CN113189824A - Broadband optical parametric amplification device based on double nonlinear optical processes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband optical parametric amplification device based on a double nonlinear optical process, which mainly comprises devices such as fundamental frequency light, signal light, a beam splitter, a beam combiner, a frequency doubling crystal, an optical parametric amplification crystal and the like. The fundamental frequency light generates pump light through the frequency doubling crystal, then the pump light is utilized to carry out parametric amplification on the signal light in the optical parametric amplification crystal, and simultaneously a beam of fundamental frequency light is incident, so that the fundamental frequency light and idle light generated in the parametric amplification process are subjected to sum frequency, and the idle light is consumed, thereby inhibiting the reverse conversion process of optical parametric amplification and realizing the optical parametric amplification with higher efficiency and larger bandwidth. Because the two nonlinear optical processes of optical parametric amplification and sum frequency belong to parametric processes, the heat accumulation effect is extremely low, and the two nonlinear optical processes can be simultaneously realized in a plurality of crystal materials and in a wide wavelength range, the invention not only can be suitable for the conditions of high peak power, high average power and the like, but also can be applied to optical parametric amplification of different crystals and different wave bands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a broadband optical parametric amplification device based on a double nonlinear optical process.
Background
Ultrashort and ultrastrong laser pulse can generate ultrahigh peak power and ultrastrong electric field strength in an extremely short time scale range, and has important application in a plurality of leading edge fields. Optical parametric amplification, as an alternative technology of conventional laser amplification, has many advantages such as high conversion efficiency, wide gain bandwidth, low thermal accumulation effect, high signal-to-noise ratio, and flexible frequency tuning, and has become an important means for obtaining ultrashort and ultrastrong laser pulses at present. However, due to material dispersion, the reverse conversion and energy reflux in the optical parametric amplification process are key factors that restrict the gain bandwidth, conversion efficiency, pulse compression width and peak power improvement of a laser system, and especially for obtaining laser pulses with a light period magnitude pulse width, a peak power up to a beat magnitude or even a higher magnitude based on an optical parametric amplification technical route, the method still faces a key technical problem of how to realize a wider gain bandwidth and higher energy conversion efficiency.
From the viewpoint of nonlinear optics and material properties, the physical root cause of the above technical difficulties is due to the inherent property of self-dispersion of the material. Because the wide bandwidth, high gain, high stability optical parametric amplification process mainly depends on the realization of strict phase matching conditions in a wide wavelength range when the interacting light waves are transmitted in the nonlinear crystal. However, due to material dispersion, precise phase matching cannot be simultaneously realized in a nonlinear crystal and in a broadband range, which causes problems of gain narrowing, energy backflow, pulse waveform distortion and the like due to the fact that reverse conversion is difficult to avoid in the optical parametric amplification process, and thus the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency of the whole optical parametric amplification system, and the compression width and the output peak power of final pulses are greatly limited.
In order to develop laser pulses to the limit of narrower pulse width and higher power, researchers at home and abroad continuously make efforts to provide solutions in the aspects of crystal material optimization design, quasi-phase matching conditions, broadband pump light amplification, signal light angular dispersion, idle light absorption management and the like. Although the schemes solve the problems existing in the traditional optical parametric amplification technology in partial wave bands and some materials or meet the phase matching condition to a certain extent, the schemes still have certain limitations in the aspects of material type selection, crystal application conditions, laser central wavelength application range and the like, and related technologies still need to be further developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband optical parametric amplification device based on a double-nonlinear optical process aiming at solving the problems of gain narrowing and energy backflow caused by reverse conversion in the current optical parametric amplification, overcoming the limitations of material type selection, crystal application conditions, applicable laser wavelength range and the like, and improving the comprehensive performance of an optical parametric amplification system.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, high-energy pump light is generated through frequency doubling, the pump light and a signal light are combined and then simultaneously incident into a nonlinear crystal, the included angle between the pump light and the signal light and the angle of the nonlinear crystal are adjusted, the traditional optical parametric amplification is realized, and in the process, one pump light photon is annihilated every time to generate one signal light photon and one idle light photon. Then, a beam of fundamental frequency light which is time-synchronous with the signal light is injected on the basis of the traditional optical parametric amplification, the incident angle of the fundamental frequency light is adjusted, the fundamental frequency light and idle light generated in the optical parametric amplification process are subjected to sum frequency, so that the idle light is consumed, the reverse conversion process of the optical parametric amplification is inhibited due to the lack of the idle light, the forward conversion is continuously carried out, and the wider gain bandwidth and the higher conversion efficiency are realized in the optical parametric amplification crystal.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a broadband optical parametric amplification device based on a dual nonlinear optical process is characterized by comprising: the device comprises fundamental frequency light, a frequency doubling crystal, a first beam splitter, a pump light reflector, signal light, a first beam combiner, a second beam combiner, an optical parametric amplification crystal and a second beam splitter.
