displayed according to the indoor test result169.69MPa, minimum level principal stress sigma2Is 62.31MPa and the formation pore pressure Pp37MPa and a porosity phi of 9.62 percent. Poisson ratio v is 0.28, Boit coefficient delta is 0.6, and fracturing fluid density rho used in construction planning is0Is 1.050g/cm3Deep hydrostatic pressure P in the target zone0About 40MP, and the maximum breaking tension P of the rock in a triaxial mechanical test is 142 MPa.
Wherein the maximum horizontal principal stress, the minimum horizontal principal stress, the formation pore pressure, the porosity and the Poisson' S ratio are obtained through the rock test result of the step S10; the Boit coefficient delta is a fixed coefficient value, the numerical range is 0.6-0.8, and the accurate value in the interval range can be obtained by performing regression processing on the test results of different rock cores in the same block; the density of the fracturing fluid is a parameter which is set according to well conditions.
(2) The tensile strength is obtained by the maximum tensile force when the test piece is damaged, the diameter of the test core and the length of the test core:
and (3) obtaining contact porosity: phi is aC=φ+δ(1-φ)=0.0962+0.6×(1-0.0962)=0.69
(3) the electric capacity C of the energy storage capacitor of the electric pulse device is 100 muF, and the previous indoor test result shows that the propagation speed V of the shock wave in the liquid is 1500m/s, the vertical distance d between the high-voltage electrode and the electrode is 0.005m, the distance r between the measuring point and the electrode is 0.015m, the shock wave attenuation coefficient gamma is 2089, the state parameter k of the electrode distance is 9/d, alpha is 0.35, and E is 1.
Impact pressure: p2=P1-P0=74.84-40=34.84
(4) and (3) obtaining the fracture pressure of the rock body of the target reservoir stratum 74.84MPa through the step (2), obtaining the impact pressure for fracturing the rock 34.84MPa through the step (3), and obtaining the required discharge voltage of 5.7 kV.
Therefore, the formation can be fractured only when the discharge voltage is larger than the discharge voltage. The electrical pulse discharge construction parameters of the J23 well are obtained in conclusion and are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1J 23 construction parameter table for well electric pulse discharge
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The shock wave energy optimization method for electric pulse pretreatment before fracturing of the tight reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S10, determining mechanical parameters and physical parameters of a reservoir according to mechanical experiments of reservoir rock samples;
step S20, determining the fracture pressure of the stratum according to the mechanical parameters and physical parameters of the reservoir;
step S30, performing indoor discharge test according to the electric pulse device to obtain shock wave related parameters in the liquid;
and step S40, determining proper construction discharge voltage required during pre-pressure pretreatment according to the fracture pressure of the stratum and relevant parameters of the shock wave.
2. Compact reservoir pre-frac electrical pulse pretreated shock wave energy of claim 1Optimization method, characterized in that the mechanical parameters of the reservoir comprise the maximum horizontal principal stress σ1Minimum horizontal principal stress σ2Formation pore pressure Pp。
3. The method for shock wave energy optimization of electric pulse pretreatment before tight reservoir fracturing of claim 2, wherein the physical parameters of the reservoir comprise porosity phi, Poisson's ratio v, Boit coefficient delta.
4. The method of shockwave energy optimization of electric pulse pre-fracturing of tight reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the formation fracture pressure is calculated by the formula:
φC=φ+δ(1-φ)
in the formula: p1Rupture pressure, MPa; sigma1Maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; sigma2Is the minimum horizontal main factor, MPa; k is a stress coefficient and is dimensionless; ppIs the formation pore pressure, MPa; s is tensile strength, MPa; phi is aCContact porosity,%; phi is porosity,%; nu is Poisson's ratio and is dimensionless; delta is a Boit coefficient and is dimensionless; p is the maximum tensile force when the test piece is damaged, and is MPa; d is the diameter of the cylindrical test piece, m; l is the length of the cylindrical test piece, m.
5. Tight reservoir pre-frac electrical pulse preconditioning as claimed in claim 1Method for shock wave energy optimization, characterized in that the shock wave related parameters in step S30 include liquid density ρ0The capacitance C of the energy storage capacitor, the propagation speed V of the shock wave in the liquid, the up-down distance d of the high-voltage electrode, the attenuation coefficient gamma of the shock wave and the distance r between the measuring point and the electrode.
6. The method for shock wave energy optimization of electric pulse pretreatment before tight reservoir fracturing of claim 5, wherein the calculation formula in the step S40 is as follows:
P2=P1-P0
in the formula: p1Rupture pressure, MPa; p2Is the impact pressure, MPa; p0Is hydrostatic pressure, MPa; eBkJ, shock wave energy to achieve rock fracture pressure; k. alpha and E are state parameters of the electrode spacing and are dimensionless; gamma is shock wave attenuation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is the distance between the measuring point and the electrode, m; v is the propagation speed of the shock wave in the liquid, m/s; u is the discharge voltage, kV; c is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor, μ F; d is the upper and lower spacing of the high voltage electrodes, m.
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