CN113192372A - Inclined stratum physical model with crossing trend and boundary and physical simulation method - Google Patents
Inclined stratum physical model with crossing trend and boundary and physical simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a physical model and a physical simulation method of an inclined stratum with a trend intersecting with a boundary. The physical model is a sand box physical simulation model for simulating a geological structure and comprises a stratum simulation layer and a simulation inclined weak plane with the trend intersecting with a boundary. The physical simulation method of the slumping structure provided with the inclined weak surface with the trend intersecting with the boundary comprises the following steps: constructing a physical model of the inclined stratum with the trend intersecting with the boundary in a sand box; the sand box as a boundary part comprises a supporting bottom plate and a vertical wall arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door arranged opposite to an opening of the groove, and the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate enclose a space with an upper opening for arranging a stratum simulation layer and a simulated inclined weak plane; and based on the established physical model, removing a lifting door of the sand box, and realizing the physical simulation of the slumping structure due to stratum slumping. The model is suitable for researching the influence of the shape, the position and the size of the weak surface on the deformation characteristics inside the slumped structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical simulation, and particularly relates to a physical model of an inclined stratum with a trend intersecting with a boundary and a physical simulation method.
Background
The slumped structure is formed by slumping of an ancient slope, and is a geological structure which is extremely important in nature. Through the research on the forming mechanism of the slumped structure, the regional paleogeographic environment and paleostructural activities can be inferred. Studies of physical simulations (Griffiths and Lane, 1999; Liu and Koyi, 2013; Wei et al, 2009) and numerical simulations (Lourenco et al, 2006; Wang et al, 2010) indicate that the plane of weakness controls the position of the slope sliding surface of the slope and may cause a greater amount of displacement than a homogeneous slope. The previous researches on the influence of the weak surface on the slope stability are mainly focused on the fault mode of the slope, and the influence of the inclination angle, the position, the scale (thickness) and the like of the weak surface on the destructive motion and the internal deformation of the granular body slope is not researched.
Therefore, a physical simulation method of an inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary is needed, and a slip structure physical simulation provided with an inclined weak surface with the direction intersecting with the boundary is designed to study the influence of weak surfaces with different properties on the breaking motion and internal deformation of the granular slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inclined stratum physical model which can be suitable for researching the intersection of the trend of the influence of the attitude, the position and the size of a weak plane on the deformation characteristics in a slumped structure and a boundary.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an inclined formation physical model with a strike intersecting a boundary, the physical model being a physical simulation model of a sand box simulating a geological structure (the physical simulation model of the sand box does not include the sand box itself), wherein the model includes a formation simulation layer and a simulated inclined weak plane with a strike intersecting a boundary, the simulated inclined weak plane with a strike intersecting a boundary being provided in the formation simulation layer; the stratum simulation layer is used for realizing stratum simulation, and the simulated inclined weak plane is used for realizing simulation of an inclined weak plane stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary. In the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, the direction in the intersection of the direction and the boundary refers to the direction of an inclined weak plane or the direction of a stratum of the inclined weak plane, and the boundary refers to the boundary of a stratum simulation layer or the boundary of a stratum simulated by the stratum simulation layer.
In the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, the stratum simulation layer can better reflect the rock mechanical property of the actual stratum generally; the simulated inclined weak plane can better reflect the rock mechanical property of the actual inclined weak plane stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary.
In the physical model of the inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary, preferably, the model comprises a horizontal stratum simulation layer and a simulated inclined weak plane with the direction intersecting with the boundary, and the simulated inclined weak plane with the direction intersecting with the boundary is arranged in the stratum simulation layer; the horizontal stratum simulation layer is used for realizing horizontal stratum simulation, and the simulated inclined weak plane is used for realizing simulation of an inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary.
In the above-mentioned tilted stratigraphic physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, preferably, the trend intersects with the boundary as a trend obliquely intersects with the boundary.
In the inclined stratum physical model with the trend intersecting with the boundary, preferably, the stratum simulation layer is further provided with a color mark layer; more preferably, the stratum simulation layer is provided with a plurality of small layers, each small layer is provided with at least one color mark layer, and the color mark layers are used for marking each small layer in the stratum simulation layer.
In the above-described tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, preferably, the material of the formation simulation layer includes quartz sand or/and micro glass beads.
In the above-described tilted stratigraphic physical model in which the trend intersects the boundary, preferably, the material simulating the tilted weak plane includes quartz sand or/and micro glass beads.
In the above-mentioned tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects the boundary, it is preferable that the internal friction angle of the material simulating the tilted weak plane should be smaller than the internal friction angle of the material of the formation simulation layer.
In the above-mentioned tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, it is preferable that the thicknesses of the simulated tilted weak planes are uniform.
