CN113189487A - Processing method and device for thermal model of battery and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Processing method and device for thermal model of battery and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a processing method and device of a thermal model of a battery and electronic equipment, wherein the method comprises the steps of dividing a target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule; determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes; determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes; the modeling method of the battery reduced-order thermal model is provided, the reduced-order thermal model is applied to estimating the temperature of the battery, the battery does not need to occupy a large amount of computing resources, the robustness is achieved, the method can be applied to scenes such as a Battery Management System (BMS) and the like which need real-time computing, and the problem that the three-dimensional battery thermal model in the prior art cannot be applied to the real-time computing scene such as the BMS and the like with insufficient computing resources is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a method and a device for processing a thermal model of a battery and electronic equipment.
Background
Temperature is an important factor affecting battery performance and safety. For example, long term storage of a battery at high temperatures can lead to thermal runaway, while application of excessive regeneration current to a battery at temperatures below zero can lead to Li + plating. Therefore, the battery temperature must be closely monitored so that the battery always operates as intended within a specified temperature range. However, many temperature sensors in battery packs are often limited by economic considerations. Furthermore, sparsely placed point sensors may not have sufficient spatial resolution to map the temperature at each corner of the battery pack. To better understand the transient temperature distribution of the battery pack during operation, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal model of the battery may be very helpful. However, such models are typically developed using a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software package that requires significant computing resources. Thus, while 3D thermal models are a very useful tool, they are generally limited to applications in developing and analyzing thermal management systems, and are difficult to apply in scenarios such as Battery Management Systems (BMS) that require real-time computing but have limited computational resources.
Therefore, a processing method for a thermal model of a battery, which can be applied in a scenario such as a Battery Management System (BMS) requiring real-time computation, is needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for processing a thermal model of a battery, and an electronic device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides in a first aspect a method for processing a thermal model of a battery, the method comprising:
dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
In some embodiments, after establishing the reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery, the method further includes:
collecting the temperature of a target battery node;
and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
In some embodiments, the dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to the preset dividing rule includes:
dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to a first division rule;
and dividing the battery blocks into battery nodes according to a second division rule.
In some embodiments, the battery node includes at least one of a top, a bottom, a cooling plate, and a coolant of a battery block.
In some embodiments, the dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to the first division rule includes:
and dividing the preset parts of which the historical temperatures meet preset conditions into the same battery block according to the historical temperatures corresponding to the preset parts of the target battery.
In some embodiments, said establishing a corresponding reduced order thermal model of said target battery according to said thermodynamic differential equation comprises:
generating a differential algebraic equation set corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
determining a reduced order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the differential algebraic equation set;
or
Generating a state space expression corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
and determining a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the state space expression.
In some embodiments, the determining the thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery node according to the heat transfer form between the battery nodes includes:
and determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes and the capacitance of the battery nodes.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery thermal model processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the dividing module is used for dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset dividing rule;
the judging module is used for determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
the judging module is further used for determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and the generation module is used for establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a prediction module to collect a temperature of the target battery node; and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
and memory associated with the one or more processors for storing program instructions that, when read and executed by the one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a processing method of a thermal model of a battery, which comprises the steps of dividing a target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule; determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes; determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes; the modeling method of the battery reduced-order thermal model is provided, the reduced-order thermal model is applied to estimating the temperature of the battery, the battery does not need to occupy a large amount of computing resources, the robustness is achieved, the method can be applied to scenes such as a Battery Management System (BMS) and the like which need real-time computing, and the problem that the three-dimensional battery thermal model in the prior art cannot be applied to the real-time computing scene such as the BMS and the like with insufficient computing resources is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery partitioning structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery block structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of circuit modules provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the model predictive effect provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As described in the background art, in the prior art, a 3D thermal model is mostly used for battery temperature prediction, but the model needs to consume a large amount of computing resources, and cannot be applied to a scene that needs real-time computing but limited computing resources, such as a Battery Management System (BMS).
