CN113215460A - Low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113215460A
CN113215460A CN202110412615.5A CN202110412615A CN113215460A CN 113215460 A CN113215460 A CN 113215460A CN 202110412615 A CN202110412615 A CN 202110412615A CN 113215460 A CN113215460 A CN 113215460A
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刘文胜
肖代红
黄兰萍
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Central South University
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent

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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.5-4.0%, Li: 0.7-1.1%, Mg: 0.5-1.0%, Ag: 0.2-0.5%, Zn: 0.25-0.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.2%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Ti: 0-0.1%, Sc: 0-0.08%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.05%, Si is less than or equal to 0.05%, the balance is Al, the total amount of Cu and Li is 4.0-5.5, and the mass ratio of Cu to Li is 3.0-5.0. The invention obtains the low-density aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical property by regulating and controlling the mass fraction ratio of the main alloy elements, the deformation heat treatment and other process conditions, and the prepared aluminum alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties such as room temperature strength, plane fracture toughness, fatigue fracture resistance and the like.

Description

Low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and processing of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The advanced light metal material with high specific strength, high specific rigidity and high damage tolerance is one of the main measures for reducing the weight of the structure and the weight coefficient of the structure. Experience has shown that a reduction in material density of 10% can in principle achieve a structural weight reduction of 10%; the mechanical property (such as strength) of the material is improved by 10 percent, and the weight of the structure can only be reduced by about 1 to 3 percent. Therefore, the development of low-density, high-strength, damage-resistant, lightweight structural materials is the most effective way to achieve structural weight reduction in vehicles. With the durability/damage tolerance design, vehicle structures designed according to the damage tolerance under the designed service load/environment spectrum should minimize the probability of vehicle failure due to propagation of undetected defects, cracks, and other damage during a given period of non-repair service to ensure structural safety. For this reason, there is a need for lightweight materials with better fatigue and fracture resistance.
The addition of 1 wt% of Li in the aluminum alloy can reduce the alloy density by 3% and increase the elastic modulus by 6%, and has better solid solution strengthening effect. Therefore, the aluminum lithium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific rigidity, excellent low-temperature performance and corrosion resistance, good superplasticity and the like. The aluminum lithium alloy is used for replacing the conventional aluminum alloy, so that the structural mass is reduced by 10-15%, the rigidity is improved by 15-20%, and the aluminum lithium alloy is an ideal aerospace structural material. With the development of aerospace industry in China, novel aluminum alloy is continuously developed, and the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy is optimized and improved; but the existing aluminum lithium alloy production process has the problem that the strength and the damage resistance are difficult to cooperate.
Typical materials of the damage-resistant aluminum lithium alloy hot rolled plate successfully applied at present are aluminum lithium alloys such as 2195 and 1420, wherein the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy is a third-generation high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy, and 1420 is a medium-strength Al-Mg-Li alloy. 1420 aluminiumThe lithium alloy has a yield strength of less than 430MPa despite its low density and good weldability. The yield strength of the 2195 Al-Li alloy can reach more than 550MPa, but the density is more than 2.7g/cm3Plane fracture toughness of less than 30MPa m1/2The number of fatigue fractures at 240MPa is less than 1X 106Next, the process is carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.5-4.0%, Li: 0.7-1.1%, Mg: 0.5-1.0%, Ag: 0.2-0.5%, Zn: 0.25-0.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.2%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Ti: 0-0.1%, Sc: 0-0.08%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.05%, Si is less than or equal to 0.05%, the balance is Al, the total amount of Cu and Li is 4.0-5.5, and the mass ratio of Cu to Li is 3.0-5.0.
In the aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate, the Cu alloy element has the function of promoting T of the alloy in the aging process1Cu-rich strengthening phases such as theta 'are precipitated, the strength of the alloy is improved, the nucleation and precipitation of the delta' phase are inhibited, the coplanar slippage and stress concentration are reduced, the dislocation motion is changed from a cutting mechanism to a bypassing mechanism, and the plasticity of the alloy is improved; meanwhile, the width of a precipitation-free strip is reduced, the occurrence of crystal fracture is inhibited, and the strong plasticity of the alloy is improved.
