CN113206379A - Multilayer suspension strip line antenna feed structure - Google Patents
Multilayer suspension strip line antenna feed structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113206379A CN113206379A CN202110368240.7A CN202110368240A CN113206379A CN 113206379 A CN113206379 A CN 113206379A CN 202110368240 A CN202110368240 A CN 202110368240A CN 113206379 A CN113206379 A CN 113206379A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer suspended strip line antenna feed structure, which comprises: the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure and the suspension strip line power distribution structure are arranged on the waveguide; the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure is used for discretization of planar electromagnetic waves and comprises an input waveguide structure, a probe structure, a metal partition plate and a multi-path suspension strip line discretization structure output port; the short circuit surface of the input waveguide structure is provided with a plurality of metal clapboards which are arranged at equal intervals, the center position of each adjacent metal clapboard is provided with a probe structure, and the tail end of each probe structure is connected with the output port of each suspension strip line discretization structure; the suspension strip line power distribution structure is connected with each path of output port of the suspension strip line discretization structure and used for energy uniform or non-uniform distribution. The invention has simple structure and easy processing, can realize low profile, wide frequency band and low side lobe, and can be used for feeding CTS antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and antenna feed sources, in particular to a multi-layer suspended strip line antenna feed structure.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the demand for wireless broadband channels for high-speed data transmission is increasing, and especially in the field of mobile satellite communication, antennas which can meet the requirements of mobile use, specifically, antennas with high gain, small size and light weight, are lacking. The ever-increasing demand for high-throughput communication has led to the widespread use of millimeter waves in modern wireless communication systems, with a frequency range of 30 to 300, a total bandwidth of about 250, and a frequency band between microwave and infrared light waves, which, compared with conventional microwave systems, not only has the advantage of all-weather operation, but also provides a wider range of available spectrum resources and a more compact design size; compared with infrared light, the millimeter wave not only inherits the advantages of large information capacity, high resolution and the like, but also is less influenced by the climate environment, and can better utilize an atmospheric window for communication. For directional wireless data communication with satellites (e.g. in the Ku or Ka band) there are extremely high requirements on the transmission characteristics of the antenna, since interference between adjacent satellites must be reliably prevented. In mobile communication applications, the weight and size of the antennas are very important because they can reduce the payload of the mobile carrier and can reduce the corresponding operating costs. In the field of satellite communications, regulations dictate that mobile satellites do not generate interference in front of adjacent satellites during directional transmission operations, for which reason antennas need to be designed that cannot exceed a certain number of lobe widths. This leads to strict requirements for antenna characteristics according to the index. As the lobe width decreases, the separation angle of the antenna from the target satellite decreases and the antenna gain increases accordingly. Generally, a parabolic antenna having these characteristics is used. However, for most mobile applications, particularly for aircraft, parabolic antennas are not suitable due to their large size. For example, in the case of commercial aircraft, where the antenna is mounted to the fuselage, additional air resistance is introduced due to the large size of the parabolic antenna.
Due to the increasing demand for high transmission rates and highly reliable transmissions in communication systems, CTS antennas are becoming candidates for advanced antenna systems as antennas with good performance and manufacturing stability. The traditional CTS antenna is composed of a plurality of parallel plate waveguides with tangential slits, any longitudinal current component generated by the parallel plate waveguide excited by plane waves can be cut off by the transverse slits, and due to the adoption of the parallel plate waveguide structure, the transmission loss is lowered, and the antenna efficiency is obviously improved. However, most of the existing CTS antenna array designs use parallel plate waveguide or substrate integrated waveguide feeding. Although the former feeding mode has low loss, the processing and assembling difficulty of the feeding network is improved along with the increase of the aperture of the antenna, the section of the antenna is enlarged along with the increase of the aperture of the antenna, and the miniaturization of an antenna system cannot be realized; the latter feeding method has a low profile, but the feeding network has a large loss and a low power capacity, and this method deteriorates the antenna efficiency and cannot be effectively applied to practical environments.
