CN113207938A - Secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing - Google Patents
Secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207938A CN113207938A CN202110489904.5A CN202110489904A CN113207938A CN 113207938 A CN113207938 A CN 113207938A CN 202110489904 A CN202110489904 A CN 202110489904A CN 113207938 A CN113207938 A CN 113207938A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C21/00—Processing poultry
- A22C21/04—Scalding, singeing, waxing, or dewaxing poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
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Abstract
The invention relates to a secondary unhairing method in slaughtering and processing waterfowls, which comprises the steps of (1) pretreating waterfowls; (2) scalding and mechanically roughening; (3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid; (4) soaking the enzymolysis liquid; (5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride; (6) and (4) bristle processing. On the basis of pore expansion after hot scalding of waterfowl carcasses, the action force of enzymatic hydrolysate on hair follicles and hair papillae is increased, the hair roots are promoted to loosen, and the residual carcass hair is removed by utilizing the adhesion characteristic of rosin glyceride. The method has the advantages that the steps are simple and easy to operate, the waterfowl secondary unhairing is carried out by adopting the method of the enzyme and the rosin glyceride, the secondary unhairing time is shortened, the adopted processing raw materials are safe and non-toxic, the unhairing rate reaches more than 98%, no wampee residue is generated on the waterfowl body, the processed waterfowl body has good appearance quality and high edible safety, and the requirements of consumers on the waterfowl meat are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a secondary unhairing method in slaughtering and processing waterfowls, belonging to the technical field of poultry processing.
Background
Waterfowl feathers are various in shape, mainly divided into normal feathers, flying feathers and down feathers, and cover different parts of the body surface to play roles of water prevention, heat preservation and the like. The normal feather and the flying feather are generally considered to grow on primary hair follicles, which are deep and have large hair bulbs. The down feather grows in the secondary hair follicle, which is shallow and has a small hair bulb. The waterfowl feathers are high in density and different in species, and the species, the structures and the arrangement modes of growing hair follicles are differentiated, so that the feather removal difficulty of the waterfowls is different.
Waterfowl depilation is an important link of slaughtering processing enterprises, and is generally divided into two steps: the first step is dipping and scalding in a short time, the carcass is fully contacted with hot water after being slaughtered, and most of positive feather and flying feather on the body surface are smoothly removed under the assistance of a mechanical defeathering device; the second step is called secondary unhairing, which is to remove part of villi and bristles remained on the body surface of the waterfowl body (abdomen, wings, neck and head) on the basis of the scalding process. The secondary unhairing is the core step of the unhairing process after the slaughtered waterfowl, is directly related to the appearance quality of waterfowl products, the efficiency, the practicability and the safety of the unhairing method, and is a hot point of common attention of enterprises and consumers.
The common methods for secondary unhairing of waterfowls include plucking, rosin and wax depilation. The dehairing method needs a large amount of manpower and is not suitable for large-scale production. Rosin can continuously release toxic substances in the heating process, permeates through the epidermis and remains in the bodies of livestock and poultry, so that the rosin is not beneficial to edible safety, and the use of rosin is forbidden in China. The depilation principle of the depilation wax is similar to that of rosin, and the residual hair is removed based on the adhesion characteristic, but the used raw materials are not approved by related national departments, and the safety of the depilation wax is not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of the secondary unhairing method in the existing waterfowl processing, and provides a secondary unhairing method in the waterfowl slaughtering processing.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waterfowls: draining off the killed waterfowl blood, and uniformly spraying the carcass with warm water at 40-50 ℃;
(2) blanching and mechanical roughening: placing the sprayed waterfowl body in a scalding pool at 52-60 ℃, scalding for 5-6min, and mechanically depilating for 3-5min in a depilating machine;
(3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid: sequentially adding 0.1-50 parts of protease, 0.1-5 parts of lipase, 10-50 parts of cysteine and 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent into 100 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and adding an acid-base regulator to regulate the pH value to 5-10 to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) soaking with an enzymolysis solution: heating the enzymolysis solution to 30-45 ℃, soaking the waterfowl body and the enzymolysis solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1:6, stirring and turning over the waterfowl body every 2-3min during the soaking process, and fully mixing the waterfowl body and the enzymolysis solution;
(5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride: heating rosin glyceride to be completely melted, controlling the temperature of the rosin glyceride to be 100-;
(6) and removing residual wax of the waterfowl carcasses by using a fine brush, and entering the next slaughtering step after the inspection is qualified.
Further, the protease in the step (3) is a neutral protease or an alkaline protease.
Further, in the step (3), the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid.
Further, the water-retaining agent in the step (3) is: sodium alginate, chitosan or xanthan gum.
Further, the soaking time in the step (4) is 2-8 min.
