CN113203979A - Phase comparison method angle measurement method after smoothing - Google Patents

Phase comparison method angle measurement method after smoothing Download PDF

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CN113203979A
CN113203979A CN202110399034.2A CN202110399034A CN113203979A CN 113203979 A CN113203979 A CN 113203979A CN 202110399034 A CN202110399034 A CN 202110399034A CN 113203979 A CN113203979 A CN 113203979A
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angle
difference
antennas
signal
azimuth
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熊军
郭晓峰
景晓康
高瑞波
鲍君海
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Beijing Rinfon Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antenna communication, in particular to a phase comparison method angle measurement method after smoothing, which comprises the following steps: s1, calculating the phase difference corresponding to the time delay difference between the signal reaching each antenna and the origin; s2 determining a received signal si (n) between the multiple antennas; s3 calculating azimuth phase difference
Figure DDA0003019622560000011
Horizontal direction angle A and pitching phase difference
Figure DDA0003019622560000012
The pitch direction angle Ε; s4 passing through the sum of the components of azimuth angle a and elevation angle E
Figure DDA0003019622560000015
The existing relation, the obtained E/A value is deduced
Figure DDA0003019622560000013
Of the value of (1), whereinThe incident direction and the Z axis form an included angle of
Figure DDA0003019622560000016
The included angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X axis is theta; s5 through
Figure DDA0003019622560000017
Determining the position information of the space where the signal is located, and utilizing the self-adaptive beam forming principle to aim at the target user
Figure DDA0003019622560000014
The method can determine the position information of the space where the signal is located, aims at a target user through a self-adaptive beam forming principle, can adjust the angle of a local transmitting antenna to aim at a target signal through A and E, and solves the problem of inaccurate angle measurement of multiple antennas.

Description

Phase comparison method angle measurement method after smoothing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna communication, in particular to a phase comparison method angle measurement method after smoothing.
Background
A phase comparison antenna system compares the phases of the signals received by the two antennas to determine the coordinates of the object in a coordinate plane. In remote areas, both antennas illuminate the same spatial area, so that the signals reflected from the point targets are of substantially the same amplitude and different phase, in a two-dimensional plane for example
Let the incident angle of the incident signal be theta, the difference of the wave path of the signal reaching the two antennas is
ΔR＝d sinθ
Resulting in a phase difference of
Figure BDA0003019622540000011
Figure BDA0003019622540000012
Can be calculated by the received signals of two antennas, and the signals arriving at the two antennas are processed by orthogonal down-conversion and filtering to be baseband complex signals which are respectively expressed as s1And s2Then, then
Figure BDA0003019622540000013
arg () represents finding the phase. To obtain
Figure BDA0003019622540000014
Then, the incident angle theta can be reversely obtained
Figure BDA0003019622540000015
The method is inaccurate in angle measurement of multiple antennas, so that the invention provides a smoothed phase comparison angle measurement method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a smoothed phase comparison method angle measurement method, which solves the problem of inaccurate angle measurement of multiple antennas.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a smoothed phase comparison method angle measurement method, comprising the steps of:
s1, calculating the phase difference corresponding to the time delay difference between the signal reaching each antenna and the origin;
s2 determining a received signal si (n) between the multiple antennas;
s3 calculating azimuth phase difference
Figure BDA0003019622540000021
Horizontal direction angle A and pitching phase difference
Figure BDA0003019622540000022
The pitch direction angle Ε;
s4 passing through the sum of the components of azimuth angle a and elevation angle E
Figure BDA0003019622540000023
The existing relation, the obtained E/A value is deduced
Figure BDA0003019622540000024
Wherein the angle between the signal incidence direction and the Z axis is
Figure BDA0003019622540000025
The included angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X axis is theta;
s5 through
Figure BDA0003019622540000026
And determining the position information of the space where the signal is positioned, and aiming at a target user by utilizing the self-adaptive beam forming principle.
Further, in S1, the polar coordinates are (ρ, θ)i)，
Figure BDA0003019622540000027
Selecting an original point as a reference point, wherein the time delay difference between the signal arriving at each antenna and the original point is
Figure BDA0003019622540000028
In the formula: c is the speed of light;
a phase difference of
Figure BDA0003019622540000029
In the formula: f. of0For the frequency of the incident signal, λ0ρ is the radius of the center of the circle for the wavelength of the incident signal, and ρ is d/sqrt (2) when it is a 4-antenna circular array.