The positional relationship among the optical components is as follows:
along fundamental frequency light (ω)1) The emergent direction is sequentially used for generating pump light (omega)p) The frequency doubling crystal, a first beam splitter and a pump light reflector which are plated with a separation film layer to separate the fundamental frequency light from the pump light;
edge signal light (ω)s) The emergent direction is sequentially provided with a first beam combiner for combining the fundamental frequency light and the signal light, a second beam combiner for combining the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the pump light, an optical parametric amplification crystal and a second beam splitter plated with a separation film layer to separate the signal light from the rest laser light.
Based on the optical component, the invention comprises the following key characteristics:
the fundamental frequency light is narrow band light, the signal light is wide band light, the fundamental frequency light firstly generates pump light through a frequency doubling crystal, and the wavelength lambda of the pump light ispLess than the central wavelength λ of the signal lights；
The fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the pump light are synchronously incident into the optical parametric amplification crystal in time and the signal light is normally incident. In the optical parametric amplification crystal, the pump light performs parametric amplification on the signal light by the corresponding phase matching angle thetaOPAPhase matching angle theta corresponding to sum frequency of fundamental light and generated idle lightSFGClose;
the direction of the pump light entering the optical parametric amplification crystal is controlled by the pump light reflector and the second beam combiner, so that group velocity matching is realized between the signal light and the generated idle light, and the optical parametric amplification crystal is adjusted to ensure that phase matching is satisfied between the pump light, the signal light and the idle light, so that broadband optical parametric amplification is realized;
the direction of the fundamental frequency light entering the optical parametric amplification crystal is adjusted through the cooperation of the first beam splitter and the first beam combiner, so that the fundamental frequency light and the idle light meet the sum frequency phase matching, and the efficient sum frequency is realized. Since the idle light is consumed by the sum frequency process, the optical parametric amplification reverse conversion process is suppressed and the forward conversion is continuously performed.
Optical parametric amplification and sum frequency nonlinear optical processes are simultaneously carried out in optical parametric amplification crystal, and relates toFundamental frequency light lambda1Pump light lambdapSignal light lambdasIdle light lambdaiAnd sum frequency light λ3The five wavelengths of laser light satisfy the following relations:
wherein, subscripts p, s, i, 1, 3 respectively represent pump light, signal light, idle light, fundamental frequency light, and frequency light; λ and k represent the wavelength and wavevector magnitude of the light wave, respectively; alpha, beta, alpha ', beta' each represent kpAnd k iss、kpAnd k isi、k3And k is1、k3And k isiThe included angle therebetween.
The device of the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention enters a beam of fundamental frequency light on the basis of the traditional optical parametric amplification, and leads idle light generated by the optical parametric amplification to be consumed by a sum frequency process by introducing the nonlinear optical process of sum frequency, thereby inhibiting the reverse conversion process of the optical parametric amplification and continuously carrying out forward conversion, thereby greatly improving the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency supported by the optical parametric amplification crystal, and providing a new scheme for realizing the high-efficiency broadband optical parametric amplification, obtaining narrower laser pulse width and higher output peak power.
