CN113200957B - Acid/alkali dye co-sensitization system and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Acid/alkali dye co-sensitization system and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113200957B
CN113200957B CN202110382709.2A CN202110382709A CN113200957B CN 113200957 B CN113200957 B CN 113200957B CN 202110382709 A CN202110382709 A CN 202110382709A CN 113200957 B CN113200957 B CN 113200957B
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dye
acid
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CN113200957A (en
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陈卫星
刘永亮
朱生勃
张文治
牛小玲
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Xian Technological University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/24Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/10The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
    • C09B23/105The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups two >CH- groups
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2022Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2059Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542Dye sensitized solar cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to an acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the system is a co-sensitive system of an acid micromolecule dye and a basic micromolecule dye, and the structural formula of the co-sensitive system is as follows:
Figure DDA0003013637980000011
wherein n-1 is
Figure DDA0003013637980000012
n-2 is
Figure DDA0003013637980000013
The acid/alkali dye co-sensitization system can be applied to co-sensitized TiO2A photo-anode; the acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system has the advantage of non-competitive adsorption, and when the acid/alkali organic dye is co-sensitive, the ultraviolet absorption on the photo-anode can have a good complementary absorption effect.

Description

Acid/alkali dye co-sensitization system and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic sensitizers, and particularly relates to an acid/alkali dye co-sensitization system and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of high technology in recent years, the contradiction between the increasing energy demand and the increasingly depleted energy reserves on the earth has become more and more severe. Therefore, governments around the world are all focusing on the development and utilization of new energy. Solar energy is inexhaustible new energy, and the development and utilization of the solar energy become the most active field in the present generation. However, how to efficiently convert solar energy into electric energy becomes the core of this issue.
The dye-sensitized solar cell is prepared by using low-cost nano titanium dioxide and a sensitizer as main raw materials and converting solar energy into electric energy. Among them, the sensitizer is called as a photon motor of a solar cell, and is a key for capturing light energy, and the quality of the performance directly determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. And the absorption of a single dye sensitizer on the photo-anode often causes low photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the defects of intermolecular aggregation, narrow light absorption range, desorption phenomenon and the like, and brings great obstruction to the development of organic dye-sensitized solar cells. Therefore, a co-sensitive adsorbent which can be used for co-sensitizing with organic dye and has no competitive adsorption is searched for the photoanode of the dye-sensitized solar cell so as to achieve the purpose of ultraviolet absorption complementation to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system, a preparation method and application thereof, and solves the problem that the current dye sensitizer is low in photoelectric conversion efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system is a co-sensitive system of an acid micromolecule dye and a basic micromolecule dye, and the structural formula of the co-sensitive system is as follows:
Figure BDA0003013637960000011
wherein n-1 is
Figure BDA0003013637960000012
n-2 is
Figure BDA0003013637960000013
Further, the synthetic route of the basic small molecule dye is as follows:
Figure BDA0003013637960000021
further, the preparation process of the basic small molecule dye is as follows:
adding a compound a, a compound b, tetrabutylammonium bromide, a catalyst, namely bis (di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminophenylphosphine) palladium chloride and NaF into a mixed solution of N, N-dimethylformamide and distilled water according to a molar ratio of 1:1.2:2.5:0.02:3, reacting for 8 hours at 75 ℃, stopping the reaction, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, pouring the reaction solution into dichloromethane, washing the dichloromethane to neutrality, separating an organic phase, concentrating under reduced pressure, and purifying to prepare a compound c;
under vacuum conditions, compound c, compound d, in a molar ratio of 1: 2 adding the mixture into an acetic anhydride solution, reacting for 24 hours at 140 ℃, stopping the reaction, pouring the reaction solution into a saturated potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding dichloromethane, stirring, separating an organic phase, performing rotary evaporation, and purifying to obtain the basic micromolecule dye.
The acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system is applied to the preparation of a novel photo-anode of a solar cell; that is, it is a TiO co-sensitized with an acidic small molecule dye and a basic small molecule dye2And a photo-anode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system has the advantage of non-competitive adsorption.
2. When the acid/alkali organic dye is co-sensitive, the ultraviolet absorption on the photo-anode can have good complementary absorption effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the UV absorption spectrum of the basic small molecule dye I, the acidic small molecule dye NP-1 and the mixture of the basic small molecule dye I and the acidic small molecule dye NP-1 in the dichloromethane solution, which are prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the basic small molecule dye II, the acidic small molecule dye NP-1 and the mixture of the basic small molecule dye II and the acidic small molecule dye NP-1 in the dichloromethane solution prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An acid/alkali dye co-sensitive system is a co-sensitive system of an acid micromolecule dye and a basic micromolecule dye, and the structural formula of the co-sensitive system is as follows:
Figure BDA0003013637960000031
wherein n-1 is
Figure BDA0003013637960000032
n-2 is
Figure BDA0003013637960000033
The basic small molecule dye is preferably shown as formula I or formula II, and respectively:
Figure BDA0003013637960000034
example 1:
in this embodiment, the specific synthetic route of the synthetic basic small molecule dye i is as follows:
Figure BDA0003013637960000035
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 preparation of Compound c
1.50g of the compound a (5.19mmol), 1.19g of the compound b (6.23mmol) and 0.836g of tetrabutylammonium bromide (2.59mmol) are sequentially added into a 150mL three-neck flask with a thermometer, 20mL of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide is then added, a catalyst of 93.69mg of bis (di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminophenylphosphine) palladium chloride (0.104mmol) is added, after the reaction solution is stirred uniformly, 5mL of aqueous solution of NaF (0.15mmol) is slowly dropped, the reaction system reacts for 5.5 hours at 75 ℃, dichloromethane is then washed with water, an organic phase is separated and rotary evaporated to obtain a crude product, and the crude product is purified by column chromatography (a developing agent is a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether with the volume ratio of 1: 10, and a filler is 200-300 mesh silica gel) to obtain 0.8g of the compound c, and the yield is 53.5%.
S2 preparation of basic small molecular dye I
And sequentially adding 0.65g of the compound c (1.83mmol) and 0.596g of the compound d (6.4mmol) into a 25mL sealed tube filled with magnetons, adding 5mL of acetic anhydride, vacuumizing, heating and refluxing for 24 hours, pouring a reaction solution into 100mL of ice water, adding 100mL of saturated potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 50mL of dichloromethane, stirring for 30 minutes, analyzing an organic phase, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation, and purifying by column chromatography (a developing agent is a mixed solution of ethanol and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 1: 5, and a filler is 200-300-mesh silica gel) to obtain 0.13g of the basic micromolecular dye I, wherein the yield is 29.23%.
The nuclear magnetic data of the prepared basic micromolecular dye I are as follows:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.21–7.16(m,6H),7.05–7.03(m,5H),6.99–6.95(m,5H),6.68(d,J=16.0Hz,1H)。
example 2:
in this embodiment, taking the synthesis of basic small molecule dye ii as an example, the specific synthetic route is as follows:
Figure BDA0003013637960000041
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
in this example, a basic small molecule dye ii was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the compound b used in this example was replaced with an equimolar amount of the compound e.
And sequentially putting 0.3g of the compound b (0.686mmol) and 0.096g of 4-methylpyridine (1.03mmol) into a 25mL sealed tube filled with magnetons, adding 5mL of acetic anhydride, vacuumizing, heating and refluxing for 24 hours, pouring a reaction solution into 100mL of ice water, adding 100mL of saturated potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 50mL of dichloromethane, stirring for 30min, analyzing an organic phase, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation, and purifying by column chromatography (a developing agent is a mixed solution of ethanol and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 1: 5, and a filler is 200-300-mesh silica gel) to obtain 0.1g of the compound c, wherein the yield is 28.6%.
