CN113203575B - Method for measuring automobile exhaust braking efficiency on straight road section - Google Patents
Method for measuring automobile exhaust braking efficiency on straight road section Download PDFInfo
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- CN113203575B CN113203575B CN202110371787.2A CN202110371787A CN113203575B CN 113203575 B CN113203575 B CN 113203575B CN 202110371787 A CN202110371787 A CN 202110371787A CN 113203575 B CN113203575 B CN 113203575B
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Abstract
A method for measuring the exhaust brake efficiency of car on straight road includes such steps as sliding the car under test on straight road under the condition that the exhaust brake is turned off or on to make the speed of car be controlled from initial value V1Down to V n And recording the coursenAnd finally, taking the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference between the relation curve drawn under the exhaust braking closing condition and the relation curve drawn under the exhaust braking condition as the exhaust braking efficiency of the vehicle to be tested. The design not only realizes the effective evaluation of the automobile exhaust braking performance through the measurement of the exhaust braking performance, but also has simple and easy test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile production, and particularly relates to a method for measuring automobile exhaust braking efficiency on a straight road section.
Background
Commercial vehicles running in mountainous and mining areas often need to be continuously braked so as to ensure that the speed of the vehicles is stabilized within a safe range. Long-time braking can generate heat fading, so that the braking efficiency is influenced, even the braking fails, and danger is generated; emergency braking can cause increase of oil consumption and abrasion of tires, increase of labor intensity of drivers, aggravation of abrasion of a braking system and shortening of service life of vehicles, so that auxiliary braking is widely applied to commercial vehicles, and national standards also have corresponding requirements on auxiliary braking, for example, in sections 7.5 of GB 7258-2017: for passenger cars with a car length of more than 9m (for special school buses, the car length is more than 8m), trucks with a total mass of more than or equal to 12000kg, special operation vehicles and all dangerous goods transport vehicles, a retarder or other auxiliary braking devices should be arranged.
Common auxiliary brakes include a hydraulic retarder, an electric retarder, an exhaust brake, and the like. The exhaust brake utilizes exhaust resistance to increase power loss of intake and exhaust and compression strokes of an engine to decelerate the automobile, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high engine pressure, obvious brake effect, no need of other media and convenient operation; when the vehicle runs on ice, snow and slippery muddy water roads, the sideslip can be reduced; when the exhaust brake works, the supply of engine oil can be reduced to cut off the oil, and the fuel can be saved, so that the application range in the field of commercial vehicles is wider.
How does auxiliary braking performance measure? The performance requirements of the auxiliary braking device specified in GB7258 are such that the vehicle passes the type ii or type iia tests specified in GB 12676. Section 5.1.6, among others, has requirements on the performance of the retarder braking system: the average vehicle speed of 30km/h is on a slope of 6%, the energy is recorded when the vehicle runs on a downhill for 6km, if the braking performance of the engine during single braking is determined by the average deceleration, the measured average deceleration is not less than 0.5m/s2(ii) a In section 5.1.8, the creep braking performance tests and requirements are specified: if the braking performance of the engine during single braking is determined by the average deceleration, the measured average deceleration is not less than 0.6m/s2. The above standards do not give a corresponding test method for exhaust brake only vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art, and provides a method for measuring the exhaust brake performance of an automobile on a straight road.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring the exhaust braking efficiency of an automobile on a straight road section sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, a vehicle to be tested slides with gears on a straight road test section under the conditions of closing and opening exhaust brake respectively, so that the speed of the vehicle is changed from an initial value V1Down to VnAnd recording n instantaneous vehicle speeds in the process, and then recording any two adjacent instantaneous vehicle speed values V according to the recorded instantaneous vehicle speed valuesi、Vi+1The average deceleration of the time period is calculated and used as the median vehicle speed VimCorresponding instantaneous deceleration, and finally drawing a relation curve of each instantaneous deceleration and the corresponding vehicle speed, wherein Vim＝(Vi+Vi+1)/2，i＝1,2...n-1；
And step two, taking the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference of the relation curve drawn under the condition of closing the exhaust brake and the relation curve drawn under the condition of opening the exhaust brake as the exhaust brake efficiency of the vehicle to be tested.
In the second step, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference is calculated by the instantaneous deceleration differences under s vehicle speeds selected in the relation curve:
aj＝aj2-aj1
in the above formula, a is the average value of instantaneous deceleration difference, ajInstantaneous deceleration difference for jth vehicle speed, aj2For the instantaneous deceleration, a, corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship plotted under exhaust-gas-off braking conditionsj1The instantaneous deceleration corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship curve plotted under the exhaust braking condition.
And s is more than or equal to 3.
In the first step, the instantaneous vehicle speed is detected by V-BOX testing equipment with a GPS sensor and arranged on a vehicle to be tested.
In the first step, the gear sliding with the gear is the highest gear.