Li is used as a high-modulus low-density element, and can reduce the density of the alloy and improve the elastic modulus when added into aluminum. However, the addition ratio of the contents of Cu and Li is particularly critical, and when the addition ratio is too high, the alloy density is increased, and intermediate coarse phases are easily formed to reduce the toughness; when the amount is too low, the formation of the δ' phase is not easily suppressed, resulting in an increase in the degree of stress concentration and an increase in the width of the precipitate-free zone. Therefore, in order to comprehensively consider the properties of the alloy such as toughness, density and the like, the total amount of Cu and Li is 4.0-5.5, and the mass ratio of Cu to Li is 3.0-5.0.
Mg is added to reduce the stacking fault energy of aluminum, so that the stacking fault is increased, and T is promoted1The phase is nucleated and separated out, and the alloy precipitation strengthening effect is enhanced. When Mg and Ag are added in a compounding way, because Mg and Ag both have higher vacancy binding energy, Ag/Mg/vacancy clusters are easy to form, Mg atoms for promoting the formation of a GPI (general purpose interface) region are reduced, GPI (general purpose interface) region is inhibited from being separated out at the initial stage of aging, theta' phase is reduced in the subsequent aging process, meanwhile, strong interaction and size effect among Li, Cu and Mg atoms promote Li and Cu atoms to continuously diffuse to Ag/Mg/vacancy atom clusters, so that T is1Increase the low-energy nucleation position and promote T1And separating out the phases. However, excessive addition of Mg or Ag generates coarse Al2Intermetallic compound phases such as CuMg, MgAg, etc., cause a reduction in fatigue properties. Thus a suitable ratio is Mg: 0.5-1.0%, Ag: 0.2 to 0.5 percent. On one hand, the addition of Zn improves the strength and the corrosion resistance, but excessive addition can improve the density of the alloy and generate Mg2Zn phase, which reduces the fatigue property of the material, and the proper proportion is 0.25-0.5%.
Mn element is added into the alloy to enable the alloy to form Al in the annealing process20Cu2Mn3Coherent disperse phase for inhibiting recrystallization grain growth in the plate rolling process, and the addition of Mn can also reduce the harmful effect brought by Fe element in the smelting and casting process, but excessive addition causes coarse insoluble Al20Cu2Mn3The primary phase is generated in the solidification process, the plasticity of the plate alloy is deteriorated, the fatigue performance is reduced, and the proper proportion of Mn is 0.1-0.3%. Zr is used for inhibiting recrystallization, and Sc is added for refining grains and inhibiting recrystallization, but excessive addition causes AlCuSc phase formation, reduces the strengthening effect of Cu element, reduces the strength and fatigue performance of the final material, and is properly 0-0.08%. Wherein Fe and Si are impurity elements derived from raw materials and working tools, and AlF is easily formed in aluminumeSi, the high melting point compound phase reduces the grain boundary strength and the fatigue performance of the material, therefore, the Fe and Si content in the alloy must be strictly controlled.
Preferably, the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 3.9 percent of Cu, 1.1 percent of Li, 0.76 percent of Mg, 0.26 percent of Ag, 0.34 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.27 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 3.8 percent of Cu, 1.0 percent of Li, 0.9 percent of Mg, 0.25 percent of Ag, 0.26 percent of Zn, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.07 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 3.7 percent of Cu, 0.9 percent of Li, 0.9 percent of Mg, 0.25 percent of Ag, 0.26 percent of Zn, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.04 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate is 530-600 MPa, the yield strength is 460-530 MPa, the elongation is 10-15%, and the plane fracture toughness is 34-40 MPa x m1/2The fatigue fracture frequency under 240MPa is not less than 2 multiplied by 106Next, the exfoliation corrosion grade was not less than EB.
