CN113205000A - Modulation mode identification method based on Cauchy Score polar coordinate diagram - Google Patents

Modulation mode identification method based on Cauchy Score polar coordinate diagram Download PDF

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CN113205000A
CN113205000A CN202110375837.4A CN202110375837A CN113205000A CN 113205000 A CN113205000 A CN 113205000A CN 202110375837 A CN202110375837 A CN 202110375837A CN 113205000 A CN113205000 A CN 113205000A
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栾声扬
高银锐
赵明龙
陈薇
张兆军
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Jiangsu Normal University
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Abstract

A modulation mode identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph comprises the following steps: acquiring a radio signal and carrying out Cauchy Score processing on the radio signal; calculating a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph and manufacturing a training set and a testing set; designing and training a lightweight convolutional neural network; and testing the convolutional neural network and identifying the modulation mode of the radio signal. Experiments prove that the algorithm has a good effect on solving the problem of modulation mode identification under the condition of impulsive noise, and in addition, the lightweight network used in the method has lower calculation complexity, which has important significance on the practical application of the method.

Description

Modulation mode identification method based on Cauchy Score polar coordinate diagram
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of image identification and communication, relates to modulation mode identification of radio signals, and particularly relates to a modulation mode identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph.
Background
Modulation scheme identification is an important step between radio signal detection and demodulation, and the task thereof is to judge the modulation scheme of a radio signal by information already grasped without prior knowledge or insufficient prior knowledge, for example, in uncooperative communication. The technology is widely applied to the fields of cognitive radio, spectrum management, electronic countermeasure and the like. The existing modulation mode identification methods are mainly divided into two types, namely maximum likelihood estimation and signal feature based. The method based on maximum likelihood estimation, which considers the modulation mode identification as a hypothesis testing problem and compares the likelihood function of the signal with a threshold value, can generally obtain a better solution, but has higher computational complexity. The method based on the signal features firstly needs to extract various features of the signals and then sends the features to the classifier for classification, and the method may not obtain an optimal solution, but is easy to practice and relatively low in calculation amount.
In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, more and more researchers try to apply the techniques of machine learning and deep learning to the field of signal processing, and a plurality of modulation mode identification methods based on different characteristics and various neural networks are proposed and achieve good effects. However, the existing modulation mode identification method is usually based on a gaussian noise environment, and the method is easy to have performance degradation under the condition of non-gaussian noise, such as impulse noise. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a modulation mode identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph, and provides a feasible method for solving the problem of modulation mode identification under the condition of impulsive noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modulation mode identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a: radio signals are acquired and subjected to cauchy Score processing.
A1: a radio signal is acquired.
A2: the radio signal is subjected to cauchy Score processing.
B: and calculating the characteristics of the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph and manufacturing a training set and a testing set.
B1: and calculating the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph characteristic of the radio signal.
B2: and fully mixing the characteristics, and forming a training set, a verification set and a test set by the mixed characteristics according to a certain proportion.
C: and designing and training a lightweight convolutional neural network.
C1: and designing a lightweight convolutional neural network.
C2: the convolutional neural network is trained using a training set.
C3: the convolutional neural network is validated using a validation set.
D: and testing the convolutional neural network and identifying the modulation mode of the radio signal.
D1: the convolutional neural network is tested using a test set.
D2: and identifying a radio signal modulation mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the algorithm has a good effect on solving the problem of modulation mode identification under the condition of impulsive noise, and in addition, the lightweight network used in the method has lower calculation complexity, which has important significance on the practical application of the method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general flowchart of a modulation scheme identification method based on a cauchy Score polar coordinate diagram according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the Score function according to the present invention. The curve corresponding to α ═ 1 is the curve of the cauchy Score function used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a polar plot of Cauchy Score according to the present invention. The modulated signals are exemplified by 2ASK, 4ASK, 8ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64 QAM.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a lightweight convolutional neural network according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a confusion matrix according to the present invention. The modulated signals are exemplified by 2ASK, 4ASK, 8ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 2FSK, and AM.
Fig. 6 is a graph of identification accuracy in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of recognition accuracy for various methods in accordance with the present invention. The comparison method adopts a traditional constellation diagram and a polar coordinate diagram as characteristics.