In the above-described tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects the boundary, preferably, the simulated tilted weak plane is formed by connecting a plurality of prisms from bottom to top, wherein adjacent prisms are sequentially shifted by a certain distance along the trend of the simulated tilted weak plane. Wherein, the simulated inclined weak plane is preferably formed by connecting a plurality of prisms with the same shape from bottom to top; adjacent prisms are preferably sequentially translated the same distance along the trend simulating a tilted plane of weakness; the prism is preferably a straight prism with the edges in the vertical direction (the vertical direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane). Two adjacent prisms cannot be completely staggered, and need to be kept connected.
In the above-mentioned tilted stratum physical model whose trend intersects with the boundary, preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the stratum simulation layer in the model to the thickness of the actual stratum simulated by the stratum simulation layer is denoted as a, the ratio of the thickness of the simulated tilted weak plane in the model to the thickness of the actual tilted weak plane simulated by the simulated tilted weak plane is denoted as B, and a and B are equal.
In the above-mentioned tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, it is preferable that the ratio of the thickness of the formation simulation layer in the model to the thickness of the actual formation simulated by the formation simulation layer is 1: 100000.
In the physical model of the inclined stratum with the direction intersecting the boundary, preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the simulated inclined weak plane in the model to the thickness of the actual inclined weak plane stratum simulated by the simulated inclined weak plane is 1: 100000; the attitude of the simulated inclined weaknesses in the model is the same as the attitude of the actual inclined weaknesses simulated by the simulated inclined weaknesses.
In the above-mentioned tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, the length and width of the model are usually scaled down to a suitable range based on the actual size of the actual formation to be simulated by the model.
In the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, the rock mechanical property of the actual stratum can be simulated by adjusting the thickness and the material property of the stratum simulation layer; the simulation of the rock mechanical properties of different actual strata is realized by selecting different stratum simulation layer thicknesses and different stratum simulation layer materials. The rock mechanical properties of the stratum of the actual inclined weak plane can be simulated by adjusting the properties such as the thickness, the trend, the inclination angle, the material and the like of the simulated inclined weak plane; the simulation of the rock mechanical properties of different actual inclined weak surface stratums is realized by selecting the thickness, the trend, the inclination angle, the material and the like of different simulated inclined weak surfaces.
In the inclined formation physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, preferably, the physical model further comprises a simulation substrate, and the simulation substrate is laid on the lower part of the formation simulation layer and used for simulating the substrate attribute of the actual formation; more preferably, the material of the dummy substrate comprises quartz sand or/and micro glass beads. The substrate attribute of the actual stratum can be simulated by adjusting the material attribute of the simulated substrate; by selecting different materials for simulating the substrate, the attribute simulation of the substrate of different actual stratums is realized.
In the physical model of the inclined stratum whose trend intersects with the boundary, preferably, the physical model further comprises a sand box, the sand box is used as the boundary part of the physical model, the sand box comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate enclose a space with an upper opening, and the stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak plane are arranged in the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall simulates the boundary properties of the actual formation. The boundary attribute of the actual stratum can be simulated by adjusting the material attribute of the vertical wall; by selecting different materials of the vertical wall, the boundary attribute simulation of different practical stratums is realized. The construction of the proper boundary part is helpful for reflecting the situation of the actual stratum more accurately, and is convenient for better utilizing the model to analyze the cause mechanism of the actual stratum collapse structure, especially the influence of the existing weak surface attribute and the occurrence on the stratum deformation characteristic.
In the above-mentioned tilted formation physical model in which the trend intersects with the boundary, the simulated tilted weak plane is usually referred to as a pre-existing fracture zone or the like, and the formation simulation layer is usually referred to as a granular slope.
The invention also provides a physical simulation method of a slumping structure provided with an inclined weak surface with a trend intersecting with a boundary, which comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a tilted stratigraphic physical model with the trend intersecting the boundary as described above:
firstly, constructing a theoretical experimental model of an inclined stratum with a trend intersecting with a boundary; the theoretical experimental model comprises the size of the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, the size of a stratum simulation layer in the physical model, the size and the occurrence of a simulated inclined weak plane in the physical model, the material of the stratum simulation layer in the physical model and the material of the simulated inclined weak plane;
establishing the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersected with the boundary in the sand box based on the theoretical experimental model;
2) based on the physical model established in the step 1), removing a vertical wall of the sand box, and realizing the physical simulation of the slumped structure due to stratum slumping.
