CN113210796A - Variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method - Google Patents
Variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210796A CN113210796A CN202110548149.3A CN202110548149A CN113210796A CN 113210796 A CN113210796 A CN 113210796A CN 202110548149 A CN202110548149 A CN 202110548149A CN 113210796 A CN113210796 A CN 113210796A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/013—Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
A variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method belongs to the field of special machining. The front tool electrode and the rear tool electrode are respectively and simultaneously discharged with the workpiece in two discharge gaps, and arc discharge generated in the two discharge gaps is utilized to simultaneously and efficiently remove the workpiece. The invention realizes simultaneous positive polarity processing and negative polarity processing by virtue of the discharge of two tool electrodes, and can greatly reduce the volume ratio of unit energy consumption while realizing efficient and low-cost processing of difficult-to-cut materials. Compared with the traditional electric arc processing method, the invention has higher efficiency, lower specific energy consumption and volume ratio, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of special processing machines, in particular to a variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method.
Background
The arc column has extremely high energy density and electrothermal conversion efficiency, is steady-state or nearly steady-state self-sustaining discharge generated under the conditions of large current and long pulse, and must be avoided in the process of electric spark machining, otherwise, irreversible damage is generated to workpieces. However, if the arc can be controlled effectively, the efficiency of the electric discharge machining can be improved greatly. At present, methods such as arc gouging, electric melting explosion processing, short arc processing, high-speed arc forming processing and the like are mainly adopted.
The electric arc machining is widely applied to the industries of die manufacturing and machining. The electric discharge machining can be used for machining superhard materials and workpieces with complex shapes which are difficult to machine by traditional cutting methods, is generally used for machining conductive materials, and can machine complex cavities or contours on difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy, tool steel, carbon steel, hard alloy and the like. Since the discharge energy is high in the arc machining, the electric machining can machine materials, such as hardened steel, heat-resistant alloy, cemented carbide, and the like, which cannot be machined by a general cutting machining method. Meanwhile, the method is widely applied to the field of processing various complex cavities, dies and holes.
However, in conventional electrical discharge machining processes, there is only one discharge point per pulse, and thus the material removal rate tends to fail to achieve the desired effect during arc semi-finishing or finishing. In order to improve the material removal rate during machining and reduce the machining energy consumption, the existing arc discharge machining equipment needs to be further optimized and improved, so that the machining performance is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an arc turning method with variable polarity and dual electrodes, which changes the number of discharge points per pulse into two, thereby improving the material removal rate and reducing the volumetric ratio of unit energy consumption during arc turning semi-finishing or finishing.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a turning method of variable-polarity double-electrode electric arc is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) installing a workpiece to be machined on an insulating chuck of a lathe, wherein a front end machining device and a rear end machining device are both installed on a longitudinal feeding device, a front end tool electrode is installed on the front end machining device, a rear end tool electrode is installed on the rear end machining device, and the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central line of the insulating chuck and the insulating tailstock and are as high as the central line of the workpiece;
2) the working medium in the working medium storage box passes through the front-end medium guide pipe, is sprayed out through the front-end medium spray pipe, reaches a front-end discharge area, provides a medium for front-end processing, and finally flows back to the working medium storage box through the machine tool body to form a working medium loop;
3) the working medium in the working medium storage box passes through the rear-end medium guide pipe, is sprayed out through the rear-end medium spray pipe, reaches a rear-end discharge area, provides a medium for rear-end processing, and finally flows back to the working medium storage box through the machine tool body to form a working medium loop;
4) respectively connecting a front end tool electrode and a rear end tool electrode with two poles of a polarity-variable power supply, and simultaneously forming discharge between the tail end of the front end tool electrode and the tail end of the rear end tool electrode and a workpiece in two discharge gaps after the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are electrified;
5) the front end tool electrode is driven by the front end transverse feeding device to do transverse feeding movement backwards, the rear end tool electrode is driven by the rear end transverse feeding device to do transverse feeding movement forwards, the transverse feeding movement directions of the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are always opposite, and meanwhile, the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are driven by the longitudinal feeding device to do longitudinal feeding movement leftwards;
6) according to the shape and the contour of a workpiece to be machined, the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode move along the X axis or the Z axis of a machine tool under the driving of the front end transverse feeding device, the rear end transverse feeding device and the longitudinal feeding device, meanwhile, the workpiece rotates mainly under the driving of a lathe spindle, after one layer of machining is finished, the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode feed a depth along the radial direction of the workpiece, new layer machining is started, and the process is repeated until the machining is finished.
The power supply used for the electric arc machining is a polarity-changing power supply with peak current of 1A-3000A and polarity-changing frequency of 1 HZ-5000 HZ.
The working medium flows at a pressure of more than 0.1MPa in the front end discharge area and the rear end discharge area and comprises water-based working liquid, mist or gas medium.
The rotating speed of the main shaft is 60 RPM-400000 RPM.
The depth of the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode in the radial transverse feeding layer of the workpiece is 0.1-8000 mu m.
