CN113187921A - Submarine ball valve with long service life and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Submarine ball valve with long service life and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113187921A
CN113187921A CN202110487153.3A CN202110487153A CN113187921A CN 113187921 A CN113187921 A CN 113187921A CN 202110487153 A CN202110487153 A CN 202110487153A CN 113187921 A CN113187921 A CN 113187921A
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layer
ball valve
valve
sealing
outer side
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CN202110487153.3A
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王同棣
牛振文
于化顺
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Binzhou Yongtai Stainless Steel Products Co ltd
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Binzhou Yongtai Stainless Steel Products Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110487153.3A priority Critical patent/CN113187921A/en
Publication of CN113187921A publication Critical patent/CN113187921A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/06—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks
    • F16K27/067—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks with spherical plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/08—Guiding yokes for spindles; Means for closing housings; Dust caps, e.g. for tyre valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K41/00—Spindle sealings
    • F16K41/02—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings
    • F16K41/06—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring attached to both spindle and housing
    • F16K41/063—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring attached to both spindle and housing for spindles which only rotate, i.e. non-rising spindles
    • F16K41/066—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring attached to both spindle and housing for spindles which only rotate, i.e. non-rising spindles for rotating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0673—Composite packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0689—Packings between housing and plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0694—Spindle sealings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145—Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a submarine ball valve with long service life and a preparation method thereof. The sealing component of the invention adopts metal sealing and PEEK sealing to form two-stage sealing, and the PEEK sealing part is formed by combining a bidirectional V-shaped seal and an O-shaped sealing ring; the bidirectional V-shaped seal made of the PEEK material has the effects of sealing an internal medium and preventing external seawater from entering the valve body, prevents the medium seawater outside from entering the ball body through the seal between the valve body and the cover plate and between the valve rod and the valve rod to corrode the ball body, and the PEEK has good heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and friction characteristic, so that the corrosion resistance of the ball valve can be obviously enhanced, and the service life of the ball valve for the seabed is prolonged.

Description

Submarine ball valve with long service life and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a submarine ball valve with long service life and a preparation method thereof, in particular to the technical field of ball valves.
Background
The ball valve is a ball valve which is produced in the 50 s of the 20 th century. Through the development of half a century, the valve is a main valve, and is mainly applied to the industries of aerospace, petrochemical industry, long-distance pipelines, light industry food, buildings and the like. In addition, because the ball valve under the ocean working condition is different from a land ball valve, the maintenance cost is extremely high, and higher requirements are provided for the sealing performance and the reliability of the ball valve. The underwater high-pressure ball valve belongs to a special ball valve, has the characteristics of complex structure, high material performance requirement, complex processing technology, high pressure and the like, and has the influence of various factors in the design and production processing stages, so that the underwater high-pressure ball valve is the ball valve with the highest research and development difficulty in the special ball valve. With the research and development of marine science and technology, the application of the ball valve is more and more emphasized. The submarine ball valve is different from a common ball valve, because the submarine ball valve works in deep sea, the submarine ball valve is not only corroded by seawater, but also influenced by factors such as external pressure of seawater, complex submarine working conditions, corrosion of underwater electrodes and the like, and when the working water depth is 1000 meters, the submarine ball valve is under the pressure of 10MPA, so that the submarine ball valve is not only under the high pressure of a medium in a pipeline, but also under the influence of the high pressure of the seawater. However, the submarine ball valve also needs to bear the external deep sea water pressure, so that a bidirectional seal must be arranged to ensure that external water media cannot enter the inside of the ball valve through the valve rod seal, and on the other hand, the viscosity of seawater is relatively lower than that of petroleum, so that the possibility that seawater enters the inside of the ball valve is increased, when the ball valve is in a deep sea environment and no conveying media exist in a pipeline system, the internal and external pressure difference is large, the sealing is difficult to ensure, and the deep sea ball valve works in the deep sea, the material of the deep sea ball valve is not only corroded by the seawater, but also by the high-pressure and high-speed media in the ball valve, so that the conventional ball valve is easy to leak and scrap, the time and labor are wasted, and the service life is short.