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding, the technical solutions in the implementation process of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention.
A modulation mode identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate diagram is shown in a general flow chart of the modulation mode identification method in figure 1, and mainly comprises the following steps:
a: radio signals are acquired and subjected to cauchy Score processing.
The step A specifically comprises the following steps:
a1: a radio signal is acquired. And generating a simulation radio signal through related software, adding impulse noise, or acquiring a real radio signal under the impulse noise condition through equipment such as a receiver. The radio signal model with the impulsive noise added is:
y(t)=x(t)+v(t)
wherein, x (t) and y (t) are respectively transmitted and received complex signals in continuous time domain, and v (t) is impulse noise subject to Alpha stable distribution. The ratio of signal to Alpha stationary noise (GSNR), which is defined as:
Figure BDA0003009796280000051
in the formula, PsRepresents the power of the signal, and γ represents the dispersion coefficient of Alpha stationary distributed noise.
A2: the radio signal is subjected to cauchy Score processing. Discretizing and standardizing the acquired radio signals, and respectively carrying out nonlinear mapping on a real part and an imaginary part of the obtained complex sequence by using a Cauchy Score function. The concrete formula of the cauchy Score function is as follows:
ySC(n)=ρ1(y(n))=aSC(n)+jbSC(n)
in the formula, aSCAnd bSCRespectively the real and imaginary part, p, of the signalα(. cndot.) is a Score function, whose expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003009796280000052
in the formula (f)α(x) Is a probability density function of Alpha stable distribution. When α is 1, the Alpha stability profile degrades to the Cauchy profile, which is f1(x)=1/[π(1+x2)]And ρ1(x)=(2x)/(1+x2)。
B: and calculating the characteristics of the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph and manufacturing a training set and a testing set.
The step B specifically comprises the following steps:
b1: and calculating the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph characteristic of the radio signal. Respectively taking the real part and the imaginary part after nonlinear mapping as an abscissa and an ordinate, obtaining an ordinal pair (rho, theta) by calculating a polar coordinate, respectively taking rho and theta as the abscissa and the ordinate of a rectangular coordinate system, and calculating the Korea polar coordinate graph characteristics corresponding to the radio signals one by one according to the sampling time n.
B2: the above features are fully mixed, and the mixed features are combined into a training set, a verification set and a test set according to a certain proportion, wherein the proportion is generally 6: 2: 2.
the plot of the Score function according to the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The curve corresponding to α ═ 1 is the curve of the cauchy Score function used in the present invention.
The polar plot of Cauchy Score according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. The modulated signals are exemplified by 2ASK, 4ASK, 8ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64 QAM.
C: and designing and training a lightweight convolutional neural network.
The step C specifically comprises the following steps:
c1: and designing a lightweight convolutional neural network. Based on the ShuffleNet V2 network, the lightweight convolutional neural network is built by reducing the number of the convolutional layers and the number of the input and output channels.
Fig. 4 shows a structural diagram of a lightweight convolutional neural network according to the present invention.
C2: the convolutional neural network is trained using a training set. The convolutional neural network described by C1 is trained using a training set containing the cauchy Score polar plot and the corresponding labels as inputs. In the training process, batch normalization processing is carried out by using BatchNorm2d, nonlinear transformation is introduced by using a ReLU activation function, the sample fitting degree is evaluated by using a cross entropy loss function, the training process is optimized by using an RMSprop algorithm, and the learning rate is set to be 0.01.
C3: the convolutional neural network is validated using a validation set. And taking the verification set as the input of the convolutional neural network C1 to verify the classification effect.
D: and testing the convolutional neural network and identifying the modulation mode of the radio signal.
The step D specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: the convolutional neural network is tested using a test set. And selecting a network with higher training accuracy and verification accuracy for the test set, and testing the classification effect of the network.
D2: and identifying a radio signal modulation mode. And taking the Couchy Score polar coordinate graph characteristic of the radio signal with an unknown modulation mode as the input of the convolutional neural network C1 to obtain the prediction result of the radio signal modulation mode, and drawing a confusion matrix and an accuracy curve based on the result so as to measure the classification effect of the lightweight convolutional neural network on each modulation signal under the condition of impulsive noise.
The confusion matrix diagram according to the invention is shown in fig. 5. The modulation signal takes 2ASK, 4ASK, 8ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 2FSK and AM as examples, the value of the Alpha stable distribution noise characteristic index is α ═ 1.2, the value range of the generalized signal-to-noise ratio is GSNR ∈ [ -5,15] dB, the real label represents the actual debugging mode of the signal, and the prediction label represents the predicted modulation mode of the signal.
The recognition accuracy graph according to the present invention is shown in fig. 6.
The recognition accuracy curves of the different methods involved in the present invention are shown in fig. 7. The comparison method adopts a traditional constellation diagram and a polar coordinate diagram as characteristics.