In the first step, the straight road testing section is a section with a road surface adhesion coefficient of 0.7-0.8 and a slope of not more than 1% in any longitudinal length of 50 m.
In the first step, n is more than or equal to 6.
In the first step, the vehicle to be tested is in a full-load state when sliding with a gear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a method for measuring automobile exhaust brake efficiency on a straight road section, which comprises the steps of firstly sliding a vehicle to be measured on the straight road section with gears under the conditions of closing and opening exhaust brake, recording n instantaneous vehicle speeds in the process, calculating the average deceleration of the time period according to any two recorded adjacent instantaneous vehicle speed values, taking the average deceleration of the time period as the instantaneous deceleration corresponding to the median vehicle speed, then drawing a relation curve of each instantaneous deceleration and the corresponding vehicle speed, and finally taking the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference of the relation curve drawn under the condition of closing the exhaust brake and the relation curve drawn under the condition of exhausting brake as the exhaust brake efficiency of the vehicle to be measured The test time is short, and the data processing is simple and convenient. Therefore, the invention not only realizes the effective evaluation of the automobile exhaust braking performance through the measurement of the exhaust braking performance, but also has simple and easy test process.
2. According to the method for measuring the exhaust braking efficiency of the automobile on the straight road section, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference is calculated from the instantaneous deceleration difference under a plurality of selected automobile speeds, and the reasonability of the finally calculated exhaust braking efficiency is guaranteed through the design. The invention thus ensures the rationality of the finally calculated exhaust brake performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of the V-BOX testing device in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a route diagram of a straight road segment according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the relationship plotted in example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, a V-BOX testing device 1 and a GPS sensor 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for measuring exhaust braking efficiency of an automobile on a straight road comprises the following steps in sequence:
firstly, a vehicle to be tested slides with gears on a straight road test section under the conditions of closing and opening exhaust brake respectively, so that the speed of the vehicle is changed from an initial value V1Down to VnAnd recording n instantaneous vehicle speeds in the process, and then recording any two adjacent instantaneous vehicle speed values V according to the recorded instantaneous vehicle speed valuesi、Vi+1The average deceleration of the time period is calculated and used as the median vehicle speed VimCorresponding instantaneous deceleration, and finally drawing a relation curve of each instantaneous deceleration and the corresponding vehicle speed, wherein Vim＝(Vi+Vi+1)/2，i＝1,2...n-1；
And step two, taking the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference of the relation curve drawn under the condition of closing the exhaust brake and the relation curve drawn under the condition of opening the exhaust brake as the exhaust brake efficiency of the vehicle to be tested.
In the second step, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference is calculated by the instantaneous deceleration differences of s vehicle speeds selected in the relation curve:
aj＝aj2-aj1
in the above formula, a is the average value of instantaneous deceleration difference, ajInstantaneous deceleration difference of jth vehicle speed, aj2For the instantaneous deceleration, a, corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship plotted under exhaust-gas-off braking conditionsj1The instantaneous deceleration corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship curve plotted under the exhaust braking condition.
And s is more than or equal to 3.
In the first step, the instantaneous speed is detected by a V-BOX testing device 1 with a GPS sensor 2 installed on a vehicle to be tested.
In the first step, the gear sliding with the gear is the highest gear.
In the first step, the straight road testing section is a section with a road surface adhesion coefficient of 0.7-0.8 and a slope of not more than 1% in any longitudinal length of 50 m.
In the first step, n is more than or equal to 6.
In the first step, the vehicle to be tested is in a full-load state when sliding with a gear.
The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
the invention provides a method for measuring the exhaust brake efficiency of an automobile on a straight road, which comprises the steps of measuring the instantaneous speed of the automobile in the process of sliding with a gear under the working and non-working states of the exhaust brake, calculating the average deceleration under the specified initial speed, adding deceleration trend lines under all the speeds, and calculating the deceleration difference under the working and non-working states of the exhaust brake under the same speed by using an interpolation method, wherein the deceleration difference is used as the exhaust brake efficiency of the automobile. When the exhaust braking effect value measured by the method is more than or equal to 0.1m/s2In time, it can be determined that the design of the exhaust braking performance of the vehicle is up to standard.