However, the viscosity of seawater is relatively lower than that of petroleum, and the possibility that seawater enters the interior of the ball valve can be increased, so that when the ball valve is used in a deep sea environment and no conveying medium exists in a pipeline system, the internal and external pressure difference is large, sealing is difficult to guarantee, and the deep sea ball valve works in the deep sea, and the material of the deep sea ball valve is corroded by not only seawater but also high-pressure and high-speed media in the ball valve, so that the conventional common ball valve is easy to leak and scrap, frequent replacement is caused, time and labor are wasted, the service life is short, and the like. In the Chinese patent publication: CN 112081947A discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure oil-gas hard sealing ball valve for ocean working conditions, wherein a metal valve seat ring forms a seal with the inner wall surface of a valve seat mounting groove through a first high-temperature-resistant lip-shaped sealing gasket; the first graphite self-tightening sealing element deviates from the first metal pressing ring end and is connected with the metal valve seat ring. Above-mentioned technical scheme, structural design is reasonable, sealing performance is good, be difficult for leaking, reliable operation, long service life and practicality are good. But the sealing performance and corrosion resistance of the ball valve are still not well solved.
However, the viscosity of seawater is relatively lower than that of petroleum, and the possibility that seawater enters the ball valve is increased, so when the ball valve is used in deep sea and no conveying medium is in a pipeline system, the internal and external pressure difference is large, the sealing is difficult to ensure, and the deep sea ball valve works in deep sea, and the material of the deep sea ball valve is corroded by not only seawater but also high-pressure and high-speed media in the ball valve, so that the conventional common ball valve is easy to leak and scrap, frequent replacement is caused, time and labor are wasted, the service life is short, and the like, in the Chinese patent publication no: CN211820831U discloses a top-mounted formula deep sea self sealss ball valve, this device adopts whole forging, can carry out high-pressure medium and carry. The integrally forged ball valve has small valve body defects and avoids stress concentration caused by the defective parts. But the sealing performance and corrosion resistance of the ball valve are still not well solved.
However, the viscosity of seawater is relatively lower than that of petroleum, and the possibility that seawater enters the ball valve is increased, so when the ball valve is used in deep sea and no conveying medium is in a pipeline system, the internal and external pressure difference is large, the sealing is difficult to ensure, and the deep sea ball valve works in deep sea, and the material of the deep sea ball valve is corroded by not only seawater but also high-pressure and high-speed media in the ball valve, so that the conventional common ball valve is easy to leak and scrap, frequent replacement is caused, time and labor are wasted, the service life is short, and the like, in the Chinese patent publication no: CN107460367B discloses a sand-containing seawater corrosion wear resistant copper alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of ocean engineering and ocean equipment, wherein the copper alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: ni: 0.5-10%; al: 2 to 6.5 percent; fe: 0.5-1.5%; mn: 2.5 to 10 percent; co: 0.15 to 1 percent; cr: 0.15 to 0.9 percent; si: 0.5-1%; the balance being Cu. During preparation, electrolytic copper, a covering agent, a CnMn alloy, a CuTi alloy, electrolytic nickel, a CuFe alloy, electrolytic aluminum, pure magnesium, a covering agent and a CuB alloy are sequentially added, the CuP alloy is deoxidized and microalloyed, slag is stirred and fished, the temperature is raised, and the alloy is taken out of the furnace. Above-mentioned technical scheme has with low costs, efficient advantage, and the copper alloy material has sand-containing sea water erosion corrosion resistance, marine organism corruption and performance such as sea water high velocity of flow corrosion, can satisfy the requirement of ocean engineering to corrosion and wear resistant material, but still does not obtain well solving to the sealing performance of ball valve, therefore outside aqueous medium still can get into inside the ball valve through the valve rod is sealed, reduces the life of ball valve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, provides a submarine ball valve with long service life and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the submarine ball valve provided in the background art has large internal and external pressure difference and is difficult to ensure sealing, and the material of the submarine ball valve is corroded by seawater and high-pressure and high-speed media in the ball valve when the submarine ball valve works in deep sea, so that the conventional common ball valve is easy to leak and scrap, frequent replacement is caused, time and labor are wasted, the service life is short, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a high life's ball valve is used on seabed, includes valve body, valve rod, spheroid, valve body apron and disk seat, its characterized in that: adopt seal assembly to carry out sealing connection between valve body and the valve body apron, seal assembly adopts metal seal and sealed formation two-stage seal of PEEK, the bottom of valve rod is connected with the spheroid, the valve rod outside is provided with the sealed pad of valve rod and the sealed pad of high temperature resistant lip, the inside spheroid that is provided with of cavity of valve body, spheroidal one side is provided with the disk seat, the disk seat is formed by last disk seat and lower disk seat combination, adopt the sealing member to seal between disk seat and the spheroid, valve body, spheroid, valve rod and disk seat are whole setting, valve body, spheroid, valve rod adopt purpose-built duplex stainless steel sheet preparation to form.
