Automatic gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid desanding system for natural gas exploitation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, relates to desanding equipment, and particularly relates to an automatic desanding system for gas-liquid sand mixed fluid for natural gas exploitation.
Background
In natural gas exploitation, particularly, in the process of exploiting unconventional natural gas such as shale gas, dense gas and the like, the gas contains a large amount of liquid and sand. The high-speed sand in the high-pressure gas flow causes serious damage to the natural gas gathering and transportation equipment. The sand remover is a key device for removing sand grains in fluid, and sand grains mixed by high-pressure fluid in a pipeline are separated by using the sand remover and discharged out of a pipeline system. Most of the currently applied desanders are filtered by a filter or separated by cyclone separation and then periodically discharged.
The high-pressure gas flow is large in filtration and separation, when the filter element is gradually blocked by sand grains, the differential pressure of the desander is very high, the desander needs to be frequently opened, the filter element is taken out and cleaned, and the working strength is high. The cyclone separation has a limited application range, the yield difference between the initial stage and the final stage of a shale gas well is huge, and the cyclone separation cannot be applied.
The prior sand remover needs to be closed periodically to discharge sand or a sand accumulation tank is configured to discharge sand periodically, and wells with more sand amount need to be operated for many times a day, so that the manual workload is large. The prior sand ejector can not check the accumulated sand quantity basically, and when manual work does not drain sand in time, sand particles directly flow to the downstream after accumulating, so that equipment is damaged.
The liquid and sand particles of the prior sand remover are not separated basically, and the liquid and the sand are discharged together during sand discharge, so that the sand discharge frequency is high, the liquid is discharged a lot, and the sand remover needs a large space for storage and treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects in the prior art, the invention discloses an automatic desanding system for gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid for natural gas exploitation.
The invention relates to an automatic desanding system for gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid for natural gas exploitation, which comprises a shell and a desanding feed port on the shell, wherein a main separation cavity communicated with the desanding feed port is arranged in the shell, and a first liquid discharge port and a sand discharge port are arranged below the desanding feed port; the sand discharge port is connected with an automatic sand discharge branch;
the sand discharge system also comprises an automatic control system, the automatic control system comprises a controller, and a sand level detector and a liquid level detector which are connected with the controller, the sand level detector is arranged below the main separation cavity, and the liquid level detector is arranged between the sand level detector and the installation height of the sand discharge port; the automatic sand discharge branch is in control connection with the controller, and the control mode of the controller is as follows: when the solid accumulation height in the main separation cavity is higher than the sand level detector and the liquid height is higher than the liquid level detector, the automatic sand discharge branch is opened for sand discharge; and after the automatic sand discharging branch is opened, when the liquid height is lower than the liquid level detector, the automatic sand discharging branch is closed.
Preferably, the automatic sand discharge branch comprises an automatic shut-off valve connected with a sand discharge port and a high differential pressure sand discharge control valve connected with the automatic shut-off valve.
Preferably, a cyclone separator is arranged above the main separation cavity and provided with a cyclone separation inlet and a cyclone separation outlet, the cyclone separation inlet is connected with the main separation cavity, the cyclone separation outlet is connected with a gas outlet arranged on the shell, and the cyclone separation outlet is positioned at the top of the cyclone separator.
Preferably, the cyclonic separation inlet is located at the top of the cyclone.
Preferably, the bottom of the cyclone is located at a height higher than the desanding feed inlet.
Preferably, the bottom center of the cyclone separator is provided with a second liquid outlet communicated with the main separation cavity.
Preferably, the sand outlet is positioned at the bottom of the shell.
Preferably, a filter and a drain control valve connected to the filter are connected to the first drain port.
The automatic gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid desanding system for natural gas extraction has the following advantages:
through setting up sensor and control system, can carry out the sand discharge according to the inside height of piling up of desander automatically, whole sand discharge process is full-automatic to be accomplished, greatly reduced manual operation.
