CN113188810B - Method for determining frame fatigue bench test scheme of non-bearing type vehicle body - Google Patents
Method for determining frame fatigue bench test scheme of non-bearing type vehicle body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body, which comprises the following steps: applying a preset acting force to the frame, and performing simulation analysis and solving by using an inertial release method to obtain the stress condition of the frame; constraining the frame, applying a preset acting force to the frame, and carrying out simulation analysis and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame; comparing the obtained stress condition of the frame, judging whether a preset condition is met, and if so, determining that a corresponding simulation scheme meets a bench test; if not, adjusting the constraint mode of the frame and/or the loading mode of the preset acting force, analyzing and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame, and then comparing. The invention also provides a frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body. The invention can well present the structural stress of the frame in the automobile motion process, the test effect is consistent with the road simulation test, and the invention is simple and easy to test, and the test cost is lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a fatigue bench test of a non-bearing type vehicle body frame, in particular to a method for determining a fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body frame.
Background
The frame of the non-bearing type vehicle body is formed by welding or riveting two long longitudinal beams and a plurality of cross beams, and the stress condition of the frame assembly in the running process is very complex, so that the frame assembly not only bears the static load of dead weight and load capacity, but also bears the dynamic load in the vehicle motion, and therefore the durability test needs to be carried out on the frame assembly, and the stability of the frame assembly is ensured.
The bench test is a basic test method for the durability and the reliability of the vehicle frame, wherein the vehicle frame bending and torsion fatigue test is simple and easy to realize, the test cost is low, the test method is a preferred scheme for the vehicle frame fatigue test in the past decade, but the load effectiveness is lower compared with a road simulation test, the failure mode is far away from the road test, and the accurate simulation requirements of part of customers cannot be met.
The other bench test mode is a vehicle frame multi-axis road simulation fatigue test, the effectiveness and the accuracy of the test mode are superior to those of a conventional vehicle frame bending and twisting fatigue test scheme, but the test scheme firstly needs to be provided with professional multi-axis road simulation fatigue test equipment, road spectrum information needs to be acquired through a road test, road spectrum loads are loaded on a hub unit, the stress form of a vehicle frame is comprehensively simulated on a bench, the test mode is high in test difficulty, more occupied equipment resources are provided, and the test cost is too high.
Therefore, how to provide a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body can well present the structural stress of the vehicle frame in the motion process of the vehicle, the test effect is consistent with the road simulation test, the test is simple and easy, the test cost is low, and the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body, so that the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body can well present the structural stress of a vehicle frame in the motion process of an automobile, the test effect is consistent with a road simulation test, the test is simple and easy, and the test cost is lower.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, applying a preset acting force F to the frame q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving by using an inertial release method to obtain the stress condition of the frame;
step S2, restraining the frame and applying the preset acting force F to the frame q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame;
step S3, comparing the stress conditions of the frame obtained in the step S1 with the stress conditions of the frame obtained in the step S2, judging whether preset conditions are met, and if yes, determining that the simulation scheme of the step S2 is applicable to a frame fatigue rack of a non-load-bearing type vehicle body; if not, the following step S4 is executed;
step S4, returning to the step S2, and adjusting the restraint of the frame and/or the preset acting force F q The loading mode of (3) performing simulation analysis and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame, and then executing the step S3.
Inertia release, namely allowing to carry out static analysis on an unconstrained free structure, and analyzing the stress of the structure by constructing a self-balancing differential equation method, wherein the free structure is in a balanced state or a uniform acceleration state under the action of external load and self inertia.
The inertia release method can effectively avoid the influence of boundary conditions on an analysis result to obtain a reasonable and actual stress condition of the frame, but the inertia release solution is carried out in an unconstrained state in simulation software, and the actual bench test is carried out under the constrained condition.
Therefore, the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body determined by the method accords with the stress condition of the vehicle frame under the actual running state of the vehicle, has high test precision, and can meet the accurate simulation requirement of a customer; meanwhile, the bench test scheme only needs to completely copy the simulation scheme meeting the preset conditions, and the frame is restrained, so that the test principle is clear, the method is simple and easy to realize, special test equipment is not needed, and the test cost is low.