Preferably, the sealing element is formed by combining a bidirectional V-shaped seal and an O-shaped sealing ring, the bidirectional V-shaped seal and the O-shaped sealing ring are made of PEEK materials, so that the bidirectional V-shaped seal made of PEEK materials has the functions of sealing internal media and preventing external seawater from entering the interior of the valve body, and the PEEK has heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and friction characteristics, so that the corrosion resistance of the ball valve can be enhanced.
Preferably, the valve body, the ball body and the valve rod are made of a special duplex stainless steel plate, a first epoxy anticorrosive coating is coated on the outer side of the duplex stainless steel plate, a seawater corrosion resistant polyurethane elastic layer and a cladding anti-oxidation layer are coated on the outer side surface of the duplex stainless steel plate, the polyurethane elastic layer and the cladding anti-oxidation layer are combined to form the first epoxy anticorrosive coating, the cladding anti-oxidation layer is made of an anticorrosive coating material, and the thickness of the cladding anti-oxidation layer is 150-300 mu m; the anti-corrosion coating comprises a first epoxy anti-corrosion layer, and is characterized in that a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the first epoxy anti-corrosion layer, a second epoxy anti-corrosion layer is coated on the outer side of the protective layer, the thicknesses of the first epoxy anti-corrosion layer and the second epoxy anti-corrosion layer are both 120-350 mu m, an anti-corrosion layer is arranged on the outer side of the second epoxy anti-corrosion layer, an anti-oxidation layer is arranged on the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer, an outer protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer, and the outer protective layer is made of polyurethane elastomers. Hydrophobic nano powder and nano alumina powder are sequentially mixed into the polyurethane elastomer of the polyurethane elastic layer, polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, the hydrophobic nano powder is 1-30 mg/part, and the nano alumina powder is 10-20 mg/part, so that the hardness and the hydrophobicity of the polyurethane elastomer are enhanced, and the original porous structure is still maintained in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment because the hydrophobic nano powder has good thermal stability; furthermore, the hydrophobicity, the mechanical strength and the seawater corrosion and marine organism adhesion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are improved, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the overall pressure resistance and the corrosion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are enhanced.
Preferably, the protective layer is made of an anti-corrosion coating material, the anti-corrosion coating material is prepared by a Staudenmaier method, sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate and 20-65% ammonium carbonate solution are added into the prepared graphene oxide, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly by ultrasound to obtain mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate, the mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate is prepared into mixed solution suspension of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate with the mass concentration of 70% in a container, the mixture is combusted in an oxygen-free environment to obtain porous pure reduced graphene, azodiisobutyronitrile initiator and silane coupling agent are sequentially added into the reduced graphene, then inert gas helium is added into the container, the temperature is increased to 100-120 ℃ for magnetic stirring reaction, and methyl methacrylate and ammonium carbonate are added dropwise, And stirring and reacting the butyl acrylate, the antifouling nano material and the rest of the azodiisobutyronitrile initiator for 6-8 hours to obtain the anticorrosive coating material.