Compared with the traditional parallel plate waveguide or substrate integrated waveguide feeding mode, a new plane transmission line alternative scheme is discussed, the plane transmission line has extremely high processing precision and small appearance and is widely applied to radar and wireless communication systems, and common plane transmission lines comprise Microstrip lines (Microstrip lines), Air strip lines (Air strip lines), suspension strip lines (suspended strip lines) and the like; the microstrip line has larger loss in high-frequency application, the air strip line has certain difficulty in processing and assembling due to structural characteristics, and the suspension strip line is different from the air strip line and the air strip line, so that the suspension strip line has lower loss in high frequency, and transmission characteristics of some microstrip lines are kept, such as a quasi-TEM mode and the like, so that the suspension strip line has certain application value in low-loss and high-efficiency antenna feed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a multi-layer suspended strip antenna feed structure which has the advantages of low section, wide band, low side lobe and easiness in processing.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multilayer suspended strip line antenna feed structure comprises a waveguide suspended strip line discretization structure and a suspended strip line power distribution structure; the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure is used for discretization of planar electromagnetic waves and comprises an input waveguide structure, a probe structure, a metal partition plate and a multi-path suspension strip line discretization structure output port; a plurality of metal clapboards which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the short circuit surface of the input waveguide structure, and a probe structure is arranged at the center position of each adjacent metal clapboard; the tail end of the probe structure is connected with the output ports of the suspended strip line discretization structures; the suspension strip line power distribution structure is connected with each path of output port of the suspension strip line discretization structure and used for energy uniform or non-uniform distribution.
Furthermore, electromagnetic waves are fed into one end of the input waveguide structure, the width and the height of a cavity of the input waveguide structure are A and B respectively, wherein A is more than lambda0，B＜λ0，λ0The minimum free space wavelength for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic wave, A is equal to integral multiple of the discretization distance D, and the mode of feeding the electromagnetic wave is TE10 mode or quasi-TEM mode; the other end of the input waveguide structure is provided with a short-circuit surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves to form standing waves at each probe structure. To prevent higher order modes, the waveguide height of the input waveguide structure should be less than half a wavelength.
Further, when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is equal to the discretization distance D, the input waveguide structure may be a rectangular waveguide power splitting structure or a ridge waveguide power splitting structure, and when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is greater than the discretization distance D, the input waveguide structure may be a parallel plate waveguide structure.
Furthermore, the probe structure comprises a suspension strip line, a dielectric substrate and an output suspension strip line waveguide cavity, wherein the suspension strip line is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate and is arranged at the central position of the output suspension strip line waveguide cavity, the output suspension strip line waveguide cavity is perpendicular to the input waveguide structure, the bottom of the dielectric substrate extends into the input waveguide structure to form the probe structure, the dielectric substrate is parallel to the electric field direction of the input waveguide structure, the dielectric substrate extends into the central position of the input waveguide structure, and impedance matching is realized by adjusting the height of each probe structure from the ground of the waveguide, the thickness of the probe, and the distance between each probe structure and the short-circuit surface of the input waveguide; the end of the probe structure is provided with an inductive transmission line for compensating the capacitive impedance of the probe structure.
Furthermore, the metal clapboards are arranged at the short circuit surface of the input waveguide structure at equal intervals, the center of each adjacent metal clapboard is provided with a probe structure, and the height of each metal clapboard is the same as that of the input waveguide structure; the distance D between adjacent metal partitions is equal to the discretization distance D, D < lambda0(ii) a And the impedance matching is realized by adjusting the length and the width of the metal partition plate.
Furthermore, the output port of the multi-path suspended strip line discretization structure is connected with the tail end of each probe structure, and is used for inputting the discretized electromagnetic wave signal into the suspended strip line power distribution structure.
Furthermore, the suspension strip line power distribution structure is used for shunting and feeding electromagnetic waves into the next stage and consists of a plurality of suspension strip line power distributors and suspension strip line elbows; the suspension strip line power distribution structure is a single-stage or multi-stage cascade structure; the suspension strip line power divider is an equal or unequal power divider and is used for uniformly or unevenly distributing electromagnetic wave energy; the suspension strip line elbow is used for converting the electromagnetic wave propagation direction and compensating the phase.
Further, the suspended strip line power distribution structure can be a parallel, series, parallel series combined feed structure.
Furthermore, the multilayer suspended strip line antenna feed structure further comprises a radiation structure, and the radiation structure is connected with an output port of the suspended strip line power distribution structure and used for radiating the electromagnetic wave after energy distribution to a free space.
Further, a suspended strip line power distribution structure is placed at the bottom of the radiating structure, and electromagnetic waves are fed from the suspended strip line power distribution structure to the output horn in a quasi-TEM mode and are radiated from the top of the output horn to a free space.