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a processing method of a thermal model of a battery, and the reduced-order model does not need to occupy a large amount of computing resources during computing, so that the method can be applied to a real-time computing scene with limited computing resources.
Example one
Specifically, the modeling process of the reduced order model by applying the processing method of the thermal model of the battery disclosed by the application comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, collecting the temperature of each preset position of a target battery, dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to the collected temperature, and dividing the battery blocks into battery nodes.
The target battery may be a battery assembly including a plurality of battery cells. The temperature of each battery core can be collected, and the battery cores with similar temperatures are divided into the same battery block. Taking fig. 1 as an example, the target battery may be divided into four battery blocks Block1, Block2, Block3, and Block 4.
After the battery blocks are obtained through division, the battery blocks can be divided into battery nodes. Specifically, the battery block may be divided into four battery nodes including a top of the battery block, a bottom of the battery block, a cooling plate of the battery block, and a coolant of the battery block.
After dividing the target cell into battery blocks, each battery block may represent a circuit branch, each circuit branch consisting of a plurality of nodes separated by electrical impedance. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a battery block, i.e., a circuit branch structureFigure, including the top Ti TBottom Ti BCooling plate TC,iAnd a coolant TF,i. From the circuit branches, the temperature of each node in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery can be estimated. As shown in fig. 3, after representing the circuit module as a circuit branch, each branch may be connected to each other to represent the entire battery pack as an Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM). Fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit model containing three circuit modules, each of which includes a top, a bottom, a cooling plate, a coolant, and an electrical impedance.
Determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
in particular, the heat transfer between the cells may include thermal conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation. Heat may be transferred between any two nodes in one or more heat transfer manners.
Determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to each battery node according to a heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes, a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to each battery node can be determined. For example, the thermodynamic differential equation may include
For describing the rate of change of temperature of node A with respect to time, where TA、TBRepresenting the temperatures of node A and node B, C, respectivelyP,ARepresents the heat capacity of node A, QAIs the internal heat generation rate of the volume element associated with node a. Wherein R isABRepresents the thermal resistance between node a and node B in K/W. For example, in the case of heat transfer by thermal conduction, RABCan be expressed as
Where k represents the thermal conductivity, a represents the area associated with the heat flux, and L is the effective distance between the two nodes; when heat transfer is done in a thermal convection manner, RAB may be expressed as
Where h represents the heat transfer coefficient and a represents the heat exchange area.
Step four, establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to each battery node;
specifically, after the thermodynamic differential equation of each battery node is generated, the thermodynamic differential equations can be assembled into a differential algebraic equation set and/or a state space expression, and a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery is generated according to the differential algebraic equation set and/or the state space expression.
After the reduced-order thermal model is obtained, the temperatures of all the battery nodes of the target battery can be predicted by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the temperature of any battery node of the target battery measured in real time.
Fig. 4 shows temperatures of three positions, namely, Sensor1, MAX, and MIN, of the target battery predicted according to the collected parameters by applying the reduced-order thermal model disclosed in the present application and the three-dimensional thermal model in the prior art, where a solid line is the temperature predicted by the reduced-order thermal model and a dotted line is the temperature predicted by the three-dimensional thermal model, and it can be seen that the reduced-order thermal model can realize a prediction effect similar to that of the three-dimensional thermal model. Specifically, the collected parameter may be an average temperature of the battery block or a temperature of a preset position of the battery block.
The reduced order model can be applied to the BMS because of the advantage of robustness. The model can be applied as a redundant safety measure for online estimation of the temperature of the battery block, or for optimal control of a thermal management system, or for indirect estimation of the state of health (SOH) of the battery based on the detected heat and for early detection of thermal runaway based on the difference between the measured temperature and the predicted temperature.
Various module settings of the reduced order model may be derived based on the arrangement of the battery cells of the target battery and the cooling arrangement, according to principles disclosed herein. The number of battery blocks of the target battery may be different and may be determined according to expected computational efficiency and accuracy. When the cooling plate nodes of a plurality of battery blocks may be considered to have substantially the same temperature, the battery blocks may share the cooling plate nodes.