Preferably, the valve body, the ball body and the valve rod are made of a special duplex stainless steel plate, and the duplex stainless steel plate is made by the following elements in percentage by mass: 20-35% of chromium, 1.2-4% of molybdenum and 1.5-7% of nickel, wherein the nitrogen content is correspondingly adjusted along with the nickel content, so that the chromium, the molybdenum and the nickel are in phase balance, the aluminum content is 2.0-6.5%, the copper content is 0.15-1.0%, the niobium content is 0.2-0.6%, and the balance is Cu and other inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the duplex stainless steel plate comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials such as electrolytic nickel, pure chromium, molybdenum, nickel, aluminum, copper, niobium, pure iron and the like according to the mass percent of the element components, preheating a smelting furnace, wherein the heating rate is 5-7 ℃ percent Min, then sequentially putting all the raw materials except the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium into the smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the time interval between every two sequences is 1.5-3Min, then sequentially adding the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium according to the sequence until the smelting furnace is heated to 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45-60Min, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel plate of the non-duplex stainless steel plate, wherein the yield strength of the steel plate is 600MPa, and the tensile strength of the steel plate is 813 MPa.
The invention provides a submarine ball valve with long service life and a preparation method thereof, and the submarine ball valve has the following beneficial effects:
1. the sealing assembly is sealed and connected with the valve body cover plate by adopting a metal seal and a PEEK seal to form two-stage seal, the sealing element is formed by combining a bidirectional V-shaped seal and an O-shaped sealing ring, the bidirectional V-shaped seal and the O-shaped sealing ring are arranged by adopting PEEK materials, so that the bidirectional V-shaped seal arranged by adopting the PEEK materials has the effects of sealing an internal medium and preventing external seawater from entering the interior of the valve body, and the PEEK has the characteristics of heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and friction, so that the corrosion resistance of the ball valve can be enhanced, the seawater of the external medium can be prevented from entering the interior of the ball body through the seal between the valve body and the cover plate as well as between the valve rod, and the ball valve can be corroded, and the service life of the ball valve can be prolonged;
2. the valve body, the ball body and the valve rod are made of special dual-phase stainless steel plates, a first epoxy anticorrosive layer is coated on the outer side of each dual-phase stainless steel plate, a seawater corrosion resistant polyurethane elastic layer and a cladding anti-oxidation layer are coated on the outer side surface of each dual-phase stainless steel plate, the polyurethane elastic layer and the cladding anti-oxidation layer are combined to form a first epoxy anticorrosive layer, a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer, a second epoxy anticorrosive layer is coated on the outer side of the protective layer, the thicknesses of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer and the second epoxy anticorrosive layer are both 120-350 mu m, a corrosion-resistant layer is arranged on the outer side of the second epoxy anticorrosive layer, the anti-oxidation layer is arranged on the outer side of the corrosion-resistant layer, an outer protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer, and the outer protective layer is made of polyurethane elastomers. According to the polyurethane elastomer of the polyurethane elastic layer, the hydrophobic nano powder and the nano alumina powder are sequentially doped into the polyurethane elastomer, and the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the hardness and the hydrophobicity of the polyurethane elastomer are enhanced, and the original porous structure is still maintained in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment because the hydrophobic nano powder has good thermal stability; furthermore, the hydrophobicity, the mechanical strength and the seawater corrosion and marine organism adhesion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are improved, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the overall pressure resistance and the corrosion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are enhanced. Therefore, the corrosion resistance and the strength of the ball valve are improved through material component design, so that the ball valve is more suitable for being used in deep sea, the problems that a common ball valve material is easy to rust and is easy to leak and scrap without seawater scouring are solved, and the service life of the ball valve is prolonged.