In the above physical simulation method, preferably, the theoretical experimental model with the inclined stratum whose trend intersects with the boundary, which is constructed in step 1), is constructed based on geological condition data of the zone to be studied; the geological condition data comprises the parameters of the mechanical properties, the trend, the inclination angle and the thickness of rocks of the actual inclined weak stratum, and the parameters of the mechanical properties, the thickness, the boundary size and the base property of rocks of the actual stratum. Determining the size, the shape and the material of the simulated inclined weak surface based on the rock mechanical property, the trend, the inclination angle and the thickness parameters of the actual inclined weak stratum; and constructing the size of a physical model, the size of a stratum simulation layer and the material of the stratum simulation layer based on the rock mechanical property, the thickness, the boundary size and the substrate property parameters of the actual stratum. Based on the requirement of research purpose, the position, thickness and attitude of the simulated inclined weak plane can be selected by self, that is, the position, thickness, trend, inclination and dip angle of the simulated inclined weak plane in the model can be selected by self according to the research requirement.
In the above physical simulation method, preferably, the flask includes a vertical wall and a support bottom plate, the vertical wall is disposed on an upper portion of the support bottom plate, the vertical wall and the support bottom plate enclose a space with an upper opening, and the ground layer simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak plane are disposed in the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and 2) removing the lifting door from one vertical wall of the sand box. More preferably, the sand box further comprises fixing walls which are arranged on two sides of the lifting door and prevent the composition materials of the stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak plane from reversely escaping to the opening of the groove after the lifting door of the sand box is removed. Further preferably, the fixing walls are disposed at both sides of the lift gate perpendicularly to the opening direction of the groove.
In the above physical simulation method, preferably, the flask is further provided with a lifting device, a lifting door of the flask is connected with the lifting device, and the lifting device is used for lifting and lowering the lifting door. When an inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary is constructed, the lifting door is matched with the groove and the supporting bottom plate, so that the construction of the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary is realized; when the physical model of the structure is slumped, the lifting door is lifted by using the lifting device, and the stratum slumps to generate the physical model of the structure which is slumped.
The invention also provides application of the inclined stratum physical model with the trend intersecting with the boundary in physical simulation research of a slumping structure.
In the above application, preferably, the landslide structure physical simulation study includes at least one of a physical simulation study of an influence of the orientation of an inclined weak surface stratum on deformation of a landslide structure, a physical simulation study of an influence of the inclination angle of an inclined weak surface stratum on deformation of a landslide structure, a physical simulation study of an influence of the thickness of an inclined weak surface stratum on deformation of a landslide structure, and a physical simulation study of an influence of different rock mechanical properties of an inclined weak surface stratum on deformation of a landslide structure. Typically, the collapse configuration deformation includes at least one of a location and a sequence of occurrence of an extension fault, a number and a location of compression configurations, a magnitude of an angle of repose, and the like.
In the above application, preferably, the physical simulation research on the influence of the strike of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: and constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating intersection of the direction of the inclined weak plane and the boundary, forming the physical models of the slumping structure respectively, and analyzing the influence of the direction of the inclined weak plane stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure. In a specific embodiment, at least two inclined stratum physical models with different directions of the simulated inclined weak planes and intersected with boundaries are respectively constructed in a sand box, the sand box is used as a boundary part of the physical model and comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, a space with an upper opening is formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate, and a stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak planes are arranged in the space formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and (3) removing a lifting door of the sand box, generating a slumping structure physical model by stratum slumping, and analyzing the influence of different trends of the inclined weak surface on the slumping structure deformation of the formed slumping structure physical model.
In the above application, preferably, the physical simulation study of the influence of the inclination of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumped structure is realized by the following method: and constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating intersection of the trend of the inclined weak plane and the boundary, forming the physical models of the slumping structure respectively, and analyzing the influence of the inclination of the inclined weak plane stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure. In a specific embodiment, at least two inclined stratum physical models with different trends of simulated inclined weak planes and intersected with boundaries are respectively constructed in a sand box, the sand box is used as a boundary part of the physical model and comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, a space with an upper opening is formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate, and a stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak planes are arranged in the space formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and (3) removing a lifting door of the sand box, generating a slumping structure physical model by stratum slumping, and analyzing the influence of different tendencies of the inclined weak surfaces on the slumping structure deformation of the formed slumping structure physical model.
In the above application, preferably, the physical simulation study of the influence of the inclination angle of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: and constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating intersection of the different directions of the inclination angles of the inclined weak surfaces and the boundary, respectively forming the physical models of the slumping structure, and analyzing the influence of the inclination angles of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure. In a specific embodiment, at least two inclined stratum physical models with different dip angles of the simulated inclined weak planes and intersected trend with the boundary are respectively constructed in a sand box, the sand box is used as the boundary part of the physical model and comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged at the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, a space with an upper opening is formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate, and a stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak planes are arranged in the space formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and (3) removing a lifting door of the sand box, generating a slumping structure physical model by stratum slumping, and analyzing the influence of different inclination angles of the inclined weak surface on the slumping structure deformation of the formed slumping structure physical model.