Further, in the step (4), the waterfowl carcasses are soaked in the enzymatic hydrolysate and then sprayed with hot water of 52-60 ℃ for 1-2min for the second time, so that the surfaces of the waterfowl carcasses are kept clean and hair follicles are fully expanded.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the method has simple and easy operation, adopts the method of enzyme cooperating with the rosin glyceride to carry out the secondary unhairing of the waterfowl, adopts gradient cooling in the steps of blanching and immersion in the enzymolysis solution, has the temperature difference gradient of 10 ℃, is beneficial to the enzymolysis solution to enter pores and act on hair papilla and hair follicle, promotes the loosening of villus and is easy to fall off, and shortens the secondary unhairing time;
(2) the adopted enzymolysis liquid and rosin glyceride are safe and nontoxic as processing raw materials, repeated wax-dipping and dewaxing operations are avoided, and the problems that pungent odor is generated and volatilized when animal fat is used in conventional secondary depilation, and the health of operators and the environmental cleaning are not facilitated are solved;
(3) the secondary unhairing efficiency is improved, the unhairing rate reaches more than 98%, no wampee residue is generated on the waterfowl carcass, the processed waterfowl carcass has good appearance quality and high edible safety, and the requirement of consumers on the waterfowl meat is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the abdominal hair remaining in the waterfowl carcass after mechanical depilation according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the belly unhairing condition of waterfowl carcasses treated in example two of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: a secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waterfowls: draining off the killed waterfowl blood, and uniformly spraying the carcass with warm water at 40 ℃;
(2) scalding and mechanically roughening: placing the sprayed waterfowl body in a scalding pool at 52 ℃, scalding for 6min, and then mechanically depilating the waterfowl body in a depilating machine for 3 min;
(3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid: sequentially adding 0.1 part of alkaline protease, 0.1 part of lipase, 10 parts of cysteine and 1 part of water-retaining agent sodium alginate into 100 parts of deionized water in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and adding an acid-base regulator to adjust the pH value to 10 to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) soaking with an enzymolysis solution: heating the enzymolysis solution to 30 ℃, soaking the waterfowl carcass and the enzymolysis solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for 2min, stirring and turning over the waterfowl carcass once in the soaking process, and fully mixing the waterfowl carcass and the enzymolysis solution;
(5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride: heating rosin glyceride to be completely melted, controlling the temperature of the rosin glyceride to be 100 ℃, completely immersing the waterfowl body treated in the step (4) into the rosin glyceride, quickly taking out the waterfowl body, soaking and cooling the waterfowl body in water at 10 ℃, sequentially stripping wax on the surface of the waterfowl body according to the sequence of the abdomen, the neck, the hip, the wing tip and the leg after cooling, and pulling out fine hairs on the waterfowl body along with the wax;
(6) and removing residual wax of the waterfowl carcasses by using a fine brush, and entering the next slaughtering step after the inspection is qualified.
Example two: a secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waterfowls: draining off the killed waterfowl blood, and uniformly spraying the carcass with warm water at 45 ℃;
(2) scalding and mechanically roughening: placing the sprayed waterfowl body in a scalding pool at 55 ℃, scalding for 5min, and then mechanically depilating the waterfowl body in a depilating machine for 4 min;
(3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid: sequentially adding 0.5 part of neutral protease, 3 parts of lipase, 20 parts of cysteine and 3 parts of water-retaining agent chitosan into 100 parts of deionized water in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and adding an acid-base regulator to regulate the pH value to 8 to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate;
(4) soaking with an enzymolysis solution: soaking waterfowl carcasses into an enzymatic hydrolysate, spraying the waterfowl carcasses with hot water at 60 ℃ for 2min to keep the surfaces of the waterfowl carcasses clean and fully expand hair follicles, heating the enzymatic hydrolysate to 40 ℃, soaking the waterfowl carcasses and the enzymatic hydrolysate according to the mass ratio of 1:2 for 6min, stirring and turning the waterfowl carcasses every 2min during the soaking process, and fully mixing the waterfowl carcasses with the enzymatic hydrolysate;
(5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride: heating rosin glyceride to be completely melted, controlling the temperature of the rosin glyceride to 120 ℃, completely immersing the waterfowl body treated in the step (4) into the rosin glyceride, quickly taking out the waterfowl body, soaking the waterfowl body in water at 12 ℃ for cooling, sequentially stripping wax on the surface of the waterfowl body according to the sequence of the abdomen, the neck, the hip, the wing tip and the leg after cooling, and pulling out fine hairs on the waterfowl body along with the wax;
(6) and removing residual wax of the waterfowl carcasses by using a fine brush, and entering the next slaughtering step after the inspection is qualified.