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention without limiting the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-service-life ball valve for a sea floor and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a high-life ball valve for a sea floor and a method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial structural schematic view of a high-life subsea ball valve and a method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a seal member; 2. a high temperature resistant lip seal; 3. a valve stem gasket; 4. a valve stem; 5. a seal assembly; 6. a valve body cover plate; 7. a valve seat ring; 8. a valve seat; 9. a sphere; 10. a valve body; 11. a duplex stainless steel plate; 12. a first epoxy anticorrosive layer; 13. a protective layer; 14. a second epoxy anticorrosive layer; 15. a corrosion-resistant layer; 16. an oxidation-resistant layer; 17. an outer protective layer; 19. a polyurethane elastic layer; 20. cladding an anti-oxidation layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention relates to a submarine ball valve with long service life, which comprises a valve body 10, a valve rod 4, a ball body 9, a valve body cover plate 6 and a valve seat 8, and is characterized in that: adopt seal assembly 5 to carry out sealing connection between valve body 10 and the valve body apron 6, seal assembly 5 adopts metal seal to seal and forms the two-stage with PEEK sealed and seal, the bottom of valve rod 4 is connected with spheroid 10, the valve rod 4 outside is provided with valve rod sealing gasket 3 and high temperature resistant lip seal pad 2, the inside spheroid 9 that is provided with of cavity of valve body 10, one side of spheroid 9 is provided with disk seat 8, disk seat 8 is formed by last disk seat and lower disk seat combination, adopt sealing member 1 to seal between disk seat 8 and the spheroid 9, valve body 10, spheroid 9, valve rod 4 and disk seat 8 are whole setting, valve body 10, spheroid 9, valve rod 4 adopt 11 preparation of purpose-made duplex stainless steel sheet to form.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a ball valve for a sea floor having a long service life, comprising: sealing member 1 adopts two-way V type to seal and O type sealing washer combination to form, two-way V type is sealed to adopt the PEEK material setting with O type sealing washer, and the two-way V type that adopts the PEEK material setting from this seals has sealed inside medium and prevents that outside sea water from getting into the inside effect of valve body to PEEK has heat resistance, wearability, corrosion resistance and frictional property, can strengthen ball valve corrosion protection ability from this.
As shown in fig. 2-3, in the present embodiment, a high-service-life ball valve for sea floor is provided, the valve body 10, the ball body 9, and the valve rod 4 are made of a special dual-phase stainless steel plate 11, a first epoxy anticorrosive coating 12 is coated on an outer side of the dual-phase stainless steel plate 11, a seawater corrosion resistant polyurethane elastic layer 19 and a cladding antioxidant coating 20 are coated on an outer side surface of the dual-phase stainless steel plate 11, the polyurethane elastic layer 19 and the cladding antioxidant coating 20 are combined to form the first epoxy anticorrosive coating 12, the cladding antioxidant coating 20 is made of an anticorrosive coating material, and the thickness of the cladding antioxidant coating is 150-; the outer side of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer 12 is provided with a protective layer 13, the outer side of the protective layer 13 is coated with a second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14, the thicknesses of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer 12 and the second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14 are both 120-350 μm, the outer side of the second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14 is provided with an anti-corrosion layer 15, the outer side of the anti-corrosion layer 15 is provided with an anti-oxidation layer 16, the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer 16 is provided with an outer protective layer 17, and the outer protective layer 17 is made of polyurethane elastomer. The polyurethane elastomer of the polyurethane elastic layer is prepared by sequentially mixing hydrophobic nanometer powder and nanometer alumina powder into the polyurethane elastomer, and coating polytetrafluoroethylene resin on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer. According to the invention, the hydrophobic nano powder and the nano alumina powder are sequentially doped into the polyurethane elastomer, so that the hardness and the hydrophobicity of the polyurethane elastomer are enhanced, and the hydrophobic nano powder has good thermal stability and still keeps the original porous structure in high-temperature and high-pressure environments; furthermore, the hydrophobicity, the mechanical strength and the seawater corrosion and marine organism adhesion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are improved, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the overall pressure resistance and the corrosion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are enhanced.