As a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate, comprising the steps of:
1) smelting: proportioning the components according to the proportion of the aluminum-lithium alloy components, and smelting and casting the mixture into an ingot;
2) third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 300-400 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, heating to 400-460 ℃, preserving heat for 2-10 h, heating to 480-500 ℃, and preserving heat for 20-30 h; by adopting the three-stage annealing, the nonequilibrium solidification phases with different melting points in the ingot can be gradually dissolved in the temperature rising process, thereby reducing the overburning phenomenon of the ingot in the high-temperature annealing process and forming Al in the alloy in the process20Cu2Mn3The coherent disperse phase effectively inhibits the growth of recrystallized grains in the subsequent rolling process of the plate;
3) hot rolling: processing the annealed cast ingot into a plate blank, carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank, carrying out multi-pass rolling with the deformation temperature of 430-490 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 4-10 h, wherein the single deformation does not exceed 30%, carrying out heat preservation for 0.5-1 h after each 1-pass rolling, and then carrying out next hot rolling until a plate with the required thickness is obtained through rolling; the multi-pass hot rolling can reduce the occurrence of recrystallization in the plate rolling process, thereby effectively improving the fatigue performance of the subsequent plate;
4) solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the hot-rolled plate, wherein the solid solution temperature is 500-530 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-8 h, and then carrying out water quenching to room temperature;
5) pre-stretching deformation;
6) and (5) aging treatment.
Preferably, in the step 2), the temperature is raised to 350-380 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-5 h, then the temperature is raised to 430-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4-6 h, then the temperature is raised to 490-500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-24 h; in the step 3), the hot rolling deformation temperature is 440-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h; in the step 4), the solid solution time is 2-5 h.
Preferably, in the step 5), the pre-stretching deformation amount is 2-6%.
Preferably, in the step 6), the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃, and the time is 15-60 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the aluminum lithium alloy ingot is prepared by smelting and casting, the proportion of each component is reasonable, the content and the distribution of a crystalline phase in the ingot can be effectively controlled by controlling the total amount and the proportion of Cu and Li in the alloy, and then the final structure characteristics of the material are controlled by annealing, hot rolling deformation and deformation heat treatment, so that the low-density high-damage-resistance aluminum lithium alloy hot rolled plate with high strength, high fracture toughness, fatigue fracture resistance and corrosion resistance is prepared.
2. The preparation method is simple, the process operation is safe, the cost is lower, and the prepared aluminum alloy has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled plate in example 4;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the structure of precipitation with age of the low-density, high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate of example 9.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.6 percent, Li1.1 percent, Mg0.5 percent, Ag0.3 percent, Zn0.26 percent, Zr0.1 percent, Mn0.3 percent, Fe0.05 percent, Si0.05 percent and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si elements are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy and Al-50Cu alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain the cast ingot.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 300 ℃ firstly, preserving heat for 8h, then heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 480 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 430 ℃ for 4h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a furnace at 430 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 530 ℃ for 2h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
6) Aging treatment: and (3) aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 160 ℃ for 15 h.
Example 2:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.9 percent, Li1.1 percent, Mg0.76 percent, Ag0.3 percent, Zn0.34 percent, Zr0.1 percent, Mn0.27 percent, Fe0.04 percent, Si0.05 percent and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si elements are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy and Al-50Cu alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain the cast ingot.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, then heating to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 450 ℃ for 5 hours, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a furnace at 450 ℃ for heat preservation for 1 hour, continuing hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 510 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 4%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 145 ℃ for 24 h.
Example 3:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.8%, Li1.0%, Mg0.9%, Ag0.25%, Zn0.25%, Zr0.15%, Mn0.2%, Fe0.05%, Si0.04%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy and Al-50Cu alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain the cast ingot.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 380 ℃ firstly, preserving heat for 3h, then heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 480 ℃ for 5 hours, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a 480 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 0.5 hour, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution for 3 hours at 500 ℃ and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3.5%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 155 ℃ for 24 h.