The cyclone sand ejector improves the adaptability of the equipment, integrates the advantages of gravity settling and cyclone separation, and has a large flow adaptation range.
And thirdly, the damage caused by scouring the pressure vessel shell by sand grains caused by the traditional cyclone desander is eliminated, the safety is high, and the service life is long.
And the sand discharge frequency can be effectively reduced, the service life of a sand discharge loop device is prolonged, and the later sand-liquid separation work is reduced by independently arranging the liquid discharge pipeline provided with the filter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid desanding system for natural gas extraction according to an embodiment of the invention;
the reference numbers in the figures refer to: the device comprises a shell 1, a cyclone separator 2, a desanding feeding hole 3, a first liquid discharging hole 4, a sand discharging hole 5, a gas outlet 6, a cyclone separating inlet 7, a cyclone separating outlet 8, a second liquid discharging hole 9, a controller 10, a sand level detector 11, a liquid level detector 12, an automatic cut-off valve 13, a filter 14, a liquid discharging control valve 15 and a high-differential pressure sand discharging control valve 16.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to an automatic desanding system for gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid for natural gas exploitation, which comprises a shell 1 and a desanding feed port 3 on the shell, wherein a main separation cavity communicated with the desanding feed port 3 is arranged in the shell, and a first liquid discharge port 4 and a sand discharge port 5 are arranged below the desanding feed port; the sand discharge port is connected with an automatic sand discharge branch;
the sand discharge system also comprises an automatic control system, the automatic control system comprises a controller 10, and a sand level detector 11 and a liquid level detector 12 which are connected with the controller, the sand level detector 11 is arranged below the main separation cavity, and the liquid level detector 12 is arranged between the sand level detector 11 and the installation height of the sand discharge opening 5; the automatic sand discharge branch is in control connection with the controller, and the control mode of the controller is as follows: when the solid accumulation height in the main separation cavity is higher than the sand level detector and the liquid height is higher than the liquid level detector, the automatic sand discharge branch is opened for sand discharge, and when the liquid height is lower than the liquid level detector, the automatic sand discharge branch is closed.
The installation heights of the liquid level detector 12 and the sand level detector 11 are determined by installation personnel according to parameters such as solid-liquid ratio of fluid and the like, and an automatic sand discharging interval is determined. When the solid accumulation reaches the setting height of the sand level detector along with the increase of the mixed fluid, the liquid accumulation below the sand level detector reaches the setting height of the liquid level detector; the controller can be realized by a programmable singlechip and the like.
During the use, gas-liquid sand mixed fluid gets into with certain speed and pressure from desanding feed inlet 3 on the shell, solid and liquid are because density is great in the gas-liquid sand mixed fluid, natural deposition piles up as shown in figure 1 in main separating chamber bottom under the action of gravity, when solid pile up the thing and pile up the installation that highly is higher than sand level detector and survey when high, and liquid height is higher than liquid level detector, open automatic sand discharging branch road and arrange the sand, open automatic sand discharging back, the sand water mixture is excreted from automatic sand discharging branch road, solid pile up thing and liquid height descend simultaneously, when liquid height is less than liquid level detector, close automatic sand discharging branch road and stop the sand discharging.
One specific embodiment of the automatic sand discharge branch is that the automatic sand discharge branch comprises an automatic shut-off valve 13 connected with the sand discharge port 5 and a high differential pressure sand discharge control valve 16 connected with the automatic shut-off valve.
When the sand needs to be discharged, the controller sends out an instruction to open the automatic cut-off valve 13, sand accumulated in the main separation cavity is discharged through the high differential pressure sand discharge control valve 16 under the action of differential pressure, in the sand discharging process, after the liquid level is lowered to a position lower than the liquid level detector, the liquid level detector 12 sends out a signal to the controller, the controller sends out an instruction to close the automatic cut-off valve, and the sand discharging process is finished. The high differential pressure sand discharge control valve 16 is a pressure reducing valve, and the high pressure fluid in the main separation cavity is discharged by reducing the pressure after passing through the high differential pressure sand discharge control valve in the sand discharge process, so that the sand discharge pipeline connected outside is prevented from being damaged.