2. Because the optical parametric amplification and sum frequency belong to parametric processes, and the heat accumulation effect is extremely low, the invention can be suitable for the conditions of high peak power, high average power and the like. In addition, because the two nonlinear optical processes of optical parametric amplification and sum frequency can be simultaneously realized in a wide wavelength range of various crystal materials such as BBO, LBO, CLBO, ADP, KDP or DKDP, the invention can be applied to optical parametric amplification of different nonlinear crystals and different wave bands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a broadband optical parametric amplification device based on a dual nonlinear optical process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of wave vector phase matching required by light waves involved in optical parametric amplification and sum frequency two nonlinear optical processes in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a phase matching angle variation graph corresponding to sum frequency of optical parametric amplification when the central wavelength of signal light is varied within the range of 700-1000nm using 1053nm laser as fundamental frequency light, 526.5nm laser as pump light, BBO crystal as optical parametric amplification crystal.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change of conversion efficiency with the crystal length when a 1053nm laser is used as a fundamental frequency light, and 526.5nm pump light is used to perform optical parametric amplification on chirped pulse signal light with a center wavelength of 800nm in a BBO crystal, (a) is a calculation result of a conventional scheme; (b) is the calculation result of the device of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a signal light spectrum diagram output after amplification when a BBO crystal and a 1053nm laser are used as fundamental frequency light, and 526.5nm pump light is used to perform optical parametric amplification on chirped pulse signal light with a center wavelength of 800nm, where (a) is a calculation result based on a conventional scheme; (b) is the calculation result of the device of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Please refer to the schematic diagram of the optical path of the broadband optical parametric amplification device based on the dual nonlinear optical process according to the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, it includes: the device comprises a fundamental frequency light 1, a frequency doubling crystal 2, a first beam splitter 3, a pump light reflector 4, a signal light 5, a first beam combiner 6, a second beam combiner 7, an optical parametric amplification crystal 8 and a second beam splitter 9.
The fundamental frequency light 1 is narrow-band laser, and a frequency doubling crystal 2 for generating pump light, a first beam splitter 3 plated with a separation film layer for separating the fundamental frequency light from the pump light and a pump light reflector 4 are sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of the narrow-band light; the signal light 5 is broadband laser, and the transmission direction of the broadband light is sequentially provided with a first beam combiner 6 for combining the fundamental frequency light and the signal light, a second beam combiner 7 for combining the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the pump light, an optical parametric amplification crystal 8 and a second beam splitter 9 coated with a separation film layer to separate the amplified signal light from the rest of the laser light.
The fundamental frequency light 1 is frequency-converted by the frequency doubling crystal 2 to generate pump light, and the wavelength of the pump light is less than the central wavelength of the signal light 5. Subsequently, the first beam splitter 3 separates the fundamental frequency light remaining after the frequency doubling from the pump light. The separated fundamental frequency light and the signal light are combined by a first beam combining mirror 6. Then, the pump light is combined with the fundamental frequency light and the signal light by the reflecting mirror 4 and the second beam combining mirror 7. The pump light, the signal light, and the fundamental frequency light are incident into the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 in time synchronization, and the signal light is made to be normally incident. The direction of the pump light entering the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 is adjusted by matching the reflector 4 and the second beam combiner 7, so that group velocity matching is realized between the signal light and the generated idle light, and the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 is adjusted to ensure that phase matching is satisfied among the pump light, the signal light and the idle light, so that broadband optical parametric amplification is realized.
The direction of the fundamental frequency light entering the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 can be controlled by the cooperation of the first beam splitter 3 and the first beam combiner 6, so that the phase matching among the fundamental frequency light, the idle light and the sum frequency light is realized, and the efficient sum frequency is realized. The light beam emitted from the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 passes through the second beam splitter 9, and the amplified signal light is separated from the fundamental frequency light, the pump light, the idle light, and the sum frequency light. The idle light is consumed by the sum frequency process, so that the inverse conversion process of optical parametric amplification is inhibited, the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency supported by the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 can be obviously improved, and the parameters such as signal light output bandwidth, energy, power, light beam quality and the like are obviously improved.
The key points of the invention are as follows: when the pumping light carries out optical parametric amplification on the signal light, a beam of idle light can be generated, and a beam of fundamental frequency light and the generated idle light are subjected to sum frequency while the optical parametric amplification is carried out, so that the idle light is consumed, the inverse conversion process of the optical parametric amplification is restrained, and the optical parametric amplification with wider gain bandwidth and higher conversion efficiency is realized. The laser related to the optical parametric amplification and sum frequency nonlinear optical processes in the invention satisfies the following phase matching relationship:
wherein, subscripts p, s, i, 1, 3 respectively represent pump light, signal light, idle light, fundamental frequency light, and frequency light; λ and k represent the wavelength and wavevector magnitude of the light wave, respectively; alpha, beta, alpha ', beta' each represent kpAnd k iss、kpAnd k isi、k3And k is1、k3And k isiThe angle therebetween as shown in fig. 2.