Optionally, the stress condition of the frame passes through a maximum stress value F 1 And a maximum stress location characterization.
Optionally, the preset condition includes a first condition unit and a second condition unit, and if the first condition unit and the second condition unit are simultaneously met, the simulation scheme of the step S2 is determined to be suitable for the frame fatigue bench test of the non-loading type vehicle body;
the first condition unit is that the maximum stress value positions obtained in the step S1 and the step S2 are consistent, and the second preset unit is F 1 Satisfies 0.8F 0 ≤F 1 ≤1.2F 0 。
Optionally, the step S2 further includes: adjusting the restraint mode of the frame and/or the frameThe preset acting force F q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving, repeating the preset times to obtain the maximum stress value F of the frame 2 、F 3 …F n And a corresponding maximum stress value location;
the preset conditions further comprise a third condition unit, if the first condition unit and the second condition unit are met, whether the third condition unit is met is judged, and if yes, the corresponding simulation scheme is determined to be suitable for a frame fatigue bench test of the non-bearing type vehicle body;
the third condition unit is as follows: in the simulation scheme satisfying the first and second conditional units, the maximum stress value is a maximum value.
Optionally, the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-load-bearing vehicle body is as follows:
carrying out xyz full constraint on a first vehicle body installation seat, a second vehicle body installation seat and a third vehicle body installation seat of the frame, carrying out z constraint on a fourth installation seat, and applying a preset acting force F to an outer installation point of a lower control arm which is installed on the frame and is used for being connected with any front wheel and is connected with any front wheel according to a preset frequency q And circulating for a preset number of times to check whether the frame cracks.
Optionally, the preset acting force F q The calculation is as follows:
obtaining the braking acting force F of the grounding point of the front wheel under the working condition of forward braking of the whole vehicle lx The preset acting force F q ＝1.25F lx 。
Optionally, the braking force F lx The calculation is as follows:
wherein M is the vehicle servicing mass; g is the acceleration of gravity; g x Is a forward braking condition coefficient; b is the distance from the center of mass of the whole vehicle to the rear axle; h is the height of the mass center of the whole vehicle; l is the wheelbase.
Optionally, the preset force F q In the same plane as the frame, andthe preset acting force F q And the included angle between the frame and the length direction of the frame is 30 +/-3 degrees.
Optionally, the preset frequency is 1-3 Hz.
Optionally, the preset number is not less than 30 ten thousand.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test solution for a non-load bearing vehicle body in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test solution for a non-self-supporting vehicle body in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a frame fatigue bench test scheme for a non-load bearing vehicle body;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a stress distribution of a frame of a vehicle using inertial release;
FIG. 5 is a stress distribution diagram of a frame of a vehicle under a first restraint condition;
FIG. 6 is a stress distribution diagram of a frame of a vehicle under a second restraint condition;
wherein the reference numerals of fig. 3 are explained as follows:
01-a frame; 11-a first body mount; 12-a second body mount; 13-a third body mount; 14-fourth mount.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Herein, the longitudinal direction along the frame 01 is an x-direction, the width direction along the frame 01 is a y-direction, and a direction perpendicular to the x-direction and the y-direction is a z-direction.
As used herein, a plurality is two or more.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme for a non-load-bearing vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, applying a preset acting force F to the frame 01 q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving by using an inertial release method to obtain the stress condition of the frame 01;
step S2, restraining the frame 01 and applying the preset acting force F to the frame 01 q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame 01;
step S3, comparing the stress conditions of the frame 01 obtained in the step S1 with the stress conditions of the frame 01 obtained in the step S2, judging whether preset conditions are met, and if yes, determining that the simulation scheme of the step S2 is suitable for a frame fatigue bench test of a non-load-bearing type vehicle body; if not, the following step S4 is executed;
step S4, returning to step S2, and adjusting the constraint mode and/or the preset acting force F of the vehicle frame 01 q The loading method of (3) is to perform simulation analysis and solution to obtain the stress condition of the frame 01, and then to execute the step S3.
Inertia release, namely allowing to carry out static analysis on an unconstrained free structure, and analyzing the stress of the structure by constructing a self-balancing differential equation method, wherein the free structure is in a balanced state or a uniform acceleration state under the action of external load and self inertia.