In the above application, preferably, the physical simulation study of the influence of the thickness of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: and constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating intersection of the directions and the boundaries of the inclined weak planes with different thicknesses, respectively forming the physical models of the slumping structure, and analyzing the influence of the thickness of the inclined weak plane stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure. In a specific embodiment, at least two inclined stratum physical models with different thicknesses of simulated inclined weak planes and intersecting the direction and the boundary are respectively constructed in a sand box, the sand box is used as the boundary part of the physical model, the sand box comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, a space with an upper opening is formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate, and a stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak planes are arranged in the space formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and (3) removing a lifting door of the sand box, generating a slumping structure physical model by stratum slumping, and analyzing the influence of different thicknesses of the inclined weak surfaces on the slumping structure deformation of the formed slumping structure physical model.
In the application, preferably, the physical simulation research on the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the collapse structure is realized by the following steps: and constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating intersection of different directions of materials of the inclined weak plane and the boundary, respectively forming the physical models of the slumping structure, and analyzing the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak plane stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure. In a specific embodiment, at least two inclined stratum physical models with different rock mechanical properties and different simulated inclined weak planes are respectively constructed in a sand box, the sand box is used as a boundary part of the physical model and comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, a space with an opening at the upper part is enclosed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate, and a stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak planes are arranged in the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; and (3) removing a lifting door of the sand box, generating a slumping structure physical model by stratum slumping, and analyzing the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak surface on the slumping structure deformation of the formed slumping structure physical model.
In a specific embodiment, the forming condition of the slumped structure is reversely deduced based on the influence rule of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumped structure. For example, a granular body that slides down the plane of weakness with greater failure and less compressed configuration may have a steeper angle of inclination of the original plane of weakness, whereas a granular body that does not slide down the plane of weakness with less failure and more compressed configuration may have a shallower angle of inclination of the original plane of weakness.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the construction of the weak plane is introduced into the sand box model of the stratum structure for the first time, and the formation of the stratum collapse structure is simulated through the sand box model with the weak plane for the first time, so that the method is favorable for better analyzing the cause mechanism of the actual stratum collapse structure, particularly the influence of the existing weak plane attribute and the existing weak plane on the stratum deformation characteristic. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the physical model of the inclined stratum with the crossing direction and the boundary, provided by the invention, is provided with the weak surface, so that the simulation of the attribute and the occurrence characteristic of the actual inclined weak stratum can be better realized. The physical simulation method of the slumping structure provided with the inclined weak surface with the intersecting direction and the boundary provided by the invention constructs the slumping structure model by the inclined stratum physical model with the intersecting direction and the boundary provided by the invention, and can well reflect the slumping deformation characteristics of the actual stratum. Furthermore, the physical simulation research of the slumping structure is carried out by using the inclined stratum physical model with the crossing direction and the boundary, and the corresponding relation between the actual weak surface attribute and the deformation characteristic of the slumping structure and the attitude can be better analyzed through the corresponding relation between the simulation condition and the deformation of the stratum simulation layer.
(2) The technical scheme provided by the invention has better universality and is suitable for the research of stratum collapse structures in multiple regions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a physical model of an inclined stratum with an intersection between a trend and a boundary in examples 1 and 2.
Fig. 2 is a method for simulating the laying of an inclined weak plane in the physical model provided in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the simulation results of example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the simulation results of example 3.
Fig. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, and 5F are graphs showing simulation results of example 5.