Further, the implementation of the radiation structure is mainly divided into two types: the suspended strip line power distribution structure is combined with a micro-strip antenna (Vivaldi antenna, monopole antenna and the like), the implementation is simpler, but the bandwidth is narrower and the section is higher; the suspended stripline power distribution structure in combination with the feedhorn, which may be either a stepped horn or an asymptotic (straight) horn, provides broadband and low profile performance.
Furthermore, the inner walls of the parallel plate waveguides of the multilayer suspended strip antenna feed structure are all made of good metal conductors.
Further, the suspended stripline waveguide cavity of the multilayer suspended stripline antenna feed structure may be a closed structure or an open structure.
Furthermore, the inner walls of the suspended stripline cavities of the multilayer suspended stripline antenna feed structure are all made of good metal conductors, and low-loss media or air can be filled in the suspended stripline cavities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. due to the adoption of the design method of the multilayer structure, the caliber of the antenna is expanded, and meanwhile, the complexity of the structure is not increased, so that the design is simplified, and the whole structure is easier to process.
2. Because the traditional parallel plate waveguide is replaced by the suspension strip line, the height of the transmission line is reduced, the structure is more compact, and the overall section is lower; high-order modes in the waveguide propagation process are avoided, and energy loss caused by the high-order modes is reduced to a certain extent; the design process of the suspended strip line power divider is simpler, so that the design flexibility of the cascade feed network is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a feeding structure of a multi-layer suspended strip line antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a waveguide suspended stripline discretization architecture of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a waveguide suspended stripline discretization architecture of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a radiating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a suspended stripline cavity enclosure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an open structure of a suspended stripline cavity of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a feeding structure of a multi-layer suspended strip line antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a multi-layer suspended stripline antenna feed structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an input waveguide mechanism when a planar wave feed is used in the multi-layer suspended strip antenna feed structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an input waveguide structure when a rectangular waveguide feed is used in a multi-layer suspended strip antenna feed structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an electric field distribution diagram of a multi-layer suspended stripline antenna feed structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Because the invention works in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency band, the influence of transmission line loss needs to be considered in the design process, and the common low-loss transmission line has a waveguide and suspended strip line structure. In a certain frequency band, different frequencies can cause different propagation constants under the condition that the height of parallel plate waveguide is constant, and the suspended strip line transmission line has non-dispersion characteristic, so that the propagation constants do not change obviously along with the change of the frequency, therefore, the suspended strip line power distribution structure is selected to replace the traditional waveguide power distribution structure to realize the design of an unequal power distributor, and compared with the traditional CTS antenna, the directional diagram of the design can realize narrow beams on the azimuth plane and the elevation plane. Meanwhile, the non-dispersion characteristic of the suspended strip line enables the design of the unequal power divider to be simpler, and the transmission line is compact in structure, so that the whole section becomes lower. In addition, a plurality of suspension strip line power distribution structures can be stacked front and back, each layer can correspond to different signal amplitude phases, and an antenna array is formed on a pitching surface, so that antenna gain is increased or beam scanning is realized. The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a multilayer suspended stripline antenna feed structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a waveguide suspended stripline discretization structure 2 and a suspended stripline power distribution structure 3; the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure 2 comprises an input waveguide structure 7, a probe structure 12, a metal partition plate 9 and a multi-path suspension strip line discretization structure output port; the waveguide structure 1 is a parallel plate waveguide and is positioned at the bottom of the structure and transversely placed, one end of the waveguide structure 1 is connected with an external input feed source through an input port 5, and the other end of the waveguide structure 1 is connected with an input waveguide structure 7; one end of the input waveguide structure 7 is connected with the waveguide structure 1 to feed in electromagnetic waves, the width and the height of the input waveguide structure 7 are respectively A and B, wherein A is more than lambda 0, B is less than lambda 0, lambda 0 is the minimum free space wavelength of transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic waves, A is equal to integral multiple of the discretization distance D, the mode of the fed-in electromagnetic waves is a TE10 mode or a quasi-TEM mode, the other end of the input waveguide structure 7 is set as a short-circuit surface and used for reflecting the electromagnetic waves, standing waves are formed