As shown in fig. 2-3, in this embodiment, a high-service-life ball valve for a seabed is provided, the protective layer 13 is provided by using an anti-corrosive coating material, the anti-corrosive coating material is prepared by using a Staudenmaier method to prepare graphene oxide, a sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate and an ammonium carbonate solution with a concentration of 20-65% are added to the prepared graphene oxide, ultrasonic stirring and mixing are performed uniformly to obtain a mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate, the mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate is taken to prepare a mixed solution suspension of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate with a concentration of 70% by mass in a container, the mixture is subjected to combustion treatment in an oxygen-free environment to obtain porous pure reduced graphene, an azobisisobutyronitrile initiator and a silane coupling agent are sequentially added to the reduced graphene, an inert gas helium is then added to the container, and then heating to 100-120 ℃ for magnetic stirring reaction, dropwise adding methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, the antifouling nano material and the rest azodiisobutyronitrile initiator, and stirring for reaction for 6-8h to obtain the anticorrosive coating material.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a high-service-life ball valve for sea floor is provided, the valve body 10, the ball body 9, and the valve rod 4 are made of a special duplex stainless steel plate 11, and the manufacturing method of the duplex stainless steel plate 11 includes the following elements by mass percent: 20-35% of chromium, 1.2-4% of molybdenum and 1.5-7% of nickel, wherein the nitrogen content is correspondingly adjusted along with the nickel content, so that the chromium, the molybdenum and the nickel are in phase balance, the aluminum content is 2.0-6.5%, the copper content is 0.15-1.0%, the niobium content is 0.2-0.6%, and the balance is Cu and other inevitable impurity elements.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-life ball valve for seabed, and the manufacturing method of the duplex stainless steel plate comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials such as electrolytic nickel, pure chromium, molybdenum, nickel, aluminum, copper, niobium, pure iron and the like according to the mass percent of the element components, preheating a smelting furnace, wherein the heating rate is 5-7 ℃ percent Min, then sequentially putting all the raw materials except the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium into the smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the time interval between every two sequences is 1.5-3Min, then sequentially adding the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium according to the sequence until the smelting furnace is heated to 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45-60Min, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel plate of the non-duplex stainless steel plate, wherein the yield strength of the steel plate is 600MPa, and the tensile strength of the steel plate is 813 MPa.
The invention has the following use process: the valve body 10 and the valve body cover plate 6 are connected in a sealing mode through the sealing assembly 5, the sealing assembly 5 of the invention adopts metal sealing and PEEK sealing to form two-stage sealing, the sealing element 1 is formed by combining bidirectional V-shaped sealing and an O-shaped sealing ring, the bidirectional V-shaped sealing and the O-shaped sealing ring are made of PEEK materials, therefore, the bidirectional V-shaped sealing made of the PEEK materials has the functions of sealing internal media and preventing external seawater from entering the interior of the valve body, and the PEEK has the characteristics of heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and friction, so that the corrosion resistance of the ball valve can be enhanced, the external medium seawater can be prevented from entering the interior of a ball body through the sealing between the valve body, the cover plate and the valve rod and corroding the ball valve, and the service life of the submarine ball valve can be prolonged.