The inertia release method can effectively avoid the influence of boundary conditions on an analysis result to obtain a reasonable and actual stress condition of the vehicle frame, but the solution of inertia release is carried out in a simulation software in an unconstrained state, and the actual bench test is carried out under the constrained condition, so that the invention takes the analysis result of the inertia release method as guidance to carry out simulation analysis on the stress condition of the vehicle frame 01 in the constrained state, selects a simulation scheme meeting preset conditions, namely, the simulation scheme is matched with the analysis result of the inertia release method to further meet the stress condition of the vehicle frame 01 in the actual running state of the vehicle, and takes the simulation scheme as a final bench test scheme to carry out the actual bench test.
Therefore, the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body determined by the method accords with the stress condition of the vehicle frame 01 in the actual running state of the vehicle, has high test precision, and can meet the accurate simulation requirement of a customer; meanwhile, the bench test scheme only needs to completely copy the simulation scheme meeting the preset conditions, and the frame 01 is restrained, so that the test principle is clear, the method is simple and easy to realize, special test equipment is not needed, and the test cost is low.
The restraint of the frame 01 is realized, specifically, the restraint of each vehicle body installation seat on the two sides of the longitudinal beam of the frame 01 is realized, the restraint of the frame 01 is adjusted, and the restraint of the frame 01 specifically comprises restraint position adjustment and restraint mode adjustment, wherein the restraint position adjustment can restrain the vehicle body installation seats on any position of the frame 01, and meanwhile, on the basis that the restraint can be realized, the restraint of any number of vehicle body installation seats on the two sides of the longitudinal beam of the frame 01 can be realized.
The constraint mode comprises an xyz full constraint, an x constraint, a y constraint and a z constraint, wherein the xyz full constraint cannot be displaced in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction; "x-constrained," i.e., not displaceable in the x-direction only; "y-constrained," i.e., not displaceable in the y-direction only; "z-constrained" is that it cannot be displaced in the z-direction only.
When the analysis result of the frame 01 in a certain constraint state does not meet the preset condition, the constraint position and/or the constraint mode of the frame 01 can be adjusted.
Adjusting a predetermined force F q In such a way that the predetermined force F can be adjusted q And the included angle between the frame 01 and the length direction.
Further, the present embodiment employs the maximum stress value F 1 And the maximum stress position represents the stress condition of the frame 01.
Correspondingly, the preset conditions comprise a first condition unit and a second condition unit, and if the first condition unit and the second condition unit are simultaneously met, the simulation scheme of the step S2 is determined to be suitable for the frame fatigue bench test of the non-bearing type vehicle body;
the first condition unit is that the maximum stress value positions obtained in the step S1 and the step S2 are consistent, and the second preset unit is F 1 Satisfies 0.8F 0 ≤F 1 ≤1.2F 0 。
By maximum stressPosition and maximum stress value F 1 The two parameters measure the stress condition of the frame 01 in the constraint state, and ensure that the failure mode of the frame 01 in the constraint state is consistent with the failure mode of the frame 01 in the inertial release method, so that the failure mode of the frame 01 in the constraint state is ensured to be consistent with the failure mode of the vehicle in the actual running state, and the test precision is improved.
Of course, when the maximum stress value F of the finally determined bench test plan is determined 1 At 0.8F 0 ～F 0 In between, i.e. maximum stress values F obtained in the constrained state 1 Less than maximum stress value F obtained by inertial release method 0 At this time, applying this scheme to practice would increase the risk of failure of the frame 01.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme for a non-load-bearing vehicle body according to the present invention.
In the method for determining the fatigue bench test scheme of the vehicle frame of the non-bearing vehicle body, the step S2 further comprises the following steps:
adjusting the restraint mode and/or the predetermined force F of the frame 01 q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving, and repeating the preset times to obtain the maximum stress values F2 and F3 … Fn of the frame 01 and the corresponding maximum stress value positions;
the preset conditions further comprise a third condition unit, if the first condition unit and the second condition unit are met, whether the third condition unit is met is judged, and if yes, the corresponding simulation scheme is determined to be suitable for a frame fatigue bench test of the non-bearing type vehicle body;
the third condition unit is as follows: in each simulation scheme satisfying the first and second conditional elements, the maximum stress value is the maximum value.
