CN113193214B - Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113193214B CN113193214B CN202110518182.1A CN202110518182A CN113193214B CN 113193214 B CN113193214 B CN 113193214B CN 202110518182 A CN202110518182 A CN 202110518182A CN 113193214 B CN113193214 B CN 113193214B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells and discloses a drainage control method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and an electric vehicle.A drain valve is drained in advance when the slope of a power response curve of the fuel cell is greater than a preset slope before the drainage control is carried out on the drain valve by current energy integral of the fuel cell, and then when the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is greater than a first preset voltage difference, the duty ratio and the drainage duration are determined according to the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell so as to carry out the drainage in advance, so that the problem that the monomer voltage difference is increased due to the fact that the drainage is not urgent is solved, and the problems that the fuel cell is flooded due to quick loading and the response of the current energy integral of the fuel cell to the drainage control of the drain valve is not timely are solved; the water discharge control of the water discharge valve is realized from the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, the current energy integral of the fuel cell and the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a drainage control method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and an electric automobile.
Background
The existing fuel cell has various drainage strategies, namely, the consumed reactant amount is judged through current integration, and then whether drainage is started or not is judged through comparison between the reactant amount and a set value; there is also a determination of the drain period and time by integration of the cooling medium temperature and the output current.
However, the above method can only drain water periodically and cannot adjust the operation state of the fuel cell system; and the set value is set to be larger, which may cause that the fuel cell is flooded due to the fact that water cannot be drained in time, and the set value is set to be smaller, which causes hydrogen waste and reduces the utilization rate of hydrogen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drainage control method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and an electric automobile, which can drain water in time, avoid flooding of the fuel cell caused by untimely drainage and reduce the utilization rate of hydrogen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell system water discharge control method comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, judging whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is larger than a preset slope, if so, controlling the drain valve to open for a first preset duration according to a first preset duty ratio and a first drain period, and then executing S2; if not, executing S2;
s2, obtaining the voltage difference of the single body of the fuel cell, judging whether the voltage difference of the single body of the fuel cell is larger than a first preset voltage difference, if not, executing S3; if yes, determining a duty ratio and a drainage time length according to the single voltage difference of the fuel cell, controlling the drainage valve to open the corresponding drainage time length according to the determined duty ratio, and then executing S3;
and S3, acquiring the current energy integral of the fuel cell, and controlling the drain valve to open for a preset drain time when the current energy integral of the fuel cell is larger than a preset current energy integral.
As a preferred technical solution of the above method for controlling drainage of a fuel cell system, if a voltage difference between the single cells of the fuel cell is greater than a second preset voltage difference, the drain valve is controlled to open for a second preset duration at a second preset duty cycle and a second drainage cycle, and the first preset voltage difference is smaller than the second preset voltage difference.
As a preferred technical solution of the above method for controlling drainage of a fuel cell system, if a voltage difference between the single cells of the fuel cell is greater than the first preset voltage difference and not greater than the second preset voltage difference, the drain valve is controlled to open for a third preset time period at a third preset duty cycle and a third drainage cycle.
As a preferable technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell system water discharge control method, the second preset duty ratio and the third preset duty ratio are 50%.
As a preferable technical solution of the above method for controlling water drainage of a fuel cell system, the second preset time period is different from the third preset time period, and the second water drainage period is different from the third water drainage period.
As a preferable technical solution of the above-mentioned water drainage control method for the fuel cell system, when the current energy integral of the fuel cell is not greater than the preset current energy integral, it is determined again whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is greater than the preset slope.
As a preferable technical solution of the above-mentioned water drainage control method for the fuel cell system, after the water drainage valve is controlled to open for the preset water drainage time period, it is determined again whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is greater than the preset slope.
As a preferable mode of the method for controlling water discharge of a fuel cell system, the first preset duty ratio is 50%.
The invention also provides a fuel cell system, and the drainage control method of the fuel cell system adopting any scheme is adopted.
The invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the fuel cell system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: before the current energy integral of the fuel cell is used for controlling the drainage of the drainage valve, the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is compared with a preset slope, the early drainage can be carried out when the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is larger than the preset slope, the monomer voltage difference is used for determining whether the drainage is needed, when the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is larger than the first preset voltage difference, the duty ratio and the drainage time length are determined according to the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell so as to carry out the early drainage, and then the drainage is controlled according to the current energy integral of the fuel cell, so that the problems of flooding of the fuel cell caused by quick loading and untimely response of the current energy integral of the fuel cell to the drainage control of the drainage valve are effectively solved; meanwhile, before the water discharge control is carried out by using the current energy integral of the fuel cell, the water discharge control is carried out on the water discharge valve by using the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, so that the problem of the increase of the monomer voltage difference is solved.
According to the water drainage control method of the fuel cell system, the water drainage control is carried out on the water drainage valve from three aspects of the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, the current energy integral of the fuel cell and the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, so that the water logging can be prevented, and the problems of water quantity increase caused by the fuel cell due to rapid loading and monomer voltage difference increase can be solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a water discharge control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the hydrogen pressure and the water discharge time period of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a water discharge control method for a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system that performs water discharge control using the above-described water discharge control method for a fuel cell system.
The water discharge control method of the fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, judging whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is larger than a preset slope, if so, controlling the drain valve to be opened for a first preset time length according to a first preset duty ratio and a first drain period, and then executing S2; if not, go to S2;
s2, acquiring the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, judging whether the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is larger than a first preset voltage difference, and if not, executing S3; if yes, determining a duty ratio and a drainage time length according to the single voltage difference of the fuel cell, controlling the drainage valve to open the corresponding drainage time length according to the determined duty ratio, and then executing S3;
and S3, acquiring the current energy integral of the fuel cell, and controlling the drain valve to open for a preset drain time when the current energy integral of the fuel cell is larger than a preset current energy integral.
And if the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is greater than a second preset voltage difference, controlling the drainage valve to be opened for a second preset duration according to a second preset duty ratio and a second drainage period, wherein the first preset voltage difference is less than the second preset voltage difference. And if the voltage difference of the single body of the fuel cell is greater than the first preset voltage difference and not greater than the second preset voltage difference, controlling the drain valve to open for a third preset time length according to a third preset duty ratio and a third drain period.
The monomer voltage difference is divided into areas, so that different drainage time lengths, drainage periods and duty ratios of the drainage valve are matched according to the area where the monomer voltage difference is located, and the problem of untimely drainage is effectively solved. And the functional relation among the monomer voltage difference, the preset drainage time and the preset drainage period can be determined through repeated tests, and the proper preset drainage time and the preset drainage period are matched according to the monomer voltage difference.
Further, when the cell voltage difference of the fuel cell is not greater than the first preset voltage difference, it is indicated that the cell voltage difference at the moment meets the requirement, drainage is temporarily not needed according to the requirement of the cell voltage difference, whether the current energy integral of the fuel cell is greater than the preset current energy integral is judged again on the premise, and drainage is controlled according to the current energy integral of the fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between hydrogen pressure and drain time, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the hydrogen pressure and the drain time are inversely proportional, and a preset drain time is selected according to the current hydrogen pressure and the relationship between hydrogen pressure and drain time shown in fig. 2. The current energy integral of the fuel cell is an equivalent alternative value of the maximum water storage capacity of the fuel cell, and the current energy integral of the fuel cell is obtained by fuel cell performance simulation, and how to obtain the current energy integral of the fuel cell is the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
In the prior art, the maximum water storage allowed by the fuel cell is obtained by simulating the fuel cell by knowing the performance of the fuel cell, namely the limit value of the water storage allowed by the fuel cell is not influenced, the maximum water storage is quantized by current energy integration, the current energy integration is always performed during the operation of the fuel cell, and when the current energy integration reaches the preset current energy integration, the drain valve starts to drain water. However, the problem of excessive loading rate may occur when the drainage is controlled by only relying on the current energy integral, namely, the current energy integral does not reach the preset current energy integral for opening the drainage valve, but the monomer voltage difference is increased.