Description of the main reference numerals:
a groove 1; a support base plate 2; a fixed wall 3; a lift gate 4; a metal wire 51; a weight 52; a horizontal formation-simulating layer 6; the inclined plane of weakness 7; simulation substrate8; ith extension fault Fi(ii) a Ith compression configuration Ti。
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a tilted stratigraphic physical model with a strike intersecting a boundary (see fig. 1):
the physical model is a theoretical research sand box physical simulation model for simulating a geological structure, wherein the model comprises a horizontal stratum simulation layer 6, a simulation inclined weak plane 7 with the trend intersecting with a boundary, a simulation substrate 8 and a boundary part; wherein, the simulation inclined weak plane 7 whose trend intersects with the boundary is arranged in the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6;
the boundary part comprises a vertical wall, two fixed walls 3 and a supporting bottom plate 2, the vertical wall comprises a groove 1 and a lifting door 4, and an opening of the groove 1 is opposite to the lifting door 4; the two fixed walls 3 are respectively perpendicular to the opening direction of the groove 1 and are arranged at two sides of the lifting door 4;
a space is formed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate 2 and is used for laying a horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 and a simulation inclined weak plane 7; a space defined by the vertical wall and the supporting base plate 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape (the supporting base plate 2 is a bottom surface of the rectangular parallelepiped, and the vertical wall is a side wall of the rectangular parallelepiped) having an upper opening, and has a size of 300mm × 250mm × 200mm (length × width × height); the size of the supporting bottom plate 2 is 700mm multiplied by 600 mm; the vertical wall opposite to the lifting door 4 is arranged on one short side of the supporting bottom plate 2 and is positioned in the middle of the short side;
a layer of simulation substrate 8 is laid on the supporting bottom plate 2, and the thickness of the simulation substrate 8 is 12 mm; the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 and the simulation inclined weak surface 7 are laid on the upper part of a simulation substrate 8 in a space enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate 2; the total thickness of the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 is 144mm, the horizontal stratum simulation layer is composed of 9 strata with the same properties and the thicknesses of all the 9 strata are 16mm, and each stratum comprises yellow sand with the thickness of 15mm and a color mark layer with the thickness of 1 mm; the thickness of the simulated inclined weak plane 7 is 10mm consistently, the inclination angle is 60 degrees, and the trend is parallel to the lifting door;
the simulation substrate 8 and the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 adopt quartz sand, and the simulation inclined weak surface 7 adopts micro glass beads; the simulation substrate 8 and the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 are made of the same quartz sand, wherein the mechanical property of the quartz sand selected by the color marking layer in the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 is the same as that of the quartz sand of the non-color marking layer part in the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6, and the quartz sand is different in color and used for recording the development process of the internal deformation of the slumping structure; the internal friction angle of the material of the simulated inclined plane of weakness 7 is less than the internal friction angle of the material of the horizontal formation simulation layer 6 and the simulation substrate 8; specifically, the density of the quartz sand used was 1530kg/m3The granularity is 80-120 mu m, and the internal friction angle is 33 degrees; the density of the micro glass beads is 1460kg/m3The granularity is 50-100 mu m, and the internal friction angle is 20 degrees;
forming a horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 and a simulation inclined weak surface 7 by adopting a filling method; the specific filling mode is that an integral stratum model formed by the horizontal stratum simulation layer 6 and the simulated inclined weak face 7 is averagely divided into 27 small layers from bottom to top and is filled from bottom to top, and the part of the simulated inclined weak face 7 in each small layer is called a simulated inclined weak face subdivision layer; each small layer is 5.33mm high, and a color mark layer is laid in each 3 small layers; in each small layer, a simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer is laid in parallel with the lifting door according to the trend, the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer laid in each small layer is approximately a cuboid (the height is 5.33mm, the bottom surface is rectangular, the length of the short side is 11.5mm, and the length of the long side is 250mm), and the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layers in two adjacent small layers are dislocated for 3mm in the direction far away from the lifting door along the trend of the simulated inclined weak surface; the subdivision of the simulated oblique weakening planes in each sub-layer is connected up and down to form said simulated oblique weakening planes 7 (see figure 2 for the subdivision layout).
Example 2
The embodiment provides a physical simulation method of a slumping structure provided with an inclined weak plane with a trend intersecting with a boundary, which comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a physical model of the inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary as described in embodiment 1, and connecting a lifting door 4 of the physical model with a lifting device; the lifting device comprises a metal wire 51 and a weight 52, wherein one end of the metal wire 51 is connected with the lifting door 4, and the other end of the metal wire 51 is connected with the weight 52;
2) based on the physical model established in the step 1), the lifting door 4 is lifted by using a lifting device, and the physical model of the slumping structure is generated by stratum slumping, so that the physical simulation of the slumping structure is realized.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an application of an inclined stratum physical model with a trend intersecting with a boundary in a physical simulation research of a slumping structure; the physical simulation research of the slumping structure is the physical simulation research of the influence of the inclination angle of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure; the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing two inclined stratum physical models which simulate the intersection of two trends with boundaries and have different inclination angles of the inclined weak plane; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first model is identical to the tilted stratigraphic physical model provided in example 1 for boundary intersection;
the second model differs from the boundary-intersected tilted stratigraphic physical model provided in example 1 only in that the simulated tilted weakening plane inclination is 45 °; the concrete filling method is similar to that of the embodiment 1, the integral stratum model formed by the stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak surface is divided into 27 small layers from bottom to top on average, the filling is carried out from bottom to top, and the part of the simulated inclined weak surface in each small layer is called as a simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer; each small layer is 5.33mm high, 3 small layers are paved, and a color mark layer is paved; in each small layer, a simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer is laid in parallel with the lifting door according to the trend, the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer laid in each small layer is approximately a cuboid (the height is 5.33mm, the bottom surface is rectangular, the length of the short side is 14.1mm, and the length of the long side is 250mm), and the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layers in two adjacent small layers are dislocated by 5.33mm in the direction far away from the lifting door along the inclination of the simulated inclined weak surface; the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layers in each small layer are connected up and down to form the simulated inclined weak surface;
(2) respectively removing lifting doors of sand boxes in the physical models based on the two inclined stratum physical models with the intersecting directions and the boundaries, which are constructed in the step (1), and forming a slumped structure physical model by stratum slumping (the slumped structure physical model formed by the first model is shown in a figure 3, and the slumped structure physical model formed by the second model is shown in a figure 4);
(3) and analyzing the deformation influence of different inclination angles of the inclined weak surfaces on the formed slumping structure of the slumping structure physical model.