The nuclear magnetic data of the prepared basic micromolecular dye II are as follows:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.47(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.21–7.17(m,6H),7.06–7.03(m,6H),6.99–6.97(m,6H),6.67(d,J=16.0Hz,1H).
to prove the beneficial effects of the invention, the inventors dissolved the basic small molecular dyes I and II prepared in examples 1 and 2 in dichloromethane to prepare 1 × 10-5A co-sensitive adsorbent solution of mol/L. The solution was subjected to an ultraviolet absorption test using an ultraviolet visible near infrared tester (model number UV-2250, manufactured by Shimadzu corporation, Japan). The detection result shows that the maximum absorption wavelength is 410nm and 438nm respectively, and the molar absorption coefficient is 38600M-1cm-1And 39000M-1cm-1
Will be 1 × 10-5methylene chloride solution of mol/L basic small molecular dye I, II and 1X 10-5mixing mol/L of NP-1 dichloromethane solution according to a volume ratio of 4:6, and carrying out an ultraviolet absorption test on the solution by adopting an ultraviolet visible near-infrared tester. Test results show that the basic micromolecular dyes I and II and the acidic micromolecular dye NP-1 achieve good complementary absorption effect in ultraviolet absorption spectrum.
The acid small molecule dye comprises the following components:
Figure BDA0003013637960000051
the three-dimensional configurations and the molecular sizes of the basic micromolecule dyes I and II and the acidic micromolecule dye NP-1 are respectively obtained by adopting density functional theory calculation through Gaussian 03 software (RB3LYP/6-311G (d, p) level)
Figure BDA0003013637960000052
And
Figure BDA0003013637960000053
the acid/alkali co-sensitizer has a better molecular matching structure.
A comparison test was carried out with the basic small-molecule dyes I, II of example 1 and example 2. The prepared Solar Cell was tested using a J-V characteristic test System (QTest height 5Solar Cell IPCE test System) and the results are shown in Table 1, and the ultraviolet absorption results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Table 1 solar cell performance test results
Figure BDA0003013637960000054
As can be seen from table 1, the use of an acid/base in combination with a photoanode in a volume ratio of 4: the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell prepared after 6 sensitization is respectively improved by 95.5 percent and 70.9 percent.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. Any partial modification or replacement within the technical scope of the present disclosure by a person skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (4)

1. The acid and alkali dye co-sensitization system is characterized by comprising an acid small molecule dye and a basic small molecule dye, wherein the acid small molecule dye has the following structural formula:
Figure FDA0003394631250000011
the structural formula of the basic micromolecular dye is as follows:
Figure FDA0003394631250000012
wherein n is 1 or 2.
2. The acid and alkali dye co-sensitization system according to claim 1, wherein the basic small molecule dye is synthesized by the following route:
Figure FDA0003394631250000013
3. the acid and alkali dye co-sensitization system according to claim 2, wherein the basic small molecule dye is prepared by the following process:
adding a compound a, a compound b, tetrabutylammonium bromide, a catalyst, namely bis (di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminophenylphosphine) palladium chloride and NaF into a mixed solution of N, N-dimethylformamide and distilled water according to a molar ratio of 1:1.2:2.5:0.02:3, reacting for 8 hours at 75 ℃, stopping the reaction, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, pouring the reaction solution into dichloromethane, washing the dichloromethane to neutrality, separating an organic phase, concentrating under reduced pressure, and purifying to prepare a compound c;
under vacuum conditions, compound c, compound d, in a molar ratio of 1: 2 adding the mixture into an acetic anhydride solution, reacting for 24 hours at 140 ℃, stopping the reaction, pouring the reaction solution into a saturated potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding dichloromethane, stirring, separating an organic phase, performing rotary evaporation, and purifying to obtain the basic micromolecule dye.
4. Use of the acid and base dye co-sensitization system according to claim 1 for the preparation of a solar cell photo-anode.
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