Before the current energy integral of the fuel cell is used for controlling the drainage of the drainage valve, the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is compared with a preset slope, the drainage can be performed in advance when the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is larger than the preset slope, then the monomer voltage difference is used for determining whether the drainage is needed, and when the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is larger than a first preset voltage difference, the duty ratio and the drainage duration are determined according to the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell so as to perform the drainage in advance, so that the problems of flooding of the fuel cell caused by quick loading and untimely response of the current energy integral of the fuel cell to the drainage control of the drainage valve are effectively solved; meanwhile, before the water discharge control is carried out by using the current energy integral of the fuel cell, the water discharge control is carried out on the water discharge valve by using the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, so that the problem of the increase of the monomer voltage difference is solved.
The drain control method for the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment performs drain control on the drain valve from three aspects, such as the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, the current energy integral of the fuel cell, the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, and the like, so that not only can water flooding be prevented, but also the problems of water increase of the fuel cell caused by quick loading and the increase of the monomer voltage difference can be solved.
In this embodiment, the first preset duty cycle, the second preset duty cycle and the third duty cycle may be, but are not limited to, 50%.
The first drainage period, the second drainage period and the third drainage period are different, and the first preset time, the second preset time, the third preset time and the preset drainage time are different and can be determined through a large number of tests and simulation calibration; the specific values of the first preset voltage difference and the second preset voltage difference are determined by repeated tests and are determined by calibration tests, and the specific values of the first preset voltage difference and the second preset voltage difference depend on the performance of the fuel cell.
It should be noted that the same effect can be achieved by changing the order of determining the slopes of the individual voltage difference and the power response curves of the fuel cell.
The embodiment also provides an electric automobile which comprises the fuel cell system.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling water discharge of a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell, judging whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is larger than a preset slope, if so, controlling the drain valve to be opened for a first preset time length according to a first preset duty ratio and a first drain period, and then executing S2; if not, go to S2;
s2, acquiring the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell, judging whether the monomer voltage difference of the fuel cell is larger than a first preset voltage difference, and if not, executing S3; if yes, determining a duty ratio and a drainage time length according to the single voltage difference of the fuel cell, controlling the drainage valve to open the corresponding drainage time length according to the determined duty ratio, and then executing S3;
and S3, acquiring the current energy integral of the fuel cell, and controlling the drain valve to open for a preset drain time when the current energy integral of the fuel cell is larger than a preset current energy integral.
2. The water drainage control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein if the cell voltage difference of the fuel cell is greater than a second preset voltage difference, the water drainage valve is controlled to open for a second preset duration at a second preset duty ratio and a second water drainage period, and the first preset voltage difference is smaller than the second preset voltage difference.
3. The water discharge control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein if the cell voltage difference of the fuel cell is greater than the first preset voltage difference and not greater than the second preset voltage difference, the water discharge valve is controlled to open for a third preset time period at a third preset duty cycle and a third water discharge period.
4. The fuel cell system water discharge control method according to claim 3, wherein the second preset duty ratio and the third preset duty ratio are 50%.
5. The fuel cell system water discharge control method according to claim 3, wherein the second preset time period and the third preset time period are different, and the second water discharge period and the third water discharge period are different.
6. The fuel cell system water discharge control method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined again whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is greater than a preset slope when the integrated current energy of the fuel cell is not greater than a preset integrated current energy.
7. The fuel cell system water discharge control method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined again whether the slope of the power response curve of the fuel cell is greater than the preset slope after controlling the water discharge valve to open for the preset water discharge period.
8. The fuel cell system water discharge control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first preset duty ratio is 50%.
9. A fuel cell system characterized by employing the fuel cell system water discharge control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electric vehicle comprising the fuel cell system according to claim 9.
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| CN202110518182.1A CN113193214B (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system and electric vehicle |
| PCT/CN2021/133373 WO2022237125A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-11-26 | Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system, and electric vehicle |
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| CN202110518182.1A CN113193214B (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system and electric vehicle |
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| CN113193214B true CN113193214B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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| CN113193214B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-09-30 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system drainage control method, fuel cell system and electric vehicle |
| CN114006014B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-10-31 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Airflow control method, system and device for fuel cell |
| DE102022211442A1 (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for countering flooding of an anode of a fuel cell stack |
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| WO2022237125A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
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