The influence of different inclination angles of the inclined weak surfaces on the deformation of the formed slumping structure of the slumping structure physical model is analyzed by the aid of the graphs in fig. 3 and 4, and the following results are shown: as can be seen from the extension fault Fi ( i 1,2 … 12) and the compressed structure Ti ( i 1,2,3) in fig. 3 and 4, the inclination angle of the weak layer determines whether or not the slope collapses along the weak layer, the granular body slope is more likely to collapse along a layer of a steep weak surface (about 60 °), and the degree of collapse increases along the main collapse surface (i.e., the weak surface) as the inclination angle of the weak surface increases. The angle of the weak face also affects the distribution of the compressed configuration within the slumped body. For example, when the weak plane inclination angle is 60 °, a compressed structure is not generated on the granular slope. On a granular slope with a horizontal inclination of 45 °, the configuration shrinks.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a physical model of an inclined stratum with a diagonal trend and a boundary, which comprises the following steps:
the physical model is a theoretical research sand box physical simulation model for simulating a geological structure, wherein the model comprises a horizontal stratum simulation layer, a simulation inclined weak plane with the trend intersecting with a boundary, a simulation substrate and a boundary part; wherein, the simulation inclined weak plane whose trend is crossed with the boundary is arranged in the horizontal stratum simulation layer;
the boundary part comprises a vertical wall, two fixed walls and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and the opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; the two fixed walls are respectively perpendicular to the opening direction of the groove and arranged at two sides of the lifting door;
a space is enclosed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate and is used for laying a horizontal stratum simulation layer and simulating an inclined weak surface; the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate is in a cuboid shape with an opening at the upper part (the support bottom plate is used as the bottom surface of the cuboid, and the vertical wall is used as the side wall of the cuboid), and the size is 300mm multiplied by 250mm multiplied by 200mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the size of the supporting bottom plate is 700mm multiplied by 600 mm; the vertical wall opposite to the lifting door is arranged on one short edge of the supporting bottom plate and is positioned in the middle of the short edge;
a layer of simulation substrate is laid on the supporting bottom plate, and the thickness of the simulation substrate is 12 mm; the horizontal stratum simulation layer and the simulation inclined weak surface are laid on the upper part of the simulation substrate in a space enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate; the total thickness of the horizontal stratum simulation layer is 144mm, the horizontal stratum simulation layer is composed of 9 strata with the same properties and the thicknesses of all the 9 strata are 16mm, and each stratum comprises yellow sand with the thickness of 15mm and a color sign layer with the thickness of 1 mm; the thickness of the simulated inclined weak surface 7 is 10mm, the trend and the lifting door form an included angle of 15 degrees, and the inclination angle is 45 degrees;
quartz sand is adopted for the simulation substrate and the horizontal stratum simulation layer, and micro glass beads are adopted for the simulation inclined weak surface; the simulation substrate and the horizontal stratum simulation layer are made of the same quartz sand, wherein the mechanical property of the quartz sand selected by the color marking layer in the horizontal stratum simulation layer is the same as that of the quartz sand of the non-color marking layer part in the horizontal stratum simulation layer, only the colors are different, and the quartz sand is used for recording the development process of the internal deformation of the slumping structure; the internal friction angle of the material of the simulated inclined weak plane 7 is smaller than the internal friction angle of the materials of the horizontal formation simulation layer and the simulation substrate; specifically, the density of the quartz sand used was 1530kg/m3The granularity is 80-120 mu m, and the internal friction angle is 33 degrees; the density of the micro glass beads is 1460kg/m3The granularity is 50-100 mu m, and the internal friction angle is 20 degrees;
forming a horizontal stratum simulation layer and a simulated inclined weak plane by adopting a filling method; the specific filling mode is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) averagely dividing an integral stratum model consisting of a horizontal stratum simulation layer and simulated inclined weak surfaces into 27 small layers from bottom to top, filling from bottom to top, and calling the part of the simulated inclined weak surfaces in each small layer as a simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer; each small layer is 5.33mm high, and a color mark layer is laid in each 3 small layers; laying a simulation inclined weak surface subdivision layer in each small layer according to the direction of an included angle of 15 degrees between the small layer and the lifting door; one end of the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer of the bottommost layer is intersected with the lifting door in the middle of the lifting door, the other end of the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer of the bottommost layer is intersected with the left side (the left hand side facing the opening of the groove) of the groove at a position 33.49mm away from the lifting door, the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layer of the