CN113203657A - Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array - Google Patents

Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array Download PDF

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CN113203657A
CN113203657A CN202110470242.7A CN202110470242A CN113203657A CN 113203657 A CN113203657 A CN 113203657A CN 202110470242 A CN202110470242 A CN 202110470242A CN 113203657 A CN113203657 A CN 113203657A
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magnet
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density
diamagnetic
magnet array
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赵朋
贾宇寒
颉俊
王庭瑜
章卫泽
傅建中
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention provides a large magnetic suspension detection method and a large magnetic suspension detection device based on a magnet array, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: constructing two groups of homopolar opposite magnet arrays; placing a diamagnetic sample in a container filled with paramagnetic media between the two groups of magnet arrays; after the diamagnetic sample is suspended stably, measuring the suspension height of the diamagnetic sample; and determining a density calculation formula through a calibration experiment, and calculating to obtain the density of the diamagnetic sample. According to the detection method, a large-size magnet is replaced by a magnet array to detect the diamagnetic sample, so that the density detection of the large-size sample is realized, and the detection precision is high; the size of the magnet array can be adjusted according to the size of a sample to be detected, paramagnetic media with different densities can be replaced, and the device is high in applicability and wide in density detectable range. The detection device comprises two groups of magnet arrays with the same poles opposite to each other and a transparent container which is arranged between the two groups of magnet arrays and is filled with paramagnetic media.

Description

Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection devices, and particularly relates to a large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on a magnet array.
Background
Density measurement is an important link in scientific research and practical production. Physical or chemical changes in a substance are often accompanied by changes in density, and thus density can often be used to assess whether a substance has changed. The magnetic suspension detection technology based on Archimedes principle is a method (Advanced Materials,2015,27, 1587-. The magnetic suspension detection technology is simple and convenient to operate, high in speed and high in accuracy, and can realize nondestructive detection of the density of the substance in a short time.
The standard magnetic suspension detection device is characterized in that two magnets are oppositely arranged in the same polarity, and a detected substance can be stably suspended in a paramagnetic medium between the two magnets to detect the substance. The patent publication CN106568680A discloses a magnetic levitation test method for detecting density, in which the magnet used in the magnetic levitation test device has a size of 50mm x 25mm, and the size of the material that can be detected is not more than 6 mm. The magnetic suspension detection is limited by the size of the magnet, and can only detect substances with small volume, while the preparation process of the large-size magnet is complicated, expensive and dangerous. Therefore, the size limit of the detected substance is always an obstacle to the development of the magnetic suspension detection technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic suspension detection method based on the density of a large-size diamagnetic sample of a magnet array, the density of the sample can be rapidly and accurately detected by using the method, and the limitation of the size of a single magnet on the size of the detected sample is solved.
A large magnetic suspension detection method based on a magnet array comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing two groups of homopolar opposite magnet arrays;
(2) placing a diamagnetic sample in a container filled with paramagnetic media between the two groups of magnet arrays;
(3) after the diamagnetic sample is suspended stably, measuring the suspension height of the diamagnetic sample;
(4) and determining a density calculation formula through a calibration experiment, and calculating to obtain the density of the diamagnetic sample.
According to the ampere-molecule current hypothesis, the magnetic field can be assumed to be generated by an equivalent current around the magnet surface. In magnet analysis, equivalent currents on adjacent surfaces of the magnets cancel each other out, and the remaining equivalent currents on the outer surface form a large current loop around the magnet array, which is the same as the equivalent current generated by an integrated square magnet of the same size. It can therefore be concluded that the magnetic field generated by the magnet analysis is equal to the magnetic field generated by the magnet array.
According to the technical scheme, the magnet array is formed by adopting small-sized magnets to replace large-sized magnets, and the size of the magnet array can be adjusted according to the size of a sample to be measured. On the basis of ensuring the accurate measurement of the density of the sample to be detected, the size of the sample to be detected is not limited any more, and the problems of difficult processing of a large-size magnet, high cost and poor safety are perfectly solved.
According to the technical scheme, the density of the sample can be quickly and accurately detected by utilizing the suspension height of the sample, the diamagnetic force and the buoyancy force of the sample are balanced with the self gravity in the experimental process, the suspension height of the low-density sample is high, and the suspension height of the high-density sample is low.