The model may also be applied to a heating operation in which the battery cells are heated by a coolant.
The method can be applied to various battery cores, including cylindrical storage batteries, square storage batteries and soft package batteries. When the cell top and bottom of the target battery are combined into one node, the surface temperature of the cell may be considered uniform. When the capacitance cannot be ignored, the capacitance may be added to the battery model of the reduced order model to model the thermal capacity of the cell.
The control-oriented reduced-order thermal model and solver can be implemented in an embedded processor for real-time temperature distribution estimation in the BMS.
Example two
In correspondence with the above-described embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the present application provides a method for processing a thermal model of a battery, the method including:
510. dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
preferably, the dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to the preset dividing rule includes:
511. dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to a first division rule;
512. and dividing the battery blocks into battery nodes according to a second division rule.
Preferably, the dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to the first division rule includes:
513. and dividing the preset parts of which the historical temperatures meet preset conditions into the same battery block according to the historical temperatures corresponding to the preset parts of the target battery.
520. Determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
530. determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
preferably, the determining the thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery node according to the heat transfer form between the battery nodes comprises:
531. and determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes and the capacitance of the battery nodes.
540. And establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
Preferably, the establishing of the corresponding reduced-order thermal model of the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation includes:
541. generating a differential algebraic equation set corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
542. determining a reduced order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the differential algebraic equation set;
or
543. Generating a state space expression corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
544. and determining a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the state space expression.
Preferably, after the step-down thermal model corresponding to the target battery is established, the method further includes:
550. collecting the temperature of a target battery node;
551. and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
Preferably, the battery node includes at least one of a top, a bottom, a cooling plate, and a coolant of the battery block.
EXAMPLE III
In correspondence with all the embodiments described above, as shown in fig. 6, the present application provides a battery thermal model processing apparatus, the apparatus including:
the dividing module 610 is configured to divide the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset dividing rule;
a determining module 620, configured to determine a heat transfer form between the battery nodes according to a position relationship between the battery nodes;
the determining module 620 is further configured to determine a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery node according to a heat transfer form between the battery nodes;
a generating module 630, configured to establish a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
Preferably, the device further comprises a prediction module for collecting the temperature of the target battery node; and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
Preferably, the dividing module 610 is further configured to divide the target battery into battery blocks according to a first dividing rule; and dividing the battery blocks into battery nodes according to a second division rule.
Preferably, the battery node includes at least one of a top, a bottom, a cooling plate, and a coolant of the battery block.
Preferably, the dividing module 610 is further configured to divide the preset portions of the target battery, where the historical temperatures meet the preset conditions, into the same battery block according to the historical temperatures corresponding to the preset portions of the target battery.
Preferably, the generating module 630 is further configured to generate a differential algebraic equation set corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation; determining a reduced order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the differential algebraic equation system
Or generating a state space expression corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation; and determining a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the state space expression.
Preferably, the generating module 630 is further configured to determine a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery node according to the heat transfer form between the battery nodes and the capacitance of the battery node.
Example four
Corresponding to all the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
one or more processors; and memory associated with the one or more processors for storing program instructions that, when read and executed by the one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
Fig. 7 illustrates an architecture of an electronic device, which may include, in particular, a processor 1510, a video display adapter 1511, a disk drive 1512, an input/output interface 1513, a network interface 1514, and a memory 1520. The processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input/output interface 1513, network interface 1514, and memory 1520 may be communicatively coupled via a communication bus 1530.
The processor 1510 may be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more Integrated circuits, and is configured to execute related programs to implement the technical solution provided by the present Application.