bottommost layer is approximately a straight prism (the edge length is 5.33mm, the two waists of the trapezoid of the bottom surface are 38.64mm and 10.35mm respectively, the waist length of the trapezoid of the bottom surface at the lifting door is 38.64mm, and the waist length of the trapezoid of the bottom surface at the left side of the groove is 10.35 mm); the subdivision layer of the simulated inclined weak plane obliquely crossed with the lifting door is approximately a straight prism with a trapezoidal bottom surface, the edge length is 5.33mm, and the subdivision layer of the simulated inclined weak plane in two adjacent small layers is dislocated for 5.33mm towards the direction far away from the lifting door along the inclination direction of the simulated inclined weak plane; along with the gradual dislocation of the subdivision layer of the simulated inclined weak plane towards the side far away from the lifting gate along the inclination direction of the simulated inclined weak plane, the subdivision layer of the simulated inclined weak plane is intersected with the left side of the groove and the right side of the groove and is not intersected with the lifting gate, and the subdivision layer of the simulated inclined weak plane intersected with the left side of the groove and the right side of the groove is approximately a straight prism with a bottom surface being a parallelogram (the edge length is 5.33mm, the bottom surface is a parallelogram, the length of a short side is 19.47mm, and the length of a long side is 258.8 mm); the simulated inclined weak surface subdivision layers in each small layer are connected up and down to form the simulated inclined weak surface;
example 5
The embodiment provides a physical simulation method of a slumping structure provided with an inclined weak plane with the trend oblique to the boundary, which comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a physical model of the inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary as described in embodiment 4, and connecting a lifting door of the physical model with a lifting device; the lifting device comprises a metal wire and a heavy object, wherein one end of the metal wire is connected with the lifting door, and the other end of the metal wire is connected with the heavy object;
2) based on the physical model established in the step 1), lifting the lifting door by using a lifting device, and realizing the physical simulation of the slumping structure by using the physical model of the slumping structure generated by stratum slumping.
The finally formed slumped structure is shown in FIGS. 5A-5E, when slumping occurs, the first stage slumped body of the side slope firstly slumps along the fault F1, and the slumped body is formed along the fault F2-F4 during the process of sliding down. The second stage slumped body then slumped along fault f1, which was accompanied by fault f2-f3 formation during the slumping process. The displacement of the main fracture surface (fault F1) along the strike direction is different, when the weak surface is shallow (figure 5B and figure 5C), the F1 fault distance formed by the second stage of slipping is far larger than F1, and when the weak surface reaches the middle part (figure 5D), the F1 and the F1 fault distance are not greatly different. As the depth of the weakening plane gradually increases (fig. 5D, 5E, 5F), the fault F1 gradually decreases in pitch. The fault trend is influenced by the oblique shearing force, the trend is oblique to the lifting door, and the fault slides obliquely towards the shallower direction of the weak surface (figure 5A).
Claims (10)
1. A physical model of an inclined stratum with the crossing direction and the boundary is a sand box physical simulation model for simulating a geological structure, wherein the physical model comprises a stratum simulation layer and a simulated inclined weak plane with the crossing direction and the boundary; the simulated inclined weak plane is arranged in the stratum simulation layer;
preferably, the physical model comprises a horizontal stratum simulation layer and a simulation inclined weak plane with the trend intersecting with the boundary; the simulated inclined weak plane is arranged in the stratum simulation layer.
2. The physical model of claim 1,
the stratum simulation layer is further provided with a color mark layer; preferably, the stratum simulation layer is provided with a plurality of small layers, each small layer is provided with at least one color mark layer, and the color mark layers are used for marking each small layer in the stratum simulation layer;
the physical model further comprises a simulation substrate, wherein the simulation substrate is laid at the lower part of the stratum simulation layer and used for simulating the substrate attribute of the actual stratum; preferably, the material of the dummy substrate comprises quartz sand or/and micro glass beads.
3. The physical model of claim 1,
the material of the stratum simulation layer comprises quartz sand or/and micro glass beads;
the material simulating the inclined weak surface comprises quartz sand or/and micro glass beads.
4. The physical model of claim 1 or 3, wherein the internal angle of friction of the material simulating the inclined plane of weakness should be less than the internal angle of friction of the material of the formation simulating layer.
5. The physical model of claim 1, wherein the simulated inclined weaknesses are formed by connecting a plurality of prisms from bottom to top, wherein adjacent prisms are sequentially shifted by a certain distance along the inclination of the simulated inclined weaknesses;
preferably, the simulated inclined weak plane is formed by connecting a plurality of prisms with the same shape from bottom to top;
preferably, adjacent prisms are sequentially translated the same distance along the tendency to simulate a tilted plane of weakness;
preferably, the prisms are straight prisms with the edges in the vertical direction.