Further, in S3, the azimuth angle a component is located on the XOZ plane, signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T4 are simultaneous in the azimuth direction, signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T3 are also simultaneous, the difference in the azimuth direction is the difference in the path length of signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and the difference in the phase due to the difference in the path length is
Figure BDA00030196225400000210
The estimate of the azimuthal angle A is
Figure BDA0003019622540000031
Further, in the S3, the pitch direction angle e component is located at the YOZ plane, signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T2 are simultaneous, signals arriving at the antennas T3 and T4 are also simultaneous, the wave path difference in the pitch direction is the wave path difference of signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and the phase difference due to the wave path difference is
Figure BDA0003019622540000032
The estimated value of the pitch direction angle Ε is
Figure BDA0003019622540000033
Further, in S4, the azimuth angle a and the pitch angle e are adjusted with the antenna incident angle
Figure BDA0003019622540000034
The relationship between is derived as follows:
the path difference in the azimuth direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure BDA0003019622540000035
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure BDA0003019622540000036
The wave path difference can be calculated from the azimuthal angular alpha component
LΑ＝d sin A
Thus is provided with
Figure BDA0003019622540000037
Figure BDA0003019622540000038
Similarly, the path difference in the pitch direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure BDA0003019622540000039
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure BDA0003019622540000041
The wave path difference can be obtained by calculating the E component of the azimuth angle E
LΕ＝d sin E
Thus is provided with
Figure BDA0003019622540000042
Figure BDA0003019622540000043
At this time a and E are calculated,
Figure BDA0003019622540000044
the true angle of incidence can then be deduced as follows:
Figure BDA0003019622540000045
further, for the calculated
Figure BDA0003019622540000046
Smoothing to resist the influence of noise; computation of simultaneous incident signals adaptively adjusts the computation according to SNR(s)1,s2,s3,s4) Length of the sampling point.
Further, the received signals between the multiple antennas are
Figure BDA0003019622540000047
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is provided with
Figure BDA0003019622540000048
The method can determine the position information of the space where the signal is located, can aim at a target user through a self-adaptive beam forming principle, can adjust the angle of a local transmitting antenna to aim at a target signal through A and E, solves the problem of inaccurate angle measurement of multiple antennas, and has strong creativity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of phase relationships in multiple antenna goniometry;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a four-antenna model of incident angles;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the incident direction angles of four antennas
Figure BDA0003019622540000051
Figure BDA0003019622540000051
3D graphics of time;
FIG. 4 is a plot of azimuth angle A at different SNR from simulation measurements;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the pitch angle E at different SNR from simulation measurements;
FIG. 6 is a graph of fai angle information for different SNR measured in simulation;
FIG. 7 shows the angle information of theta at different SNR values obtained by simulation measurement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment discloses a smoothened phase comparison method angle measurement method, as shown in fig. 1, the incident direction is three-dimensional, the antennas are located on an XOY plane, four antennas (T1-T4) are distributed at equal intervals to form a square, the center of the square is located at an origin O, the side length of the square is d, and the coordinates of the antennas are expressed by polar coordinates as (ρ, θ)i) In this case, the square antenna array can be regarded as a circular array,
Figure BDA0003019622540000052
i is 1-4, and the included angle between the signal incidence direction and the Z axis is
Figure BDA0003019622540000053
The projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane forms an angle theta with the X axis. While also decomposing the spatial angle of incidence into an azimuth angle a (the angle of the component of the plane of the direction of incidence XOZ with the Z-axis) and a pitch angle e (the angle of the component of the plane of the direction of incidence YOZ with the Z-axis).
The multi-antenna, e.g., four-antenna four-channel model, the antenna system is composed of multiple antennas, each having a separate receive channel. The circular arrays of multiple antennas differ only in the polar coordinates (p, theta) of the antennasi) In the same manner as in the above, the difference,
Figure BDA0003019622540000061
selecting an original point as a reference point, wherein the time delay difference between the signal arriving at each antenna and the original point is
Figure BDA0003019622540000062
In the formula: and c is the speed of light.
A phase difference of
Figure BDA0003019622540000063
In the formula: f. of0For the frequency of the incident signal, λ0ρ is the radius of the center of the circle for the wavelength of the incident signal, and ρ is d/sqrt (2) when it is a 4-antenna circular array.