The phase matching angle theta of the pump light for parametric amplification of the signal light can be calculated according to the dispersion equation of the optical parametric amplification crystal 8 and the related laser wavelengthOPAPhase matching angle theta to sum frequency of fundamental light and idler lightSFGTheta can be adjusted by selecting appropriate fundamental frequency lightOPAAnd thetaSFGClose together in order to achieve both non-linear optical processes simultaneously. For different types of nonlinear materials and different laser bands, there is a corresponding optimum value for parameters such as the cutting angle of the optical parametric amplification crystal 8, which can be determined according to the method described above.
The present invention will be specifically explained below with a BBO crystal as an optical parametric amplification crystal and a 1053nm laser as a fundamental frequency light.
1053nm fundamental frequency light (omega)1) Pump light (omega) of 526.5nm is generated after passing through frequency doubling crystalp＝2ω1). Pump light to signal light (omega)s) When optical parametric amplification is performed in a BBO crystal by I-type phase matching, the process is that pump light with the polarization state of e light and signal light with the polarization state of o light are simultaneously incident into the BBO crystal, the pump light amplifies the signal light, and idle light (omega) with the polarization state of o light is generated simultaneouslyi) Namely: omegap→ωi+ωs. For the signal light with the wavelength in the range of 700-1000nm, the corresponding phase matching angle thetaOPAThe variation with wavelength is shown by the solid line in fig. 3.
Synchronously injecting 1053nm fundamental frequency light and signal light into a BBO crystal, and performing I-type phase matching and sum frequency on idle light generated by optical parametric amplification, wherein the process comprises the steps of generating fundamental frequency light with the polarization state of o light and idle light with the polarization state of o light and generating e light with the frequencySum frequency light (ω)3) Namely: omega1+ωi→ω3. When the signal light wavelength is changed in the range of 700-1000nm, the corresponding sum frequency phase matching angle thetaSFGAs shown by the dashed lines in fig. 3.
It can be seen that when the 1053nm laser is used as the fundamental frequency light and the 526.5nm pump light in the BBO crystal performs optical parametric amplification on the signal light with the wavelength in the range of 700-1000nm, the optical parametric amplification phase matching angle thetaOPAMatching the sum frequency phase by an angle thetaSFGVery close proximity, which is very advantageous for the simultaneous realization of these two nonlinear optical processes. Similar properties are exhibited for nonlinear crystals such as LBO, CLBO, ADP, KDP, or DKDP, which means that the present invention is applicable to a very wide wavelength range among various crystals.
Here we use BBO crystal with pulse width 10ps and peak power 3GW/cm at room temperature 20 deg.C2The narrow-band pump light (526.5nm) has the pulse width of 10ps, the energy of 10nJ and the peak power of 13.3kW/cm2Amplifying chirp pulse signal light (center wavelength 800nm) with spectrum width of 95nm (FWHM, Fourier transform limit of 10fs), pulse width of 10ps, and peak power of 1GW/cm2The effect of the present invention is specifically demonstrated by performing simulation calculation using the narrow-band fundamental frequency light (1053nm) as an example. For the crystal and laser parameters, the phase matching angle theta of optical parametric amplificationOPAAt 24 deg., the phase matching angle theta of the fundamental frequency light and the sum frequency of the idle lightSFGAt 21 deg., the simulation results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
As can be seen in fig. 4 (a): the conversion efficiency of the conventional optical parametric amplification scheme reaches a maximum of 36.2% at 10mm of the BBO crystal, after which the inverse conversion of the optical parametric amplification will dominate, and if crystals longer than 10mm are used, the output efficiency will drop. The spectral width of the output signal after optical parametric amplification at 10mm was 62nm, as shown in FIG. 5 (a). It can be seen that: when the overall conversion efficiency of optical parametric amplification reaches the maximum, the frequency spectrum component near the central wavelength of signal light of 800nm is subjected to reverse conversion, and compared with the initial frequency spectrum width (95nm) of incident signal light, the amplified pulse spectrum width is subjected to serious gain narrowing.