Example 4:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.8%, Li1.0%, Mg0.9%, Ag0.25%, Zn0.25%, Zr0.15%, Mn0.2%, Sc0.08%, Fe0.04%, Si0.04%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2Sc alloy according to the proportion of the designed aluminum-lithium alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 380 ℃ firstly, preserving heat for 3h, then heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 480 ℃ for 4h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a 480 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 0.5h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 515 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3.5%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 160 ℃ for 36 h.
The microstructure of the obtained low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled plate is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 5:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.7%, Li1.0%, Mg0.9%, Ag0.25%, Zn0.25%, Zr0.15%, Mn0.2%, Sc0.07%, Fe0.05%, Si0.05%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2Sc alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 370 ℃ firstly, preserving heat for 5h, then heating to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, then heating to 490 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 460 ℃ for 4h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a 460 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 0.5h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 510 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 5%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 145 ℃ for 24 h.
Example 6:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.9%, Li1.1%, Mg0.76%, Ag0.3%, Zn0.5%, Zr0.1%, Mn0.27%, Sc0.04%, Fe0.05%, Si0.05%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2Sc alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, then heating to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 hours.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 450 ℃ for 7h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a furnace at 450 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 30mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 515 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
6) Aging treatment: and (3) aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 160 ℃ for 15 h.
Example 7:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.0 percent of Cu4, 1.0 percent of Li1, 0.5 percent of Mg0, 0.5 percent of Ag0, 0.34 percent of Zn0, 0.1 percent of Zr0, 0.1 percent of Mn0, 0.1 percent of Ti0, 0.05 percent of Fe0, 0.03 percent of Si0, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2.5Ti alloy according to the designed proportion of the components of the aluminum-lithium alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, then heating to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, then heating to 490 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 490 ℃ for 4h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30%), then putting the plate blank into a 490 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 0.5h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 30mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 515 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 6%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 130 ℃ for 60 h.
Example 8:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.8%, Li1.0%, Mg0.9%, Ag0.25%, Zn0.26%, Zr0.15%, Mn0.2%, Sc0.07%, Fe0.03%, Si0.05%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2Sc alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 420 ℃ firstly, preserving heat for 5h, then heating to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed cast ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 475 ℃ for 4h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a 475 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 0.5h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 25mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 510 ℃ for 4h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3.5%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 150 ℃ for 24 h.
Example 9:
the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following final chemical components in percentage by mass: cu3.7%, Li0.9%, Mg0.9%, Ag0.25%, Zn0.26%, Zr0.15%, Mn0.2%, Sc0.04%, Fe0.04%, Si0.04%, and the balance of Al, wherein Fe and Si are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials and operating tools during alloy preparation.
The preparation method of the lithium alloy hot rolled plate comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, pure silver, pure zinc, Al-10Mn, Al-4Zr alloy, Al-50Cu alloy and Al-2Sc alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at 480 ℃ for 6h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a 480 ℃ furnace for heat preservation for 1h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 25mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 515 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 155 ℃ for 20 h.
The aging precipitation structure of the obtained low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum lithium alloy hot rolled plate is shown in FIG. 2.
Comparative example 1:
a2195 Al-Li alloy hot-rolled plate contains Al-3.8Cu-1.1Li-0.36Ag-0.36Mg-0.1Zr-0.1Fe-0.1 Si.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, pure silver, Al-50Cu, Al-10Li and Al-4Zr alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Annealing: heating the cast ingot to 480 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank for 3h at 430 ℃, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a furnace at 430 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, carrying out continuous hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 30mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution at 510 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Pre-stretching deformation; and (3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the plate subjected to the solution quenching treatment, wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
6) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 145 ℃ for 32 h.
Comparative example 2:
a1420 Al-Li alloy hot rolled plate contains Al-2.2Li-5.0Mg-0.1Zr-0.15Fe-0.1 Si.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, Al-10Mn and Al-4Zr alloy, are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace and then are cast to obtain cast ingots.