at each probe structure 12, and in order to prevent a high-order mode, the waveguide height of the input waveguide structure 7 is smaller than half wavelength; the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure 2 is an L-shaped structure, and the output end of the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure is connected with the multistage suspension strip line power distribution structure 3; the multi-stage suspension strip line power distribution structure 3 is a bilateral symmetry structure, is formed by cascading a six-stage suspension strip line power divider and a plurality of suspension strip line elbows and is provided with thirty-two output ports; thirty-two radiation structures 4 are arranged in a transverse equal-interval mode, input ports of the radiation structures 4 are respectively connected with output ports of the multistage suspended strip-line power distribution structures 3 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the waveguide height of an output port 6 of each radiation structure 4 is smaller than the waveguide wavelength of the highest-frequency electromagnetic wave received or sent by the feed structure of the multilayer suspended strip-line antenna, and the distance between the output ports is smaller than the free space wavelength of the highest frequency.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the waveguide suspended stripline discretization structure 2 includes an input waveguide structure 7, a metal spacer 9, a first dielectric substrate 11, a suspended stripline 8, and an output suspended stripline waveguide cavity 14. The input waveguide structure 7 is connected with an output port of the waveguide structure 1, the metal partition plate 9 is positioned at the input waveguide short-circuit surface 13, and the height of the metal partition plate 9 is the same as that of the input waveguide structure 7; the suspension strip line 8 is printed on one side of the first dielectric substrate 11, the first dielectric substrate 11 is arranged in the output suspension strip line waveguide cavity 14, the output suspension strip line waveguide cavity 14 is arranged perpendicular to the input waveguide structure 7, the bottom of the output suspension strip line waveguide cavity extends into the input waveguide structure 7 perpendicularly, the first dielectric substrate 11 is parallel to the electric field direction of the input waveguide structure 7, and the first dielectric substrate 11 extends into the central position of the input waveguide structure 7.
The suspension strip line 8 extends into the input waveguide structure 7 to form a probe structure 12, the suspension strip line can be matched with the waveguide impedance by adjusting the height of the probe structure 12 from the waveguide ground, the thickness of the probe and the distance between the probe structure 12 and the input waveguide short-circuit surface 13, and the inductive transmission line 10 is arranged at the tail end of the probe and used for compensating the capacitive impedance of the probe structure. The output suspension strip line waveguide cavity 14 is composed of a section of rectangular waveguide with a small waveguide height, the first dielectric substrate 11 is arranged in the center of the cavity, and the characteristic impedance of the suspension strip line 8 can be adjusted by adjusting the cavity height.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the radiation structure 4 includes a radiation suspended stripline waveguide cavity 18, a suspended stripline bend 19, a radiation suspended stripline probe 20, a horn metal diaphragm 17, a waveguide horn 16, and a second dielectric substrate 21; the horn metal partition plate 17 is positioned at the bottom of the waveguide horn 16, and the width of the horn metal partition plate 17 is the same as that of the bottom of the waveguide horn 16; the opening at the top of the waveguide horn 16 is in a step shape or an asymptotic shape; the suspension strip line 8 is printed on a second dielectric substrate 21, the second dielectric substrate 21 is placed in the radiation suspension strip line waveguide cavity 18, and the radiation suspension strip line probe 20 is formed by turning the second dielectric substrate through a suspension strip line elbow 19 and extending into the bottom of the waveguide horn 16; the suspended radiation stripline probe 20 is disposed approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength height level from the bottom of the waveguide horn 16. Electromagnetic waves are fed from the radiation suspended strip waveguide cavity 18 in a quasi-TEM mode, and are radiated to a free space from the top after passing through the suspended strip bend 19, the radiation suspended strip probe 20 and the waveguide horn 16 respectively.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the suspension stripline 8 has a width wcThe width of the suspended strip line waveguide cavity 14 is wa. When the width w of the waveguide cavityaNot more than 5 times the width w of the suspended strip linecWhen the waveguide is called a suspended strip line waveguide cavity closed structure, as shown in FIG. 6; when the width w of the waveguide cavityaGreater than 5 times the suspended strip line width wcSometimes called a suspended stripline waveguide cavity open junctionFig. 7.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the multi-layer suspended strip-line CTS antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an eight-layer suspended strip-line discretization antenna feed structure, the input waveguide structure adopts a parallel-plate waveguide structure, a first dielectric substrate 11 is embedded in each layer of the suspended strip-line discretization structure 2, and a metal spacer 9 is disposed between each layer. To prevent the pitch surface from having too high a grating lobe, the thickness of the metal spacer 9 is less than the highest frequency free space wavelength. By changing the amplitude and phase distribution of the plane wave input to the waveguide, the side lobe and the scanning angle of the directional pattern can be adjusted. The advantages of phased array scanning and low sidelobes are obtained with this configuration.