For the device of the present invention, it is conventionalA beam of fundamental frequency light (1 GW/cm) is incident on the basis of the scheme2For example), the sum frequency process is introduced to consume the idle light, so that the energy of the idle light is always suppressed to a lower level, and the optical parametric amplification reverse conversion is effectively suppressed, and it can be seen from fig. 4(b) that the energy of the idle light is always kept at a low level, and the conversion efficiency of the signal light is significantly improved to 49.6%. Comparing fig. 5(a) and (b), it is clear from the amplified signal light spectrum that: because idle light is consumed, the frequency spectrum components near the central wavelength of 800nm of the amplified signal light are not subjected to inverse conversion, the frequency spectrum balance and the gain bandwidth are greatly improved, the gain bandwidth reaches 81nm, and the compressed pulse with shorter time scale can be obtained.
Comparing the results of the conventional optical parametric amplification scheme with the apparatus of the present invention, it can be seen that: the invention can effectively inhibit the reverse conversion in the optical parametric amplification process, so that the forward conversion is continuously carried out, the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency are doubly improved, and the optical parametric amplification with higher efficiency, larger bandwidth and more balance is realized. Therefore, the device of the invention is expected to greatly improve the performance of the optical parametric amplification system and can be applied to various nonlinear optical crystals and very wide laser wave bands. In addition, because the optical parametric amplification and sum frequency belong to parametric processes, and the heat accumulation effect is extremely low, the invention can be suitable for the conditions of high peak power, high average power and the like, and has important application value in the aspect of laser parametric amplification.
Claims (4)
1. The broadband optical parametric amplification device based on the double nonlinear optical process is characterized by comprising fundamental frequency light (1) and signal light (5), wherein the fundamental frequency light (1) and the signal light are sequentially used for generating pump light (omega) along the emergent direction of the fundamental frequency light (1)p) The frequency doubling crystal (2), the first beam splitter (3) and the pump light reflector (4), wherein the first beam splitter (3) is plated with a base frequency light (omega)1) Reflected, pump light (omega)p) A transmissive separating film layer; the emitting direction of the signal light (5) is used for emitting the fundamental frequency light (omega)1) And signal light (omega)s) A first beam combiner (6) for combining the fundamental frequenciesLight (omega)1) Signal light (omega)s) And pump light (omega)p) A second beam combiner (7), an optical parametric amplification crystal (8) and a second beam splitter (9), wherein the second beam splitter (9) is plated with a layer for signal light (omega)s) A separating film layer for reflecting and transmitting the rest laser.
2. The broadband optical parametric amplification device based on the bi-nonlinear optical process as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the fundamental frequency light (omega)1) Is narrow-band light, signal light (omega)s) For broadband light, fundamental frequency light (omega)1) Generating pump light (omega) by means of said frequency doubling crystal (2)p) At wavelength λ ofpLess than signal light (omega)s) Center wavelength λs；
The fundamental frequency light (omega)1) Signal light (omega)s) And pump light (ω)p) Is synchronously incident into the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) in time, and in the optical parametric amplification crystal (8), pumping light (omega)p) For signal light (omega)s) Phase matching angle theta required for parametric amplificationOPAAnd fundamental frequency light (omega)1) And idle light (omega) generated during optical parametric amplificationi) Phase matching angle theta required for sum frequencySFGClose;
said signal light (ω)s) Normal incidence to the optical parametric amplification crystal (8), pump light (ω)p) The direction of the light entering the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) is controlled by the pumping light reflector (4) and the second beam combiner (7) to enable signal light (omega)s) And the generated idle light (omega)i) Realize group velocity matching and adjust the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) to make the pump light (omega)p) Signal light (omega)s) And an idle light (ω)i) Phase matching is satisfied, so that broadband optical parametric amplification is realized;
fourthly, the fundamental frequency light (omega) is adjusted through the first beam splitter (3) and the first beam combiner (6)1) Is incident into the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) in a direction such that fundamental frequency light (ω) is emitted1) And optical parametric amplification generationIdle light (omega)i) Sum frequency phase matching is satisfied, thereby realizing efficient sum frequency.
3. The broadband optical parametric amplification device based on the bi-nonlinear optical process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) simultaneously carries out two nonlinear optical processes of optical parametric amplification and sum frequency, and consumes idle light (omega) generated in the optical parametric amplification process through sum frequencyi) And the inverse process of optical parametric amplification is inhibited, so that the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency supported by the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) are improved.
4. The broadband optical parametric amplification device based on the bi-nonlinear optical process as recited in claim 1, wherein: the optical parametric amplification crystal (8) is a BBO, LBO, CLBO, ADP, KDP or DKDP nonlinear crystal.
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