6. The physical model of claim 1, wherein the intersection of the strike with the boundary is a skew of the strike with the boundary.
7. The physical model of claim 1,
the physical model further comprises a sand box which is used as a boundary part of the physical model, the sand box comprises a vertical wall and a supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged on the upper part of the supporting bottom plate, the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate enclose a space with an upper opening, and a stratum simulation layer and a simulation inclined weak plane are arranged in the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the supporting bottom plate; the vertical wall is used for simulating boundary properties of an actual stratum.
8. A method of physical simulation of a slumped structure provided with an inclined weak plane oriented to intersect a boundary, the method comprising:
1) constructing a tilted stratigraphic physical model of any of claims 1-6 whose orientation intersects a boundary:
firstly, constructing a theoretical experimental model of an inclined stratum with a trend intersecting with a boundary; the theoretical experimental model comprises the size of the inclined stratum physical model with the direction intersecting with the boundary, the size of a stratum simulation layer in the physical model, the size and the occurrence of a simulated inclined weak plane in the physical model, the material of the stratum simulation layer in the physical model and the material of the simulated inclined weak plane;
establishing a physical model of the inclined stratum with the direction intersected with the boundary in a sand box based on the theoretical experimental model;
2) based on the physical model established in the step 1), removing a vertical wall of the sand box, and realizing the physical simulation of the slumped structure due to stratum slumping;
preferably, the sand box comprises a vertical wall and a support bottom plate, the vertical wall is arranged at the upper part of the support bottom plate, a space with an upper opening is enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate, and the stratum simulation layer and the simulation inclined weak plane are arranged in the space enclosed by the vertical wall and the support bottom plate; the vertical wall comprises a groove and a lifting door, and an opening of the groove is opposite to the lifting door; step 2) removing a lifting door from one vertical wall of the sand box; more preferably, the sand box further comprises fixing walls which are arranged on two sides of the lifting door, so that the reverse escape of the composition materials of the stratum simulation layer and the simulated inclined weak plane to the opening of the groove after the lifting door of the sand box is removed is avoided; further preferably, the fixing walls are arranged at two sides of the lifting door in a direction perpendicular to the opening of the groove;
preferably, the theoretical experimental model with the inclined stratum with the direction intersecting with the boundary, which is constructed in the step 1), is constructed based on geological condition data of the zone to be researched; the geological condition data comprises the parameters of the mechanical properties, the trend, the inclination angle and the thickness of rocks of the actual inclined weak stratum, and the parameters of the mechanical properties, the thickness, the boundary size and the base property of rocks of the actual stratum.
9. Use of the tilted stratigraphic physical model of any of claims 1-7 oriented to intersect boundaries in physical simulation studies of slumping structures;
preferably, the physical simulation research of the slumping structure comprises at least one of physical simulation research of the influence of the trend of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure, physical simulation research of the influence of the inclination angle of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure, physical simulation research of the influence of the thickness of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure and physical simulation research of the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein,
the physical simulation research of the influence of the trend of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating different directions of inclined weak planes, wherein the directions of the inclined weak planes are intersected with the boundary, respectively forming a physical model of a slumped structure, and analyzing the influence of the directions of the inclined weak plane strata on the deformation of the slumped structure;
the physical simulation study of the influence of the inclination of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating inclined weak surfaces with different tendencies, wherein the trends of the inclined stratum physical models are intersected with the boundary, forming a slumping structure physical model respectively, and analyzing the influence of the inclined weak surface stratum tendency on the deformation of a slumping structure;
the physical simulation research of the influence of the inclination angle of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following steps: constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating different inclination angles of inclined weak planes, wherein the direction of the inclined stratum physical models is intersected with the boundary, the inclined stratum physical models are as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, respectively forming a slumping structure physical model, and analyzing the influence of the inclination angles of the inclined weak plane strata on the deformation of a slumping structure;
the physical simulation research of the influence of the thickness of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following steps: constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating inclined weak surfaces with different thicknesses, wherein the directions of the inclined stratum physical models are intersected with the boundary, the inclined stratum physical models are formed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and analyzing the influence of the thickness of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of a slumped structure;
the physical simulation research on the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak surface stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure is realized by the following method: constructing at least two inclined stratum physical models simulating different materials of inclined weak planes, wherein the direction of the inclined stratum physical models is intersected with the boundary, forming a physical model of a slumping structure respectively, and analyzing the influence of different rock mechanical properties of the inclined weak plane stratum on the deformation of the slumping structure.
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