In the technical scheme, the magnetizing directions of the magnets forming each group of magnet arrays are the same. In the step (2), the container is a transparent container.
Preferably, the two sets of magnet arrays are aligned up and down with respect to the gravitational field about an axis between the two poles. That is, two sets of magnet arrays are arranged in parallel up and down, each magnet is arranged corresponding to each other up and down, two corresponding magnets are coaxially arranged up and down, and the gravitational field is symmetrically arranged (symmetrically arranged along the horizontal plane of the midpoint of the connecting line of the centers of the two magnets).
Preferably, each of the magnet arrays is constructed of a plurality of square magnets. And the phenomenon that the detection result is influenced by a gap between two adjacent magnets when the array is constructed is prevented. More preferably, the plurality of square magnets may be square magnets having the same specification.
Preferably, each of said magnet arrays is of single or multi-layer construction. Compared with a single-layer structure, the magnet array with the multi-layer structure has stronger magnetic field intensity, and the number of corresponding layers can be set as required in practical application. When each group of magnet array adopts multiple layers, the multiple layers of magnets are arranged in a mutually aligned mode and arranged in the same direction.
Specifically, each group of the magnet arrays is composed of n × a square magnets, wherein n is more than or equal to 2, a is the number of layers of each group of the magnet arrays, and a is more than or equal to 1.
Preferably, the magnet array is constructed from neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet has strong magnetism and wide source, and is convenient for magnetic suspension detection.
Preferably, the diamagnetic sample has an average density of 0.50-1.9 g/cm3
Preferably, the paramagnetic medium is MnCl2Or DyCl3An aqueous solution of (a). Wherein, MnCl2The aqueous solution is suitable for measuring a sample with lower density, and has the advantages of small pollution, wide source and low price; DyCl3The solution density and magnetic susceptibility of the aqueous solution are high, and the method is suitable for measuring high-density samples.
Preferably, in step (3), the levitation position of the diamagnetic sample is recorded by a camera, and the levitation height of the diamagnetic sample is measured.
Preferably, in step (4), the detection device is calibrated by using a standard density ball, a relation curve between the suspension height and the density of the diamagnetic sample is drawn, a specific calculation formula of the density is determined, and the density of the diamagnetic sample is calculated according to the suspension height measured in step (3).
Preferably, the density calculation formula is:
Figure BDA0003045087940000031
where ρ ism(g/cm3) Is the density of the paramagnetic medium; g (m/s)2) Is the acceleration of gravity; rhos(g/cm3) Is the density of the diamagnetic sample; chi shapes(without unit) is the magnetic susceptibility of the diamagnetic sample; chi shapem(unitless) is the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic medium; mu.s0=4π×10-7(N/A2) Is the permeability of free space; z (mm) is the vertical distance of the diamagnetic sample gravity center from the bottom magnet array surface (i.e., the suspended height of the diamagnetic sample); and f (z) is a polynomial related to z and is obtained by calibration experiment calibration.
In the above technical solution, the calculation process of formula (i) is as follows:
diamagnetic substances are subjected to diamagnetic forces in a gradient magnetic field. Placing the sample in a paramagnetic medium in a magnetic field, and applying three forces to the sample to generate buoyancy force FfGravity FgAnd diamagnetic force Fmag. When the sample is stably suspended, the three forces are in equilibrium.