The front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are opposite in polarity all the time in the process of electric discharge machining, and the polarity changes periodically, so that the wear rates of the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode are balanced.
The invention discloses a variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method, and belongs to the field of special machining. The front tool electrode and the rear tool electrode are respectively and simultaneously discharged with the workpiece in two discharge gaps, and arc discharge generated in the two discharge gaps is utilized to simultaneously and efficiently remove the workpiece. The invention realizes simultaneous positive polarity processing and negative polarity processing by virtue of the discharge of two tool electrodes, and can greatly reduce the volume ratio of unit energy consumption while realizing efficient and low-cost processing of difficult-to-cut materials. Compared with the traditional electric arc processing method, the invention has higher efficiency, lower specific energy consumption and volume ratio, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a two-electrode arc machining lathe of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the rear end machining device of the double-electrode arc machining lathe of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the front end machining device of the double-electrode arc machining lathe of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the variable polarity twin electrode arc turning method of the present invention and an enlarged view of the machining area thereof.
In the drawings, 1-insulating chuck; 2-a workpiece; 3-a rear end processing device; 4-insulating tail seat; 5-machine tool body; 6-front end processing device; 7-longitudinal feeding means; 8-a working medium storage tank; 9-variable polarity power supply; 10-a back end tool electrode; 11-a rear end medium spray pipe; 12-rear end tool post; 13-rear end cable; 14-an insulating plate; 15-rear end infeed; 16-a backend media conduit; 17-front end tool post; 18-a front end tool electrode; 19-front end infeed; 20-a front end cable; 21-a front end media conduit; 22-front end medium spray pipe; 23-semi-processing area; 24-a processed area; 25-front end discharge region; 26-unprocessed region; 27-the area to be processed; 28-back end discharge region; 29-plasma; 30-electrical discharge etch pit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a lathe for machining by using a bipolar arc according to the present invention, and the turning method for machining by using a bipolar arc according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1) installing a workpiece 2 to be machined on an insulating chuck 1 of a lathe, installing a front end machining device 6 and a rear end machining device 3 on a longitudinal feeding device 7, installing a front end tool electrode 18 on the front end machining device 6, installing a rear end tool electrode 10 on the rear end machining device 3, and symmetrically distributing the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 on two sides of the central line of the insulating chuck 1 and the insulating tailstock 4 and enabling the front end tool electrode and the rear end tool electrode to be as high as the central line of the workpiece 2;
2) the working medium in the working medium storage box 8 passes through the front-end medium conduit 21, is sprayed out through the front-end medium spray pipe 22, reaches the front-end discharge area 25, provides medium for front-end machining, and finally flows back to the working medium storage box 8 through the machine tool body 5 to form a working medium loop;
3) the working medium in the working medium storage box 8 passes through the rear-end medium conduit 16, is sprayed out through the rear-end medium spray pipe 11, reaches the rear-end discharge area 28, provides a medium for rear-end machining, and finally flows back to the working medium storage box 8 through the machine tool body 5 to form a working medium loop;
4) respectively connecting the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 with two poles of a polarity-changing power supply 9, and simultaneously forming discharge between the tail end of the front end tool electrode 18 and the tail end of the rear end tool electrode 10 and the workpiece 2 in two discharge gaps after electrification;
5) the front end tool electrode 18 is driven by the front end transverse feeding device 19 to make transverse feeding movement backwards, the rear end tool electrode 10 is driven by the rear end transverse feeding device 15 to make transverse feeding movement forwards, the transverse feeding movement directions of the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 are always opposite, and meanwhile, the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 are driven by the longitudinal feeding device 7 to make longitudinal feeding movement leftwards;
6) according to the shape and the contour of the workpiece 2 to be machined, the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 move along the X axis or the Z axis of the machine tool under the driving of the front end transverse feeding device 19, the rear end transverse feeding device 15 and the longitudinal feeding device 7, meanwhile, the workpiece 2 is driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to do main rotation movement, after one layer of machining is finished, the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 are fed by a depth along the radial direction of the workpiece 2, new layer machining is started, and the process is repeated until the machining is finished.