Let the 4 antenna receiving channels and the baseband complex signals after the quadrature down-conversion and filtering process be respectively expressed as s1、s2、s3And s4。
The graphical illustration of the wave path difference of the horizontal and the pitching of the four channels of the four antennas is shown in fig. 2:
the azimuth angle a component is located on the XOZ plane, and the upper diagram shows that the signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T4 are simultaneous, the signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T3 are also simultaneous, the azimuth path difference is the path difference between the signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and the phase difference due to the path difference is
Figure BDA0003019622540000064
The estimate of the azimuthal angle A is
Figure BDA0003019622540000065
Also, the pitch angle Ε component is located in the YOZ plane, signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T2 are simultaneous, signals arriving at the antennas T3 and T4 are simultaneous, the difference in the pitch direction is the difference in the path lengths of the signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and the difference in the phase due to the difference in the path lengths is
Figure BDA0003019622540000071
The estimated value of the pitch direction angle Ε is
Figure BDA0003019622540000072
Azimuth angle a and elevation angle e and antenna incident angle
Figure BDA0003019622540000073
The relationship between is derived as follows: the path difference in the azimuth direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure BDA0003019622540000074
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure BDA0003019622540000075
The wave path difference can be calculated from the azimuthal angular alpha component
LΑ＝d sin A
Thus is provided with
Figure BDA0003019622540000076
Figure BDA0003019622540000077
Similarly, the path difference in the pitch direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure BDA0003019622540000078
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure BDA0003019622540000079
The wave path difference can be obtained by calculating the E component of the azimuth angle E
LΕ＝d sin Ε
Thus is provided with
Figure BDA00030196225400000710
Figure BDA00030196225400000817
So that at this point a and E are calculated,
Figure BDA0003019622540000081
the true angle of incidence can then be deduced as follows:
Figure BDA0003019622540000082
Figure BDA0003019622540000083
the angle measurement process of the 4-antenna circular array or square array is as follows:
1) phase difference corresponding to time delay difference of signal arriving at each antenna and origin
Figure BDA0003019622540000084
2) The received signals among the multiple antennas are
Figure BDA0003019622540000085
3) Calculating the azimuth phase difference
Figure BDA0003019622540000086
The estimated value of the horizontal direction angle A is
Figure BDA0003019622540000087
Calculating a pitch phase difference
Figure BDA0003019622540000088
The estimated value of the pitch direction angle Ε is
Figure BDA0003019622540000089
For more accurate subsequent calculation, the calculated values are compared
Figure BDA00030196225400000810
Smoothing is performed to resist the influence of noise. Computation of simultaneous incident signals adaptively adjusts the computation according to SNR(s)1,s2,s3,s4) Length of the sampling point.
4) Deriving the sum of the components of azimuth angle A and elevation angle E
Figure BDA00030196225400000811
Existing relationship
Figure BDA00030196225400000812
And
Figure BDA00030196225400000813
so that finally the E/A value is deduced
Figure BDA00030196225400000814
The numerical value of (c). (the included angle between the incident direction of the signal and the Z axis is
Figure BDA00030196225400000815
The angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X-axis is θ):
Figure BDA00030196225400000816
Figure BDA0003019622540000091
and finally, obtaining the angle position information of the target signal. By passing
Figure BDA0003019622540000092
The position information of the space where the signal is located can be determined, and then the target user can be aimed through an adaptive beamforming principle, for example, beamforming in MIMO. The angle of the local transmitting antenna can be adjusted by A and E to aim at the target signal, for example, the A/E aiming signal of a parabolic antenna can be adjusted.
This example shows the calculation using 1000 symbols, at different Es/N0The simulation result of the lower angle measurement adopts PSK modulation, 4 antenna incident direction angles
Figure BDA0003019622540000093
The 3D graph of the time is shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 is a diagram of an azimuth angle A obtained by simulation measurement under different SNR;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the pitch angle E at different SNR from simulation measurements; FIG. 6 is a graph of fai angle information for different SNR measured in simulation; FIG. 7 shows the angle information of theta at different SNR values obtained by simulation measurement.
The invention is provided with
Figure BDA0003019622540000094
The method can determine the position information of the space where the signal is located, can aim at a target user through a self-adaptive beam forming principle, can adjust the angle of a local transmitting antenna to aim at a target signal through A and E, solves the problem of inaccurate angle measurement of multiple antennas, and has strong creativity.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A smoothed phase comparison method angle measurement method, characterized in that the angle measurement method comprises the steps of:
s1, calculating the phase difference corresponding to the time delay difference between the signal reaching each antenna and the origin;
s2 determining a received signal si (n) between the multiple antennas;
s3 calculating azimuth phase difference
Figure FDA0003019622530000011
Horizontal direction angle A and pitching phase difference
Figure FDA0003019622530000012
The pitch direction angle Ε;
s4 passing through the sum of the components of azimuth angle a and elevation angle E
Figure FDA0003019622530000013
The existing relation, the obtained E/A value is deduced
Figure FDA0003019622530000014
Wherein the angle between the signal incidence direction and the Z axis is
Figure FDA0003019622530000015
The included angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X axis is theta;
s5 through
Figure FDA0003019622530000016
And determining the position information of the space where the signal is positioned, and aiming at a target user by utilizing the self-adaptive beam forming principle.