Ff=-ρmVg (1)
Fg=ρsVg (2)
Figure BDA0003045087940000032
Ff+Fg+Fmag=0 (4)
By integrating equations (1) to (4), we can obtain:
Figure BDA0003045087940000041
Figure BDA0003045087940000042
in the magnet array device, the resultant force in the X, Y directions in the formula (6) is 0, that is, the resultant force is 0, depending on the symmetry and the suspension neutrality of the device
Figure BDA0003045087940000043
Figure BDA0003045087940000044
In the direction of the Z direction,
Figure BDA0003045087940000045
has a value of at least
Figure BDA0003045087940000046
Value of 103Doubling, therefore, in order to simplify the calculation and at the same time ensure a higher accuracy, neglecting
Figure BDA0003045087940000047
The impact on the end result. Equation (5) can thus be written as:
Figure BDA0003045087940000048
in the present invention, since the substance to be detected is a diamagnetic sample, the magnetic susceptibility χ of the substancesSmaller and negligible, i.e. χs=0。
In formula (i), the value of f (z) is obtained from calibration experiments, and the size of the magnet arrays and the distance between the two magnet arrays used in the calibration experiments influence the calibration results. In the following, calibration experiments were performed using two magnet arrays of 2 × 2 (i.e., a ═ n ═ 2) square magnets with a size of 40mm × 20mm, and the distance between the two magnet arrays was 40mm, and the following was calculated: (z) 0.00578-0.000289z, and f (z) is substituted into formula (i) to obtain:
Figure BDA0003045087940000049
the large magnetic suspension detection method based on the magnet arrays can select different magnet array sizes, different distances among the arrays and different concentrations of paramagnetic media according to different sizes of samples, has strong applicability and wide detectable density range, and can realize the rapid and precise detection of the density of the samples.
The invention also provides a large magnetic suspension detection device based on the magnet arrays, which comprises two groups of magnet arrays with the same poles opposite to each other and a transparent container which is arranged between the two groups of magnet arrays and is filled with paramagnetic media.
Preferably, the magnetic suspension detection device further comprises an outer frame for restraining the magnet array, an iron plate for bearing the magnet array, a container for fixing the magnet array, and a baffle for fixing the magnet array in the container.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, Q235 material is selected for use to iron plate, through the combination of iron plate and magnet array, the magnet array of being convenient for assembles, can improve the magnetic induction on magnet array surface simultaneously. The structure is suitable for mounting the small-size magnet array.
Preferably, the magnetic suspension detection device further comprises two iron plates for respectively fixing the upper and lower corresponding magnet arrays, and the magnets forming the magnet arrays are fixed on the corresponding iron plates through screws.
The magnetic suspension detection device with the structure is suitable for mounting magnet arrays with various sizes, and is particularly suitable for mounting and fixing large-size magnet arrays.
Preferably, the magnetic suspension detection device further comprises an interval adjusting device, wherein the interval adjusting device comprises a top plate arranged above the iron plate, and an adjusting screw rod in threaded connection with the top plate and fixedly connected with the iron plate above the adjusting screw rod;
the top plate is fixedly connected with the iron plate below through guide rods arranged at four corners of the top plate, and the iron plate above the top plate is connected with the four guide rods in a sliding mode respectively.
Preferably, the bottom of the lower iron plate is provided with universal wheels, so that the magnetic suspension detection device can move freely, and the use flexibility is improved.
When the two magnetic suspension detection devices are provided with the magnet arrays, the method of firstly magnetizing and then fixing is adopted.
Preferably, the magnetic suspension detection device further comprises a camera for recording the suspension attitude and height of the sample. The cameras can be independently arranged, and the proper installation position can be adjusted when the camera is used.
In the magnetic suspension detection device based on the magnet array, the magnets, the containers and the metal salts for paramagnetic media which form the magnet array can all adopt the existing commercial products.
The magnetic suspension detection device based on the magnet array is simple to operate, high in precision, short in measurement time, suitable for large-size samples, wide in applicability and capable of quickly realizing nondestructive detection of the density of diamagnetic samples.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the large magnetic suspension detection method based on the magnet array, the ampere molecular current hypothesis is utilized, and a large-size magnet is replaced by a magnet array to resist the magnetic sample for detection, so that the density detection of the large-size sample is realized, and the detection precision is high; the size of the magnet array can be adjusted according to the size of the sample to be detected, paramagnetic media with different densities can be replaced, the applicability is strong, the density detectable range is wide, and the density of the diamagnetic sample can be quickly and precisely detected.