The valve body 10, the ball body 9 and the valve rod 4 are made of special duplex stainless steel plates 11. The outer side of the duplex stainless steel plate 11 is coated with a first epoxy anticorrosive layer 12, the outer side of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer 12 is provided with a protective layer 13, the outer side of the protective layer 13 is coated with a second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14, the thicknesses of the first epoxy anticorrosive layer 12 and the second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14 are both 120-350 μm, the outer side of the second epoxy anticorrosive layer 14 is provided with an anti-corrosion layer 15, the outer side of the anti-corrosion layer 15 is provided with an anti-oxidation layer 16, the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer 16 is provided with an outer protective layer 17, and the outer protective layer 17 is formed by adopting a polyurethane elastomer. According to the polyurethane elastomer of the polyurethane elastic layer, the hydrophobic nano powder and the nano alumina powder are sequentially doped into the polyurethane elastomer, and the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the hardness and the hydrophobicity of the polyurethane elastomer are enhanced, and the original porous structure is still maintained in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment because the hydrophobic nano powder has good thermal stability; furthermore, the hydrophobicity, the mechanical strength and the seawater corrosion and marine organism adhesion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are improved, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, so that the overall pressure resistance and the corrosion resistance of the polyurethane elastomer material are enhanced. Therefore, the corrosion resistance and the strength of the ball valve are improved through material component design, so that the ball valve is more suitable for being used in deep sea, the problems that a common ball valve material is easy to rust and is easy to leak and scrap without seawater scouring are solved, and the service life of the ball valve is prolonged.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a high life's ball valve is used to seabed, includes valve body (10), valve rod (4), spheroid (9), valve body apron (6) and disk seat (8), its characterized in that: adopt seal assembly (5) to carry out sealing connection between valve body (10) and valve body apron (6), the bottom of valve rod (4) is connected with spheroid (10), valve rod (4) outside is provided with the sealed pad (3) of valve rod sealing and the sealed pad (2) of high temperature resistant lip, the inside spheroid (9) that is provided with of cavity of valve body (10), one side of spheroid (9) is provided with disk seat (8), disk seat (8) are formed by last disk seat and lower disk seat combination, adopt sealing member (1) to seal between disk seat (8) and spheroid (9), valve body (10), spheroid (9), valve rod (4) and disk seat (8) are whole setting, valve body (10), spheroid (9), valve rod (4) adopt purpose-made duplex stainless steel sheet (11) preparation to form.
2. A high life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein: seal assembly (5) adopt metal seal and sealed two-stage sealings that form of PEEK, sealing member (1) adopts two-way V type to seal and O type sealing washer combination to form, two-way V type is sealed to adopt the PEEK material setting with O type sealing washer.
3. A high life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the duplex stainless steel plate (11) is coated with a first epoxy anticorrosive layer (12), the outer side surface of the duplex stainless steel plate (11) is coated with a seawater corrosion resistant polyurethane elastic layer (19) and a cladding anti-oxidation layer (20), the polyurethane elastic layer (19) and the cladding anti-oxidation layer (20) are combined to form the first epoxy anticorrosive layer (12), the cladding anti-oxidation layer (20) is made of an anticorrosive coating material, and the thickness of the cladding anti-oxidation layer (20) is 150-300 mu m.
4. A high life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein: the anti-corrosion coating comprises a first epoxy anti-corrosion layer (12), a protective layer (13) is arranged on the outer side of the first epoxy anti-corrosion layer (12), a second epoxy anti-corrosion layer (14) is coated on the outer side of the protective layer (13), the thicknesses of the first epoxy anti-corrosion layer (12) and the second epoxy anti-corrosion layer (14) are both 120-350 mu m, an anti-corrosion layer (15) is arranged on the outer side of the second epoxy anti-corrosion layer (14), an anti-oxidation layer (16) is arranged on the outer side of the anti-corrosion layer (15), an outer protective layer (17) is arranged on the outer side of the anti-oxidation layer (16), and the outer protective layer (17) is made of polyurethane elastomer.
5. The high-service-life ball valve for the sea floor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyurethane elastic layer is manufactured by the steps of: hydrophobic nano powder and nano alumina powder are sequentially mixed into a polyurethane elastomer, polytetrafluoroethylene resin is coated on the outer side of the polyurethane elastomer, the hydrophobic nano powder accounts for 1-30 mg/part, and the nano alumina powder accounts for 10-20 mg/part.