Further, a power supply used for arc machining is a polarity-changing power supply 9 with peak current of 1A-3000A and polarity-changing frequency of 1 HZ-5000 HZ; the working medium flows at a pressure of more than 0.1MPa in the front end discharge region 25 and the rear end discharge region 28 and comprises water-based working liquid, mist or gas medium; the rotating speed of the main shaft is 60-400000 RPM; the depth of the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 in the radial transverse feeding layer of the workpiece 2 is 0.1-8000 mu m; the polarities of the front tool electrode 18 and the rear tool electrode 10 are always opposite to each other during the electric discharge machining, and the polarities are periodically changed, so that the wear rates of the front tool electrode 18 and the rear tool electrode 10 are balanced.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the method for turning by using variable-polarity double-electrode arc according to the present invention employs two sets of front and rear tool electrodes, wherein the front tool electrode 18 and the rear tool electrode 10 respectively form discharge with the workpiece 2 in two discharge gaps at the same time, and the arc discharge generated in the two discharge gaps is used to efficiently remove the workpiece 2 at the same time. This technique requires the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 to be fed along the X and Y axes and assists the high speed flushing of the machining area. When the technology is implemented, the tail ends of the front end tool electrode 18 and the rear end tool electrode 10 are close to the workpiece 2 rotating at a high speed anticlockwise, a front end discharge area 25 is formed between the front end tool electrode 18 and the semi-processing area 23, a rear end discharge area 28 is formed between the rear end tool electrode 10 and the area 27 to be processed, high-temperature plasma 29 formed by electric arc in the discharge area thermally erodes the material of the workpiece 2, and a discharge erosion pit 30 is formed after electric arc discharge processing; in a general stable machining stage, the rear end tool electrode 10 first contacts a to-be-machined region 27 of the workpiece 2 to form a rear end discharge region 28; the half-finished region 23 after the machining is rotated counterclockwise by half a revolution to be close to the front end tool electrode 18, forming a front end discharge region 25; in the machining process, two electric discharge machining areas are generated simultaneously by one-time electric discharge, so that the electric discharge machining efficiency is obviously improved, and the volume ratio of unit energy consumption is greatly reduced; the combined action of the high-speed flushing liquid and the high-speed rotation of the workpiece 2 is more favorable for generating arc breakage, and is favorable for removing molten metal from the workpiece 2, and meanwhile, the high-speed flushing liquid can effectively avoid surface burning of the workpiece 2 and reduce a heat affected zone.
Claims (6)
1. The method for turning the variable-polarity double-electrode electric arc is characterized by comprising the following steps
1) The method comprises the following steps that a workpiece (2) to be machined is installed on an insulating chuck (1) of a lathe, a front end machining device (6) and a rear end machining device (3) are installed on a longitudinal feeding device (7), a front end tool electrode (18) is installed on the front end machining device (6), a rear end tool electrode (10) is installed on the rear end machining device (3), and the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center line of the insulating chuck (1) and the center line of an insulating tailstock (4) and are equal in height to the center line of the workpiece (2);
2) the working medium in the working medium storage box (8) is sprayed out through the front-end medium guide pipe (16) and the front-end medium spray pipe (22) to reach the front-end discharge area (28) to provide medium for front-end machining, and finally flows back to the working medium storage box (8) through the machine tool body (5) to form a working medium loop;
3) working media in the working medium storage box (8) are sprayed out through a rear-end medium guide pipe (16) and a rear-end medium spray pipe (11) to reach a rear-end discharge area (28) to provide media for rear-end machining, and finally flow back to the working medium storage box (8) through the machine tool body (5) to form a working medium loop;
4) respectively connecting a front end tool electrode (18) and a rear end tool electrode (10) with two poles of a variable polarity power supply (9), and simultaneously forming discharge between the tail end of the front end tool electrode (18) and the tail end of the rear end tool electrode (10) and a workpiece (2) in two discharge gaps after electrification;
5) the front end tool electrode (18) is driven by the front end transverse feeding device (19) to do transverse feeding movement backwards, the rear end tool electrode (10) is driven by the rear end transverse feeding device (15) to do transverse feeding movement forwards, the transverse feeding movement directions of the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) are always opposite, and meanwhile, the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) are driven by the longitudinal feeding device (7) to do longitudinal feeding movement leftwards;
6) according to the shape and the contour of a workpiece (2) to be machined, the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) move along the X axis or the Z axis of a machine tool under the driving of the front end transverse feeding device (19), the rear end transverse feeding device (15) and the longitudinal feeding device (7), meanwhile, the workpiece (2) rotates mainly under the driving of a lathe spindle, after one layer of machining is completed, the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) feed a depth along the radial direction of the workpiece (2), new layer machining is started, and the process is repeated until the machining is completed.
2. The variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power supply used for the arc processing is a polarity-changing power supply (9) with peak current of 1A-3000A and polarity-changing frequency of 1 HZ-5000 HZ.
3. The method of turning with variable-polarity double-electrode arc as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working medium flows at a pressure of 0.1MPa or more in the front end discharge region (25) and the rear end discharge region (28), and comprises water-based working fluid, mist or gas medium.
4. The method of turning with variable-polarity double-electrode arc as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating speed of the main shaft is 60 RPM-400000 RPM.
5. The method of turning with variable-polarity double-electrode arc as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the depth of the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) in the radial transverse feeding layer of the workpiece (2) is 0.1-8000 mu m.
6. The method of turning with variable-polarity double-electrode arc as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polarity of the front end tool electrode (18) and the polarity of the rear end tool electrode (10) are always opposite in the process of electric discharge machining, and the polarities are periodically changed, so that the loss rates of the front end tool electrode (18) and the rear end tool electrode (10) are balanced.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110548149.3A CN113210796A (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method |
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| CN202110548149.3A CN113210796A (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Variable-polarity double-electrode arc turning method |
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