The detection device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, convenient to assemble, simple to operate, high in detection accuracy and low in cost, and can be suitable for density detection of large-size diamagnetic samples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of example 2 of the present invention;
in FIG. 2, (a) is a schematic top surface current flow of the magnet array; (b) the schematic diagram of the lateral current flow of the magnet array;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a frame 1, a baffle 2, a receiver 3, a magnet 4, an iron plate 5, an adjusting screw 6, a top plate 7, a guide rod 8, a magnet array 9, a universal wheel 10, an upper iron plate 11 and a lower iron plate 12.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, for aggregates of unknown densityThe density of the compound is measured, and 2M (mol/L) manganese chloride aqueous solution is selected for the experiment, and the density is rhomIs 1.196g/cm3Magnetic susceptibility xmIs 3.63 × 10-4
Eight neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are spliced to form a group of magnet arrays, the size of each small magnet is 40mm x 20mm, two groups of magnet arrays are spliced together, and the distance between the two groups of magnet arrays is 40 mm.
1. Density detection for small sized substances
The same batch of PLA pellets was selected with a maximum size of about 5 mm. Cleaning the surface with alcohol, and placing in MnCl prepared to contain 2M (mol/L)2In a transparent container of the aqueous solution, after the suspension is stabilized, the height is suspended using a video camera and measured. The experiment was repeated 5 times with the same batch of other PLA pellet particles and the suspension heights z were 13.01mm, 13.15mm, 13.26mm, 12.96mm and 13.02mm, respectively.
Respectively substituting the above z values into a formula:
Figure BDA0003045087940000071
wherein, the magnetic susceptibility χ of the PLA pelletssSubstituting the value of 0 to calculate the average density value of the PLA granules to be 1.255g/cm3
The density of the PLA pellets was measured using a densitometer and found to be 1.253g/cm3And the difference between the results of the magnetic suspension detection device and the densimeter is 0.16%, which shows that the measurement result of the magnetic suspension detection method is accurate.
2. Density detection for large-sized substances
And selecting the same batch of carbon fiber composite material parts for density detection, wherein the detected carbon fiber composite material parts are three wafer parts with the same material, the diameters of 10mm, 15mm and 20mm respectively, and the thicknesses of the three wafer parts are 2 mm. Cleaning the surface with alcohol, drying, sequentially testing in the experimental device, wherein the solution is 5M (mol/L) manganese chloride water solution with density of 1.477g/cm3Magnetic susceptibility of 8.85X 10-4To be suspended stablyThereafter, the flying height was recorded using a video camera and measured, and the experiment was repeated 5 times.
The experimental result shows that the suspension heights of 5 repeated experiments of carbon fiber composite material parts with different shapes are basically consistent, and the average suspension height z is 18.74 mm.
Respectively substituting the above z values into a formula:
Figure BDA0003045087940000072
wherein, the magnetic susceptibility χ of the carbon fiber composite material partsSubstituting the value of 0 to calculate the average density value of the carbon fiber composite material part to be 1.503g/cm3Results of measurement with a densitometer (1.501 g/cm)3) Are matched.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a large magnetic suspension detection device based on magnet arrays comprises two sets of magnet arrays 4 arranged up and down with homopolar opposition, an outer frame 1 for restraining the magnet arrays 4, and a transparent container (not shown in the figure) containing paramagnetic media.
The two magnet arrays 4 are coaxially arranged, and the gravitational fields are aligned up and down. Each set of magnet arrays 4 is composed of eight square magnets and is detachably mounted to the outer frame 1 by the cooperation of the iron plate 5 and the receiver 3. The transparent container is placed between two sets of magnet arrays 4. And a camera is arranged at the corresponding position of the transparent container and is used for recording the suspension height of the detected substance. The camera is independently arranged, and the proper recording position can be adjusted during working.
When the magnetic field generating device is installed, the magnets are magnetized firstly, then the magnet array 4 is formed on the iron plate 5, then the magnet array 4 is limited on the iron plate 5 through the container 3, at the moment, the container 3 and the iron plate 5 form a mounting box of the magnet array 4, then the mounting box is installed on the outer frame 1, installation is completed, and the magnetizing directions of the magnets in the same magnet array 4 are the same.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic field can be assumed to be generated by an equivalent current around the magnet surface according to the ampere-molecule current hypothesis. In magnet analysis, the equivalent currents on the adjacent surfaces of the magnets (white arrows in the figure) cancel each other out, and the remaining equivalent currents on the outer surfaces (remaining arrows in the figure) form a large current loop around the magnet array, which is the same as the equivalent current generated by an integrated square magnet of the same size. It can therefore be concluded that the magnetic field generated by the magnet analysis is equal to the magnetic field generated by the magnet array.