6. A high life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein: the protective layer (13) is made of an anticorrosive coating material, the anticorrosive coating material is prepared by a Staudenmaier method, sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate and 20-65% ammonium carbonate solution are added into the prepared graphene oxide, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly by ultrasound to obtain mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate, the mixed gel of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate is prepared into mixed solution suspension of the graphene oxide and the ammonium carbonate with the mass concentration of 70% in a container, the mixture is combusted in an oxygen-free environment to obtain porous pure reduced graphene, azodiisobutyronitrile initiator and silane coupling agent are sequentially added into the reduced graphene, then inert gas helium is added into the container, the temperature is increased to 100-120 ℃ for magnetic stirring reaction, and methyl methacrylate and ammonium carbonate are added dropwise, And stirring and reacting the butyl acrylate, the antifouling nano material and the rest of the azodiisobutyronitrile initiator for 6-8 hours to obtain the anticorrosive coating material.
7. A high life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein: the valve body (10), the ball body (9) and the valve rod (4) are made of a special duplex stainless steel plate (11), and the duplex stainless steel plate (11) comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 20-35% of chromium, 1.2-4% of molybdenum and 1.5-7% of nickel, wherein the nitrogen content is correspondingly adjusted along with the nickel content, so that the chromium, the molybdenum and the nickel are in phase balance, the aluminum content is 2.0-6.5%, the copper content is 0.15-1.0%, the niobium content is 0.2-0.6%, and the balance is Cu and other inevitable impurity elements.
8. A high-life ball valve for sea floor according to claim 1, wherein the duplex stainless steel plate is manufactured by the steps of: weighing raw materials of electrolytic nickel, pure chromium, molybdenum, nickel, aluminum, copper, niobium and pure iron according to the mass percent of the element components, preheating a smelting furnace, wherein the heating rate is 5-7 ℃ percent Min, then sequentially putting all the raw materials except the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium into the smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the time interval between every two sequences is 1.5-3Min, then sequentially adding the electrolytic nickel and the pure chromium according to the sequence until the smelting furnace is heated to 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45-60Min, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the duplex stainless steel plate.
CN202110487153.3A 2021-05-04 2021-05-04 Submarine ball valve with long service life and preparation method thereof Pending CN113187921A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101768694A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-07 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 Antibacterial duplex stainless steel
CN105402433A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-16 中国海洋石油总公司 Internal and external pressure sealing structure for underwater ball valve
CN205937951U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-02-08 吴忠仪表有限责任公司 Two isolation fixed ball valve under water of releasing
CN207298107U (en) * 2017-07-26 2018-05-01 珠海横琴友脉科技有限公司 A kind of steel pipe
CN110005868A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-07-12 苏州道森阀门有限公司 A kind of underwater ball-valve valve rod combined sealing structure
CN211118063U (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-07-28 江苏惠泉钢管有限公司 High-strength corrosion-resistant straight welded pipe
CN212929031U (en) * 2020-07-27 2021-04-09 成都天佑晶创科技有限公司 Chemical cooling mixing tube
CN113048258A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-29 滨州永泰不锈钢制品有限公司 Seabed high pressure ball valve seal structure

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101768694A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-07 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 Antibacterial duplex stainless steel
CN105402433A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-16 中国海洋石油总公司 Internal and external pressure sealing structure for underwater ball valve
CN205937951U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-02-08 吴忠仪表有限责任公司 Two isolation fixed ball valve under water of releasing
CN207298107U (en) * 2017-07-26 2018-05-01 珠海横琴友脉科技有限公司 A kind of steel pipe
CN110005868A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-07-12 苏州道森阀门有限公司 A kind of underwater ball-valve valve rod combined sealing structure
CN211118063U (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-07-28 江苏惠泉钢管有限公司 High-strength corrosion-resistant straight welded pipe
CN212929031U (en) * 2020-07-27 2021-04-09 成都天佑晶创科技有限公司 Chemical cooling mixing tube
CN113048258A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-29 滨州永泰不锈钢制品有限公司 Seabed high pressure ball valve seal structure

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Application publication date: 20210730