In another specific embodiment, a cyclone separator 2 is arranged above the main separation cavity, the cyclone separator 2 is provided with a cyclone separation inlet 7 and a cyclone separation outlet 8, the cyclone separation inlet 7 is connected with the main separation cavity, the cyclone separation outlet 8 is connected with a gas outlet 6 arranged on the shell 1, the cyclone separation outlet 8 is positioned at the top of the cyclone separator 2, and a first liquid outlet 4 and a sand outlet 5 are arranged below the main separation cavity.
When the cyclone separator is used, gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid enters from a desanding feed inlet 3 on the shell at a certain speed and pressure, the cyclone separator 2 is started to rotate at a high speed, solid and liquid in the gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid are naturally deposited at the bottom of the main separation cavity under the action of gravity due to high density, gas and a small amount of liquid solid enter the cyclone separator 2 above the cyclone separator under the action of self speed and pressure and the rotation of the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separation inlet 7 is usually arranged at the top of the cyclone separator, so that the solid-liquid ratio entering the cyclone separator is smaller as much as possible. The bottom of the cyclone separator is usually higher than the desanding feeding port 3, so that the gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid is prevented from being blocked directly.
Under the centrifugal separation action of the rotation of the cyclone separator, a small amount of liquid and solid contained in the gas entering the cyclone separator 2 overflows the cyclone separator from a cyclone separation outlet 8 at the top and flows out of the desander from a gas outlet 6 on the shell, and the liquid and the solid are centrifugally separated on the side wall of the cyclone separator and finally discharged into the main separation cavity through a second liquid discharge port 9 at the bottom of the cyclone separator.
The sand outlet 5 arranged at the bottom of the main separation cavity is used for discharging solid matters deposited at the bottom, and the first liquid outlet 4 is arranged at a position higher than the sand outlet and lower than the bottom of the cyclone separator 2 and discharges liquid in the main separation cavity from the first liquid outlet.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a filter 14 and a drain control valve 15 connected to the filter are connected to the first drain port, and the first drain port discharges liquid after filtration to prevent contamination.
After the cyclone separation structure is adopted, after fluid enters the space of the sand remover, gas and liquid sand are pre-separated through gravity settling, and then enter the cyclone separation structure for cyclone separation, so that the separation precision is improved, the flow working range is expanded, and meanwhile, the cyclone sand particles do not directly brush the container shell, so that the safety is improved. The first drainage port is added on the shell, after liquid and sand settle to the lower part of the desander, sand grains are accumulated to the bottom under the action of gravity, and the liquid is drained from the drainage port at the upper part, so that the drainage quantity during sand drainage is reduced.
The automatic gas-liquid-sand mixed fluid desanding system for natural gas extraction has the following advantages:
through setting up sensor and control system, can carry out the sand discharge according to the inside height of piling up of desander automatically, whole sand discharge process is full-automatic to be accomplished, greatly reduced manual operation.
The cyclone sand ejector improves the adaptability of the equipment, integrates the advantages of gravity settling and cyclone separation, and has a large flow adaptation range.
And thirdly, the damage caused by scouring the pressure vessel shell by sand grains caused by the traditional cyclone desander is eliminated, the safety is high, and the service life is long.
And the sand discharge frequency can be effectively reduced, the service life of a sand discharge loop device is prolonged, and the later sand-liquid separation work is reduced by independently arranging the liquid discharge pipeline provided with the filter.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein the preferred embodiments are not obviously contradictory or subject to any particular embodiment, and any combination of the preferred embodiments may be combined in any overlapping manner, and the specific parameters in the embodiments and examples are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the inventor's invention verification process and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims and the equivalent structural changes made by the description and drawings of the present invention are also intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.