2) Annealing: heating the cast ingot to 440 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 24 h.
3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out machining on the surface of the annealed ingot to obtain a plate blank, carrying out heat preservation on the plate blank at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 3h, carrying out hot rolling (the single deformation does not exceed 30 percent), then putting the plate blank into a furnace at the temperature of 420 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, continuously carrying out hot rolling, and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a 20mm plate.
4) Solution treatment: the hot rolled plate is subjected to solid solution for 2 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃ and then water quenching to room temperature.
5) Aging treatment: and aging the pre-stretched and deformed plate at 145 ℃ for 48 h.
The hot-rolled alloy sheets obtained in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested for tensile strength (R)m) Yield strength (R)0.2) Elongation (A), density (rho), plane fracture toughness (K)IC) And the fatigue fracture times under 240MPa, and the performance test results are shown in Table 1, and all the test results are carried out according to the test standards.
TABLE 1 Room temperature Properties of Hot-rolled alloy sheets
Figure BDA0003024497280000101
Comparing the values of the performance parameters of the examples and comparative examples in table 1, it can be seen that: the tensile strength (R) of the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate prepared by the inventionm) Yield strength (R)0.2) Elongation (A), fracture toughness (K)IC) And the fatigue performance is obviously higher than that of the alloy of the comparative example.

Claims (9)

1. The low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.5-4.0%, Li: 0.7-1.1%, Mg: 0.5-1.0%, Ag: 0.2-0.5%, Zn: 0.25-0.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.2%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Ti: 0-0.1%, Sc: 0-0.08%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.05%, Si is less than or equal to 0.05%, the balance is Al, the total amount of Cu and Li is 4.0-5.5, and the mass ratio of Cu to Li is 3.0-5.0.
2. The low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 3.9 percent of Cu, 1.1 percent of Li, 0.76 percent of Mg, 0.3 percent of Ag, 0.34 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.27 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
3. The low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 3.8 percent of Cu, 1.0 percent of Li, 0.9 percent of Mg, 0.25 percent of Ag, 0.26 percent of Zn, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.07 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
4. The low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 3.7 percent of Cu, 0.9 percent of Li, 0.9 percent of Mg, 0.25 percent of Ag, 0.26 percent of Zn, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.04 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.
5. The low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tensile strength of the aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate is 530 to 600MPa, the yield strength is 460 to 530MPa, the elongation is 10 to 15%, and the plane fracture toughness is 34 to 40MPa x m1/2The fatigue fracture frequency under 240MPa is not less than 2 multiplied by 106Next, the process is carried out.
6. The preparation method of the low-density high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) smelting: proportioning the components according to the proportion of the aluminum-lithium alloy components, and smelting and casting the mixture into an ingot;
2) third-stage annealing: heating the cast ingot to 300-400 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, heating to 400-460 ℃, preserving heat for 2-10 h, heating to 480-500 ℃, and preserving heat for 20-30 h;
3) hot rolling: processing the annealed cast ingot into a plate blank, carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank, carrying out multi-pass rolling with the deformation temperature of 430-490 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 4-10 h, wherein the single deformation does not exceed 30%, carrying out heat preservation for 0.5-1 h after each 1-pass rolling, and then carrying out next hot rolling until a plate with the required thickness is obtained through rolling;
4) solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the hot-rolled plate, wherein the solid solution temperature is 500-530 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-8 h, and then carrying out water quenching to room temperature;
5) pre-stretching deformation;
6) and (5) aging treatment.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2), the temperature is raised to 350-380 ℃ and is kept for 3-5 h, then the temperature is raised to 430-450 ℃ and is kept for 4-6 h, and then the temperature is raised to 490-500 ℃ and is kept for 20-24 h; in the step 3), the hot rolling deformation temperature is 440-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h; in the step 4), the solid solution time is 2-5 h.
8. The production method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the amount of pre-stretching deformation in the step 5) is 2 to 6%.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the step 6), the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃ and the time is 15-60 h.
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