CN113187506A - Yielding support structure and method for measuring pressure and deformation of surrounding rock - Google Patents

Yielding support structure and method for measuring pressure and deformation of surrounding rock Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113187506A
CN113187506A CN202110484220.6A CN202110484220A CN113187506A CN 113187506 A CN113187506 A CN 113187506A CN 202110484220 A CN202110484220 A CN 202110484220A CN 113187506 A CN113187506 A CN 113187506A
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pressure
support plate
plate
surrounding rock
scale
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CN113187506B (en
Inventor
潘永坚
王华俊
赵延林
谭涛
廖健
卿翠贵
姚文杰
董理金
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Zhejiang Engineering Survey And Design Institute Group Co ltd
Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Zhejiang Engineering Survey And Design Institute Group Co ltd
Hunan University of Science and Technology
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/002—Auxiliary devices in which the prop type is not essential
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation, which comprises a main support plate and an auxiliary support plate, wherein the main support plate is inverted U-shaped, two ends of the main support plate are inserted into bottom surrounding rock, the auxiliary support plate is inverted U-shaped and sleeved outside the main support plate, two ends of the auxiliary support plate are inserted into the bottom surrounding rock, a plurality of small chambers are arranged at the outer side of the main support plate at equal intervals, a yielding support device is arranged in each small chamber, the bottom of the yielding support device is fixed in the small chamber, the top of the yielding support device is fixed at the inner side of the auxiliary support plate, and a pressure and deformation measuring device is arranged between the auxiliary support plate and the main U-shaped support plate. The invention can absorb and consume energy through the deformation of the spring, accords with the change characteristic of the surrounding rock pressure and the stress performance of the yielding support, can obtain the pressure, the released energy and the displacement of the surrounding rock at different moments through connecting a sensor and arranging a measuring graduated scale, has very high guiding significance for the actual engineering design, and has the characteristics of safety, reliability and good effect.