Example 1:
the method for measuring the exhaust braking efficiency of the automobile sequentially comprises the following steps of:
1. referring to fig. 1, a Racelogic V-BOX vehicle test system is adopted, a GPS sensor 2 of a V-BOX test device 1 is installed at the top of a cab of a commercial vehicle, and normal work of the GPS sensor is ensured;
2. referring to fig. 2, a vehicle to be tested is placed on a flat road test section in a full-load state, wherein the flat road test section is a section of which the road adhesion coefficient is 0.7-0.8 and the gradient is not more than 1% in any longitudinal 50m length;
3. firstly, a vehicle to be tested slides with a gear on a straight road test section under the condition of closing exhaust brake (see figure 2), so that the speed of the vehicle is reduced from an initial value of 100km/h to 50km/h, and the times of the vehicle speeds of 100km/h, 90km/h, 80km/h, 70km/h, 60km/h and 50km/h are recorded by using a V-BOX (voltage-BOX), and then the times are respectively calculatedThe average deceleration of the outgoing vehicle speed is reduced from 100km/h to 90km/h, from 90km/h to 80km/h, from 80km/h to 70km/h, from 70km/h to 60km/h and from 60km/h to 50km/h, and the average deceleration is respectively taken as the instant deceleration corresponding to the intermediate vehicle speeds of 95km/h, 85km/h, 75km/h, 65km/h and 55km/h, for example, the instant deceleration a corresponding to the vehicle speed of 95km/h95＝(100-90)/(t100-t90)，t100-t90Averaging twice in a round-trip test for a time interval when the vehicle speed is reduced to 90km/h from 100km/h so as to eliminate the influence of the wind speed and the road surface gradient;
4. drawing a relation curve of each instantaneous deceleration and the corresponding vehicle speed;
5. sequentially repeating the steps 3 and 4 under the condition that the exhaust brake is started for the vehicle to be tested, and drawing an obtained relation curve as shown in the figure 3;
6. four vehicle speed values of 60km/h, 70km/h, 80km/h and 90km/h (s is 4) are respectively selected, and the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference of a relation curve drawn under the condition of closing the exhaust brake and a relation curve drawn under the condition of opening the exhaust brake is calculated by adopting the following formula:
aj＝aj2-aj1
in the above formula, a is the average value of instantaneous deceleration difference, ajInstantaneous deceleration difference of jth vehicle speed, aj2For the instantaneous deceleration, a, corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship plotted under exhaust-gas-off braking conditionsj1The instantaneous deceleration corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in a relation curve drawn under the exhaust braking condition;
7. and taking the calculated instantaneous deceleration difference average value as the exhaust braking efficiency of the vehicle to be tested.
The exhaust braking efficiency calculated by the embodiment is more than 0.1m/s2The result shows that the design of the exhaust braking performance of the vehicle reaches the standard, and the result conforms to the actual condition.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring the exhaust braking efficiency of an automobile on a straight road is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
firstly, a vehicle to be tested slides with gears on a straight road test road section under the conditions of closing and opening exhaust brake respectively, so that the vehicle speed is changed from an initial value V1Down to VnAnd recording n instantaneous vehicle speeds in the process, and then recording any two adjacent instantaneous vehicle speed values V according to the recorded instantaneous vehicle speed valuesi、Vi+1The average deceleration of the time period is calculated and used as the median vehicle speed VimCorresponding instantaneous decelerations, and finally drawing a relation curve of each instantaneous deceleration and the corresponding vehicle speed, wherein Vim＝(Vi+Vi+1)/2，i＝1,2...n-1；
Step two, taking the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference of the relation curve drawn under the condition of closing the exhaust brake and the relation curve drawn under the condition of opening the exhaust brake as the exhaust brake efficiency of the vehicle to be tested, wherein the average value of the instantaneous deceleration difference is obtained by calculating the instantaneous deceleration difference of s vehicle speeds selected in the relation curve:
aj＝aj2-aj1
in the above formula, a is the average value of instantaneous deceleration difference, ajInstantaneous deceleration difference of jth vehicle speed, aj2For the instantaneous deceleration, a, corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the curve drawn under exhaust-braking-off conditionsj1The instantaneous deceleration corresponding to the jth vehicle speed in the relationship curve plotted under the exhaust braking condition.
2. The method for measuring the exhaust braking performance of the automobile on the straight road according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and s is more than or equal to 3.
3. The method for determining the exhaust braking effectiveness of an automobile on a straight road according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the first step, the instantaneous speed is detected by V-BOX testing equipment (1) with a GPS sensor (2) arranged on a vehicle to be tested.
4. The method for determining the exhaust braking effectiveness of an automobile on a straight road according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the first step, the gear with the gear for sliding is the highest gear.
5. The method for measuring exhaust brake performance of an automobile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the first step, the straight road testing section is a section with a road surface adhesion coefficient of 0.7-0.8 and a slope of not more than 1% in any longitudinal length of 50 m.
6. The method for measuring exhaust brake performance of an automobile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the first step, n is more than or equal to 6.
7. The method for determining the exhaust braking effectiveness of an automobile on a straight road according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the first step, the vehicle to be tested is in a full-load state when sliding with a gear.
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| JP2005345321A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | Meidensha Corp | Air-conditioning system for brake testing apparatus |
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| CN103134683B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-10-28 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | The system and method for vehicle motor exhaust brake test is carried out in indoor |
| CN103625459B (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2018-03-16 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | The dynamic monitoring of running brake efficiency and warning system |
| CN107036822B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-12-03 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | It is vented auxiliary braking performance test methods and test macro |
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| JP2005345321A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | Meidensha Corp | Air-conditioning system for brake testing apparatus |
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