The Memory 1520 may be implemented in the form of a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or the like. The memory 1520 may store an operating system 1521 for controlling operation of the electronic device 1500, a Basic Input Output System (BIOS)1522 for controlling low-level operation of the electronic device 1500. In addition, a web browser 1523, a data storage management 1524, an icon font processing system 1525, and the like may also be stored. The icon font processing system 1525 may be an application program that implements the operations of the foregoing steps in this embodiment of the application. In summary, when the technical solution provided by the present application is implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 1520 and called for execution by the processor 1510. The input/output interface 1513 is used for connecting an input/output module to realize information input and output. The i/o module may be configured as a component in a device (not shown) or may be external to the device to provide a corresponding function. The input devices may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various sensors, etc., and the output devices may include a display, a speaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.
The network interface 1514 is used to connect a communication module (not shown) to enable the device to communicatively interact with other devices. The communication module can realize communication in a wired mode (such as USB, network cable and the like) and also can realize communication in a wireless mode (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth and the like).
The bus 1530 includes a path to transfer information between the various components of the device, such as the processor 1510, the video display adapter 1511, the disk drive 1512, the input/output interface 1513, the network interface 1514, and the memory 1520.
In addition, the electronic device 1500 may also obtain information of specific pickup conditions from the virtual resource object pickup condition information database 1541 for performing condition judgment, and the like.
It should be noted that although the above devices only show the processor 1510, the video display adapter 1511, the disk drive 1512, the input/output interface 1513, the network interface 1514, the memory 1520, the bus 1530, etc., in a specific implementation, the devices may also include other components necessary for proper operation. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the apparatus described above may also include only the components necessary to implement the solution of the present application, and not necessarily all of the components shown in the figures.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a cloud server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of processing a thermal model of a battery, the method comprising:
dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
2. The method for processing the thermal model of the battery according to claim 1, wherein after establishing the reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery, the method further comprises:
collecting the temperature of a target battery node;
and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
3. The processing method of the thermal model of the battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing the target battery into the battery nodes according to the preset dividing rule comprises:
dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to a first division rule;
and dividing the battery blocks into battery nodes according to a second division rule.
4. The method of processing a thermal model of a battery of claim 3, wherein the battery nodes comprise at least one of a top, a bottom, a cooling plate, and a coolant of a battery block.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said dividing the target battery into battery blocks according to a first division rule comprises:
and dividing the preset parts of which the historical temperatures meet preset conditions into the same battery block according to the historical temperatures corresponding to the preset parts of the target battery.
6. The method for processing the thermal model of the battery according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the establishing the corresponding reduced-order thermal model of the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation comprises:
generating a differential algebraic equation set corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
determining a reduced order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the differential algebraic equation set;
or
Generating a state space expression corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation;
and determining a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the state space expression.
7. The method of processing a thermal model of a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein said determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to said battery node based on a form of heat transfer between said battery nodes comprises:
and determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes and the capacitance of the battery nodes.
8. A device for processing a thermal model of a battery, the device comprising:
the dividing module is used for dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset dividing rule;
the judging module is used for determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
the judging module is further used for determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and the generation module is used for establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
9. The processing device of the battery thermal model according to claim 8, characterized in that the device further comprises a prediction module for collecting the temperature of a target battery node; and predicting the temperature corresponding to each battery node by using the reduced-order thermal model according to the acquired temperature.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
one or more processors;
and memory associated with the one or more processors for storing program instructions that, when read and executed by the one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
dividing the target battery into battery nodes according to a preset division rule;
determining a heat transfer form among the battery nodes according to the position relation among the battery nodes;
determining a thermodynamic differential equation corresponding to the battery nodes according to the heat transfer form among the battery nodes;
and establishing a reduced-order thermal model corresponding to the target battery according to the thermodynamic differential equation.
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| CN105270186A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-27 | 福特全球技术公司 | Reduced order battery thermal dynamics modeling for controls |
| CN111595485A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | Lithium ion battery online temperature distribution observer design method based on reduced order model |
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| CN105270186A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-27 | 福特全球技术公司 | Reduced order battery thermal dynamics modeling for controls |
| CN111595485A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | Lithium ion battery online temperature distribution observer design method based on reduced order model |
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