Referring to fig. 10, when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is equal to the discretization distance D, the input waveguide structure may be a rectangular waveguide power splitting structure or a ridge waveguide power splitting structure, and referring to fig. 11, when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is greater than the discretization distance D, the input waveguide structure may be a parallel plate waveguide structure.
The multi-layer suspended strip antenna feed structure of the present invention is simulated by using the commercial simulation software CST study, and fig. 12 is an azimuthal plane electric field distribution diagram of the multi-layer suspended strip antenna feed structure of the embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 12, the planar wave excited by the input port is converted into a quasi-TEM wave after passing through the waveguide suspended strip discretization structure 2, and the output amplitude shows taper distribution and the output phase is the same after the energy passes through the multistage suspended strip power distribution structure 3 and the radiation structure 4.
The above are specific embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can manufacture a feeding structure of a multilayer suspended strip antenna by applying the method disclosed in the present invention and some alternative ways without creative efforts. The structure of the invention has the characteristics of broadband, low profile, small loss, simple design, easy processing and the like, is suitable for replacing the traditional waveguide radiation feed structure, and is particularly suitable for being used as the feed radiation structure of a CTS antenna.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-layer suspended stripline antenna feed structure, comprising: the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure and the suspension strip line power distribution structure are arranged on the waveguide; the waveguide suspension strip line discretization structure is used for discretization of planar electromagnetic waves and comprises an input waveguide structure, a probe structure, a metal partition plate and a multi-path suspension strip line discretization structure output port; a plurality of metal clapboards which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the short circuit surface of the input waveguide structure, and a probe structure is arranged at the center position of each adjacent metal clapboard; the tail end of the probe structure is connected with the output ports of the suspended strip line discretization structures; the suspension strip line power distribution structure is connected with each path of output port of the suspension strip line discretization structure and used for energy uniform or non-uniform distribution.
2. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the input waveguide structure is fed with electromagnetic waves at one end, and the width and height of the cavity of the input waveguide structure are A and B, respectively, where A > λ ™0，B＜λ0，λ0The minimum free space wavelength for transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic wave, A is equal to integral multiple of the discretization distance D, and the mode of feeding the electromagnetic wave is TE10 mode or quasi-TEM mode; the other end of the input waveguide structure is provided with a short-circuit surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves to form standing waves at each probe structure.
3. The feeding structure of claim 2, wherein the input waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide power splitting structure or a ridge waveguide power splitting structure when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is equal to the discretization distance D, and is a parallel plate waveguide structure when the cavity width a of the input waveguide structure is greater than the discretization distance D.
4. The feed structure of claim 1, wherein the waveguide suspended stripline discretization structure is further capable of impedance matching and energy steering.
5. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the suspension strip is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate, and the bottom of the suspension strip vertically extends into the cavity of the input waveguide structure to form a probe structure; the impedance matching is realized by adjusting the height of each probe structure from the bottom surface of the waveguide, the thickness of the probe and the distance between each probe structure and the short-circuit surface of the input waveguide; the end of the probe structure is provided with an inductive transmission line for compensating the capacitive impedance of the probe structure.
6. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the height of the metal partition is the same as the height of the waveguide structure; the distance D between adjacent metal partitions is equal to the discretization distance D, D < lambda0(ii) a And the impedance matching is realized by adjusting the length and the width of the metal partition plate.
7. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cavity of the suspended stripline waveguide is made of a good metal conductor, and the interior of the cavity can be filled with a low-loss medium or air; the suspended stripline waveguide cavity may be a closed structure or an open structure.
8. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the suspended strip line power distribution structure is composed of a plurality of suspended strip line power dividers and suspended strip line elbows; the suspension strip line power distribution structure is a single-stage or multi-stage cascade structure; the suspension strip line power divider is an equal or unequal power divider and is used for uniformly or unevenly distributing electromagnetic wave energy; the suspension strip line elbow is used for converting the electromagnetic wave propagation direction and compensating the phase.
9. The multi-layer suspended stripline antenna feed structure of claim 1, further comprising a radiating structure connected to the output port of the suspended stripline power distribution structure for radiating the energy-distributed electromagnetic waves into free space.
10. The feeding structure of claim 1, wherein the antenna feeding structure is a multi-layer structure, and the layers are arranged in parallel; by adjusting the number of layers, the aperture of the antenna is adjusted under the condition that the power distribution structure of the suspension strip line and the processing difficulty are not changed. The antenna feed structure is externally connected with a plane wave feed source.
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