2. The smoothed phase ratio method angle measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the polar coordinates are (ρ, θ)i)，
Figure FDA0003019622530000017
Selecting an original point as a reference point, wherein the time delay difference between the signal arriving at each antenna and the original point is
Figure FDA0003019622530000018
In the formula: c is the speed of light;
a phase difference of
Figure FDA0003019622530000019
In the formula: f. of0For the frequency of the incident signal, λ0ρ is the radius of the center of the circle for the wavelength of the incident signal, and ρ is d/sqrt (2) when it is a 4-antenna circular array.
3. The smoothed phase ratio method angle measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the azimuth angle a component is located on the XOZ plane, signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T4 are simultaneous for channels in the azimuth direction, signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T3 are also simultaneous, the difference in the azimuth direction is the difference in the path of signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and the phase difference due to the difference in the path is the difference in the path of signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1
Figure FDA0003019622530000021
The estimate of the azimuthal angle A is
Figure FDA0003019622530000022
4. The smoothed phase-ratio method angle measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in the S3, the pitch angle e component is located at the YOZ plane, signals arriving at the antennas T1 and T2 are simultaneous, signals arriving at the antennas T3 and T4 are simultaneous, the path difference in the pitch direction is the path difference of signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and the phase difference due to the path difference is the path difference
Figure FDA0003019622530000023
The estimated value of the pitch direction angle Ε is
Figure FDA0003019622530000024
5. The smoothed phase ratio method angle measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the azimuth and elevation direction angles Α and Ε are lower than the antenna incident angles
Figure FDA0003019622530000025
The relationship between is derived as follows:
the path difference in the azimuth direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T2 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure FDA0003019622530000026
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure FDA0003019622530000027
The wave path difference can be calculated from the azimuthal angular alpha component
LΑ＝d sinΑ
Thus is provided with
Figure FDA0003019622530000028
Figure FDA0003019622530000031
Similarly, the path difference in the pitch direction is the path difference between signals arriving at the antennas T4 and T1, and is determined by the angle of incidence
Figure FDA0003019622530000032
Can be calculated to obtain
Figure FDA0003019622530000033
The wave path difference can be obtained by calculating the E component of the azimuth angle E
LΕ＝d sinΕ
Thus is provided with
Figure FDA0003019622530000034
Figure FDA0003019622530000035
At this time a and E are calculated,
Figure FDA0003019622530000036
the true angle of incidence can then be deduced as follows:
Figure FDA0003019622530000037
6. the smoothed phase ratio method of angular measurement according to claim 1, characterized in thatThen, for the calculated
Figure FDA0003019622530000038
Smoothing to resist the influence of noise; computation of simultaneous incident signals adaptively adjusts the computation according to SNR(s)1,s2,s3,s4) Length of the sampling point.
7. The smoothed phase ratio method of angular measurement according to claim 1, wherein the received signals between the multiple antennas are
Figure FDA0003019622530000039
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120098694A1 (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-04-26 Hansen Charles T Beam stabilization for wideband phase comparison monopulse angle estimation with electronically steered antennas
CN108490428A (en) * 2018-03-16 2018-09-04 西安电子科技大学 A kind of dimensionality reduction submatrix for anti-major lobe suppression is than phase Tracking Angle Measurement method
CN109669178A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 中国航天科工集团八五研究所 A kind of spaceborne three array element pulse bidimensional direction-finding method
CN110441729A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-12 熊军 A kind of angle-measuring method of large-scale antenna array
CN111458677A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-28 熊军 Double-channel single-pulse amplitude-comparison angle measurement method and device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120098694A1 (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-04-26 Hansen Charles T Beam stabilization for wideband phase comparison monopulse angle estimation with electronically steered antennas
CN108490428A (en) * 2018-03-16 2018-09-04 西安电子科技大学 A kind of dimensionality reduction submatrix for anti-major lobe suppression is than phase Tracking Angle Measurement method
CN109669178A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 中国航天科工集团八五研究所 A kind of spaceborne three array element pulse bidimensional direction-finding method
CN110441729A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-12 熊军 A kind of angle-measuring method of large-scale antenna array
CN111458677A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-28 熊军 Double-channel single-pulse amplitude-comparison angle measurement method and device

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Application publication date: 20210803