Example 3
A large magnetic suspension detection device based on a magnet array comprises two groups of magnet arrays 9 which are arranged up and down and have opposite homopolarity, a transparent container (not shown in the figure) which is arranged between the two magnet arrays 9 and is provided with paramagnetic media, an upper iron plate 11 and a lower iron plate 12 which respectively fix the upper magnet array 9 and the lower magnet array 9, a top plate 7 which is arranged above the upper iron plate 11, and an adjusting screw 6 which is in threaded connection with the top plate 7 and is fixedly connected with the upper iron plate 11 at the lower end.
The top plate 7 is fixedly connected with the lower iron plate 12 through the guide rods 8 arranged at four corners of the top plate, and the upper iron plate 11 is respectively connected with the four guide rods 8 in a sliding manner. When the magnetic pole is installed, the magnetized magnets are fixed on corresponding iron plates (the upper iron plate 11 or the lower iron plate 12) by screws to form the magnet array 9, and a single-layer array structure of 3 x 1 is adopted in the embodiment.
The spacing between the two magnet arrays 9 can be adjusted by adjusting the screw 6 to provide an optimum detection spacing.
The bottom of the lower iron plate 12 is provided with universal wheels 10, so that the magnetic suspension detection device can move freely, and the use flexibility is improved.
The transparent container is also provided with a camera (not shown in the figure) at the corresponding position for recording the suspension height of the detected substance. The camera is independently arranged, and the proper recording position can be adjusted during working.
The above are only a few examples of the application of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the range of the sample to be measured and the size of the magnet array. The materials that can be measured using the present invention are not necessarily exhaustive, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A large magnetic suspension detection method based on a magnet array is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing two groups of homopolar opposite magnet arrays;
(2) placing a diamagnetic sample in a container filled with paramagnetic media between the two groups of magnet arrays;
(3) after the diamagnetic sample is suspended stably, measuring the suspension height of the diamagnetic sample;
(4) and determining a density calculation formula through a calibration experiment, and calculating to obtain the density of the diamagnetic sample.
2. The method for large-scale magnetic levitation detection based on magnet arrays as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two groups of magnet arrays are aligned up and down with the gravitational field at the axis between the two poles.
3. The method for large-scale magnetic levitation detection based on magnet arrays as claimed in claim 1, wherein each group of magnet arrays is constructed by a plurality of square magnets.
4. The method for large-scale magnetic levitation detection based on magnet arrays as claimed in claim 1, wherein each group of magnet arrays is of single-layer or multi-layer structure.
5. The large magnetic suspension detection method based on the magnet array is characterized in that the magnet array is constructed by neodymium iron boron permanent magnets.
6. The large-scale magnetic suspension detection method based on the magnet array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average density of the diamagnetic samples is 0.50-1.9 g/cm3
7. The large-scale magnetic suspension detection method based on the magnet array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paramagnetic medium is MnCl2Or DyCl3An aqueous solution of (a).
8. The method for large-scale magnetic levitation detection based on magnet array as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), a camera is used to record the levitation position of the diamagnetic sample and measure the levitation height thereof.
9. The method for detecting the large magnetic suspension based on the magnet array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003045087930000011
where ρ ism(g/cm3) Is the density of the paramagnetic medium; g (m/s)2) Is the acceleration of gravity; rhos(g/cm3) Is the density of the diamagnetic sample; chi shapes(without unit) is the magnetic susceptibility of the diamagnetic sample; chi shapem(unitless) is the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic medium; mu.s0=4π×10-7(N/A2) Is the permeability of free space; z (mm) is the vertical distance of the diamagnetic sample centroid from the bottom magnet array surface; and f (z) is a polynomial related to z and is obtained by calibration experiment calibration.
10. A large magnetic suspension detection device based on magnet arrays is characterized by comprising two groups of magnet arrays with opposite homopolarity and a transparent container which is arranged between the two groups of magnet arrays and is filled with paramagnetic media.
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