Example three: a secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waterfowls: draining off the killed waterfowl blood, and uniformly spraying the carcass with warm water at 50 ℃;
(2) scalding and mechanically roughening: placing the sprayed waterfowl body in a scalding pool at 60 ℃, scalding for 5min, and then mechanically depilating the waterfowl body in a depilating machine for 5 min;
(3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid: adding 50 parts by weight of alkaline protease, 5 parts by weight of lipase, 50 parts by weight of cysteine and 5 parts by weight of water-retaining agent xanthan gum into 100 parts by weight of deionized water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and adding an acid-base regulator to regulate the pH value to 5 to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) soaking with an enzymolysis solution: heating the enzymolysis liquid to 45 ℃, soaking the waterfowl carcass and the enzymolysis liquid according to the mass ratio of 1:6 for 8min, stirring and turning over the waterfowl carcass once every 3min in the soaking process, and fully mixing the waterfowl carcass and the enzymolysis liquid;
(5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride: heating rosin glyceride to be completely melted, controlling the temperature of the rosin glyceride to 130 ℃, completely immersing the waterfowl body treated in the step (4) into the rosin glyceride, quickly taking out the waterfowl body, soaking and cooling the waterfowl body in water at 15 ℃, sequentially stripping wax on the surface of the waterfowl body according to the sequence of the abdomen, the neck, the hip, the wing tip and the leg after cooling, and pulling out fine hairs on the waterfowl body along with the wax;
(6) and removing residual wax of the waterfowl carcasses by using a fine brush, and entering the next slaughtering step after the inspection is qualified.
Method for measuring secondary depilation rate:
randomly selecting 8 fresh carcasses of the same species of waterfowl with uniform size and good appearance after dehairing by a blanching machine in example II, and sampling at 5 points (abdomen, neck, buttocks, wing tip and leg) by selecting 1cm per point2The number of residual hairs is counted and the average value is X1Washing after secondary depilation, counting by the same method and taking an average value X2The formula for calculating the depilation ratio is as follows:
alopecia (%) is (X)1-X2)×100/X1
Finally, the unhairing rate of the waterfowl carcass obtained by the method reaches 98 percent through calculation, and the processed waterfowl carcass has no residual yellow skin, no residual fine hair and good appearance quality.
Claims (6)
1. A secondary unhairing method in waterfowl slaughtering processing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waterfowls: draining off the killed waterfowl blood, and uniformly spraying the carcass with warm water at 40-50 ℃;
(2) blanching and mechanical roughening: placing the sprayed waterfowl body in a scalding pool at 52-60 ℃, scalding for 5-6min, and mechanically depilating for 3-5min in a depilating machine;
(3) preparing an enzymolysis liquid: sequentially adding 0.1-50 parts of protease, 0.1-5 parts of lipase, 10-50 parts of cysteine and 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent into 100 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and adding an acid-base regulator to regulate the pH value to 5-10 to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) soaking with an enzymolysis solution: heating the enzymolysis solution to 30-45 ℃, soaking the waterfowl body and the enzymolysis solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1:6, stirring and turning over the waterfowl body every 2-3min during the soaking process, and fully mixing the waterfowl body and the enzymolysis solution;
(5) wax dipping and dewaxing of rosin glyceride: heating rosin glyceride to be completely melted, controlling the temperature of the rosin glyceride to be 100-;
(6) and removing residual wax of the waterfowl carcasses by using a fine brush, and entering the next slaughtering step after the inspection is qualified.
2. A secondary dehairing process in a waterfowl slaughter process according to claim 1 wherein: the protease in the step (3) is neutral protease or alkaline protease.
3. A secondary dehairing process in a waterfowl slaughter process according to claim 1 wherein: and (3) the acid-base regulator is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid.
4. A secondary dehairing process in a waterfowl slaughter process according to claim 1 wherein: the water-retaining agent in the step (3) is as follows: sodium alginate, chitosan or xanthan gum.
5. A secondary dehairing process in a waterfowl slaughter process according to claim 1 wherein: the soaking time in the step (4) is 2-8 min.
6. A secondary dehairing process in a waterfowl slaughter process according to claim 1 wherein: in the step (4), the waterfowl carcasses are soaked into the enzymatic hydrolysate and then sprayed with hot water at the temperature of 52-60 ℃ for 1-2min for the second time, so that the surfaces of the waterfowl carcasses are kept clean and hair follicles are fully expanded.
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2021
- 2021-05-06 CN CN202110489904.5A patent/CN113207938B/en active Active
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| CN103080340A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-05-01 | 西孟加拉邦理工大学 | Hide processing methods and compositions |
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| CN105524906A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-27 | 湖南新鸿鹰生物工程有限公司 | Leather softening compound enzyme with acid proteases and method for preparing leather softening compound enzyme |
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