Claims (6)

1. A modulation identification method based on a Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a: acquiring a radio signal and carrying out Cauchy Score processing on the radio signal;
a1: acquiring a radio signal;
a2: performing Cauchy Score processing on the radio signal;
b: calculating the characteristics of the Kexi Score polar coordinate graph and manufacturing a training set and a test set;
b1: calculating the polar coordinate graph characteristics of the Cauchy Score of the radio signal;
b2: fully mixing the characteristics, and forming a training set, a verification set and a test set by the mixed characteristics according to a certain proportion;
c: designing and training a lightweight convolutional neural network;
c1: designing a lightweight convolutional neural network;
c2: training the convolutional neural network by using a training set;
c3: validating the convolutional neural network using a validation set;
d: testing the convolutional neural network and identifying the modulation mode of the radio signal;
d1: testing the convolutional neural network using a test set;
d2: and identifying a radio signal modulation mode.
2. The modulation identification method based on the polar coordinate graph of cauchy Score as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step a of acquiring the radio signal and performing cauchy Score processing on the radio signal specifically comprises the steps of:
a1: acquiring a radio signal; generating a simulation radio signal through related software, adding impulse noise, or acquiring a real radio signal under the condition of the impulse noise through equipment such as a receiver;
a2: performing Cauchy Score processing on the radio signal; discretizing and standardizing the acquired radio signals, and respectively carrying out nonlinear mapping on a real part and an imaginary part of the obtained complex sequence by using a Cauchy Score function.
3. The modulation identification method based on the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph according to claim 1, wherein B said calculating the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph features and making the training set and the testing set specifically comprises:
b1: and calculating the Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph characteristic of the radio signal. Respectively taking the real part and the imaginary part after nonlinear mapping as an abscissa and an ordinate, obtaining an ordinal pair (rho, theta) by calculating the polar coordinates of the real part and the imaginary part, respectively taking the rho and the theta as the abscissa and the ordinate of a rectangular coordinate system, and calculating the Kouchi Score polar coordinate graph characteristics corresponding to the radio signals one by one according to the sampling time n;
b2: fully mixing the characteristics, and forming a training set, a verification set and a test set by the mixed characteristics according to a certain proportion; the proportion of training, validation and test sets is typically: 6: 2: 2.
4. the modulation identification method according to claim 1, wherein the modulation identification method based on Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph,
c, designing and training the lightweight convolutional neural network specifically comprises the following steps:
c1: designing a lightweight convolutional neural network; on the basis of a ShuffleNet V2 network, the lightweight convolutional neural network is built by reducing the number of the convolutional layers and the number of input and output channels;
c2: training the convolutional neural network by using a training set;
c3: the convolutional neural network is validated using a validation set. And taking the verification set as the input of the convolutional neural network C1 to verify the classification effect.
5. The modulation identification method according to claim 4, wherein the modulation identification method based on Cauchy Score polar coordinate graph,
the step comprising C2 includes:
the convolutional neural network described by C1 is trained using a training set containing the cauchy Score polar plot and the corresponding labels as inputs. In the training process, batch normalization processing is carried out by using BatchNorm2d, nonlinear transformation is introduced by using a ReLU activation function, the sample fitting degree is evaluated by using a cross entropy loss function, the training process is optimized by using an RMSprop algorithm, and the learning rate is set to be 0.01.
6. The modulation identification method based on the polar coordinate graph of cauchy Score as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step D of testing the convolutional neural network and identifying the radio signal modulation mode specifically comprises the steps of:
d1: testing the convolutional neural network using a test set; selecting a network with higher training accuracy and verification accuracy for the test set, and testing the classification effect of the network;
d2: identifying a radio signal modulation mode; and taking the Couchy Score polar coordinate graph characteristic of the radio signal with an unknown modulation mode as the input of the convolutional neural network C1 to obtain the prediction result of the radio signal modulation mode, and drawing a confusion matrix and an accuracy curve based on the result so as to measure the classification effect of the lightweight convolutional neural network on each modulation signal under the condition of impulsive noise.
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