When a plurality of simulation schemes all meet the first condition unit and the second condition unit, the maximum stress values obtained by the simulation schemes are compared, and the simulation scheme corresponding to the maximum value is the final bench test scheme.
By adding the third condition unit, the durability and the reliability of the frame 01 in practical application are improved.
The invention finally determines a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out xyz full restraint on a first vehicle body mounting seat 11, a second vehicle body mounting seat 12 and a third vehicle body mounting seat 13 of the vehicle frame 01, carrying out z restraint on a fourth mounting seat 14, and applying a preset acting force F to a lower control arm outer mounting point which is arranged on the vehicle frame 01 and is used for being connected with any front wheel according to a preset frequency q And circulating for a preset number of times to check whether the frame 01 cracks.
The frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body can well present the structural stress of the vehicle frame 01 in the moving process of the vehicle, the test effect is consistent with the road simulation test, the test is simple and easy, and the test cost is lower.
Further, the preset acting force F q The calculation is as follows:
obtaining the braking acting force F of the front wheel grounding point under the working condition of forward braking of the whole vehicle lx Preset acting force F q ＝1.25F lx 。
Braking force F lx The calculation is as follows:
wherein M is the vehicle servicing mass; g is the acceleration of gravity; g x The forward braking condition coefficient is usually 1.0-1.2; b is the distance from the center of mass of the whole vehicle to the rear axle; h is the height of the mass center of the whole vehicle; l is the wheelbase.
During the running process of the vehicle, the dynamic load is transmitted to the frame 01 through the wheel and the lower control arm outer mounting point in sequence, so that the lower control arm outer mounting point is selected as the preset acting force F in the embodiment q The position of action of (c); meanwhile, the fatigue test is carried out on the frame 01 under the braking working condition in the embodiment. In practical application, other action positions or other working conditions of the frame 01 can be analyzed by using the determination method provided by the invention.
Further, the preset acting force F q And a frame 01In the same plane and with a predetermined force F q The included angle between the length direction of the frame 01 and the frame is 30 +/-3 degrees.
Through multiple times of simulation analysis, it is finally determined that when the first vehicle body installation seat 11, the second vehicle body installation seat 12 and the third vehicle body installation seat 13 are subjected to xyz full constraint, the fourth installation seat 14 is subjected to z constraint, and the preset acting force F is q When the included angle between the direction of the frame 01 and the length direction of the frame 01 is 30 degrees +/-3 degrees, the failure mode of the frame 01 is most matched with the failure mode of the vehicle in the actual motion state, and the test precision is highest.
In particular, the preset force F q The application frequency of (1) to (3) Hz; the preset times are not less than 30 ten thousand, so that the reliability and the durability of the frame 01 are ensured.
Of course, the predetermined force F q The specific value of the applied frequency is not limited, and can be adaptively adjusted according to actual test working conditions such as equipment, environment and the like. The test times are obtained by using fatigue analysis software.
Taking a certain vehicle as an example, the steps and results of applying the test scheme of the frame fatigue bench of the non-bearing type vehicle body are as follows:
the vehicle parameters are as follows:
quality of vehicle servicing: 2950 kg; distance from the center of mass of the whole vehicle to the rear axle: b is 1.420 m; the height of the mass center of the whole vehicle is as follows: h is 0.78 m; wheelbase: l-3.470 m; forward braking condition coefficient: g x 1.2; the acceleration of gravity g is 9.8.
Braking force F lx The calculation is as follows:
F 1X ＝2950×9.8×1.2×(1.420+1.2×0.78)/(2×3.470)＝11777N
predetermined force F q The calculation is as follows:
F q when the value is 1.25 × 11777, 14721N, the whole is 15000N
Firstly, the frame is subjected to simulation analysis by using an inertia release method to obtain a stress distribution cloud chart, as shown in FIG. 4, F 0 ＝280Mpa。
Then, the frame is constrained and simulated and analyzed to obtain a stress distribution cloud chart, as shown in fig. 5The position of maximum stress has changed and is transferred to F 2 If the position does not meet the preset condition, the constraint of the frame or the loading of the preset acting force is adjusted, and the simulation analysis is carried out again to solve the problem to obtain a stress distribution cloud chart, as shown in figure 6, F 1 336MPa at 0.8F 0 ～F 0 And the maximum stress position is consistent with the maximum stress position in the inertia release method, so that the scheme is determined to be the final frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-bearing type vehicle body.
The method for determining the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-load-bearing type vehicle body provided by the invention is described in detail, the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for determining a frame fatigue bench test scheme of a non-bearing type vehicle body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, applying a preset acting force F to the vehicle frame (01) q And performing simulation analysis and solving by using an inertial release method to obtain the stress condition of the frame (01) and obtain a maximum stress value F 0 And maximum stress value F 0 Position, predetermined force F q From F q ＝1.25F lx Calculated to obtain the braking acting force F lx The calculation is as follows:
wherein M is the vehicle servicing mass; g is the acceleration of gravity; g x Is a forward braking condition coefficient; b is the distance from the center of mass of the whole vehicle to the rear axle; h is the height of the mass center of the whole vehicle; l is the wheelbase;
step S2, restraining the frame (01) and applying the preset acting force F to the frame (01) q And carrying out simulation analysis and solving to obtain the stress condition of the frame (01) and obtain the maximum stress value F 1 And maximum stress value F 1 A location;
step S3, comparing the stress conditions of the frame (01) obtained in the step S1 with the stress conditions of the frame (01) obtained in the step S2, judging whether preset conditions are met, and if yes, determining that the simulation scheme of the step S2 is suitable for a frame fatigue bench test of a non-load-bearing type vehicle body; if not, the following step S4 is executed,
the preset condition includes a first condition unit and a second condition unit, the first condition unit is the maximum stress value F obtained in step S1 0 And the maximum stress value F obtained in step S2 1 The positions are consistent, and the second preset unit is F 1 Satisfies 0.8F 0 ≤F 1 ≤1.2F 0 ；
Step S4, returning to the step S2, and adjusting the restraint of the frame (01) and/or the preset acting force F q The loading mode (S) is to perform simulation analysis and solution to obtain the stress condition of the frame (01), and then the step S3 is executed.
2. The method for determining a frame fatigue bench test solution for a non-self-supporting vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 further comprises: adjusting the restraint mode of the frame (01) and/or the predetermined force F q Carrying out simulation analysis and solving, repeating the preset times to obtain the maximum stress value F of the frame (01) 2 、F 3 …F n And a corresponding maximum stress value location;
the preset conditions further comprise a third condition unit, if the first condition unit and the second condition unit are met, whether the third condition unit is met is judged, and if yes, the corresponding simulation scheme is determined to be suitable for a frame fatigue bench test of the non-bearing type vehicle body;
the third condition unit is as follows: in the simulation scheme satisfying the first and second conditional units, the maximum stress value is a maximum value.
3. Method for determining a frame fatigue bench test solution for a non-self-supporting body according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the frame fatigue bench test solution for a non-self-supporting body comprises the following steps:
carrying out xyz total restraint on a first vehicle body installation seat (11), a second vehicle body installation seat (12) and a third vehicle body installation seat (13) of the vehicle frame (01), carrying out z restraint on a fourth installation seat (14), and applying a preset acting force F to a lower control arm outer installation point which is installed on the vehicle frame (01) and is used for being connected with any front wheel according to a preset frequency q And circulating for a preset number of times to check whether the frame (01) cracks.
4. Method for determining a frame fatigue bench test solution for a body shell according to claim 3, characterised in that the predetermined force F q In the same plane with the frame (01), and the preset acting force F q And the included angle between the length direction of the frame (01) and the included angle is 30 +/-3 degrees.
5. The method for determining the frame fatigue bench test scheme of the non-self-supporting vehicle body according to claim 3, wherein the preset frequency is 1-3 Hz.
6. The method for determining the frame fatigue bench test scheme for the unsupported vehicle body according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined number of times is not less than 30 ten thousand times.
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