Description

Yielding support structure and method for measuring pressure and deformation of surrounding rock
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering geology, in particular to a yielding support structure and a yielding support method for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous increase of mining depth, the number of all coal roadways and soft rock roadways is more and more, and the phenomena of loosening and damage and large deformation of surrounding rocks are more and more common. The surrounding rock supporting technology is particularly important, and in terms of a surrounding rock supporting scheme and a supporting mechanism, the purpose is to allow the surrounding rock to have certain deformation, effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, fully utilize the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, realize active supporting and ensure the stability of a yielding supporting structure.
The design of yielding support often determines the effectiveness and the service life of the yielding support structure. In the surrounding rock engineering practice of the past years, people create a plurality of supporting materials and supporting structures with yielding functions, and certain achievements are achieved in the aspect of tunnel yielding supporting, but more conceptional qualitative analysis and experimental research are focused, the research on mechanical reaction of yielding supporting is less, the pressure, the released energy and the displacement of the deformation of the surrounding rock cannot be measured in the supporting, and a better reference value cannot be achieved in the actual engineering design and calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a yielding supporting structure for measuring the pressure and deformation of surrounding rocks, which is simple in structure and reliable in work, and provides a supporting method.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a pressure yielding supporting structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation comprises a main supporting plate, an auxiliary supporting plate, a pressure yielding supporting device and a pressure and deformation measuring device, wherein the main supporting plate is inverted U-shaped, two ends of the main supporting plate are inserted into bottom surrounding rocks, the auxiliary supporting plate is inverted U-shaped and sleeved on the outer side of the main supporting plate, two ends of the auxiliary supporting plate are inserted into the bottom surrounding rocks, a plurality of small chambers are arranged on the outer side of the main supporting plate at equal intervals, a pressure yielding supporting device is arranged in each small chamber, the bottom of the pressure yielding supporting device is fixed in each small chamber, the top of the pressure yielding supporting device is fixed on the inner side of the auxiliary supporting plate, the pressure and deformation measuring device is arranged between the auxiliary supporting plate and the main U-shaped supporting plate, the outer side of the auxiliary supporting plate is in contact with the surrounding rocks and transmits the force of the external surrounding rocks to the pressure yielding supporting device, the main supporting plate is positioned below the pressure yielding device to provide supporting force for the pressure yielding supporting device, the lower part of the yielding support device is guaranteed not to deform and move.
Above-mentioned measure wall rock pressure and yielding supporting construction, it includes draw-in groove, upper padding plate, spring, lower draw-in groove, sensor, lower bolster, connecting wire to let press supporting device, the upper and lower both ends of spring are fixed respectively and are set up upper padding plate and lower bolster, and the upper padding plate is fixed in last draw-in groove, and last draw-in groove passes through
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The number screw is fixed on the inner side of the auxiliary supporting plate, the lower backing plate is fixed in the lower clamping groove, and the lower clamping groove passes through
Figure 162397DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The number screw is fixed in the small chamber outside the main support guard plate, a sensor is arranged between the lower clamping groove and the small chamber, and a connecting line at the end part of the sensor is connected with the small chamberThe controller is connected.
Above-mentioned measurement country rock pressure and yielding supporting construction, go up the draw-in groove and all be the relative setting of U type and opening with lower draw-in groove, go up the draw-in groove and all bore threaded through-hole with draw-in groove outside periphery down, the inboard is bored threaded non-and is penetrated through-hole.
Above-mentioned measure yielding supporting construction of country rock pressure and deformation, the upper padding plate is the cuboid with lower bolster, and inside has round spiral groove to flush with its upper surface, and the upper padding plate all is equipped with the embedded hexagonal screw hole of tip with lower bolster upper end, respectively with last draw-in groove and lower draw-in groove fixed connection through the embedded hexagonal screw hole of tip.
Above-mentioned let pressure supporting construction who measures country rock pressure and deformation, the sensor is the cuboid, and the sensor upper end is equipped with link up the screw thread pore and the embedded hexagonal screw thread pore that link up of tip.
Above-mentioned pressure supporting construction that lets who measures country rock pressure and deformation, the spring is cylindrical coil spring, and both ends have all been done the grinding and have been handled about.
The yielding supporting structure for measuring the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock comprises a graduated scale,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
A screw, a pressing groove, a backing plate,
Figure 449022DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The lower end of the graduated scale is used through a backing plate
Figure 74301DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The number screw is fixedly connected with the main support guard plate, the pressure groove is placed on the graduated scale and used
Figure 420969DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The number screw fixes the pressure groove and the auxiliary supporting plate.
Above-mentioned let of measuring country rock pressure and deformation and press supporting construction, the indent lower extreme corresponds with the 0mm position of scale, and the tangent line position of the point that scale and vice supporting plate align is 0mm for the initial scale of scale.
A method of bracing comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the manufacturing of the supporting plate, the supporting plate has a main supporting plate and an auxiliary supporting plate:
1-1): cutting a plurality of small chambers on the main support guard plate at equal intervals by using a milling machine, wherein the width of each small chamber is consistent with that of the main support guard plate, and a threaded hole is machined at the bottom of each small chamber by using a thread milling cutter;
1-2): selecting a U-shaped plate with the average diameter larger than that of the main protection plate as an auxiliary support plate, and processing the same number of threaded holes in the auxiliary support plate at the positions corresponding to the threaded holes of the small chambers of the main protection plate;
step two: and (3) manufacturing and installing the yielding support device: placing the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate on the same horizontal plane, selecting a spring as a pressure relief device, and grinding both ends of the spring;
2-1): placing the upper base plate in the upper clamping groove and fixing the upper base plate by using a hexagon bolt;
2-2): putting the upper end of the spring into the upper backing plate in a circle of spiral mode, and welding the spring with the external contact part of the upper backing plate;
2-3): placing the sensor into the lower clamping groove, fixing the sensor by using a hexagon bolt, connecting the lower end of the sensor with a connecting wire, then placing the lower backing plate on the sensor, and fixing the lower backing plate by using the hexagon bolt;
2-4): placing the lower end of the spring into the lower backing plate in a circle of spiral mode, welding the spring with the outer contact part of the lower backing plate, and finishing manufacturing of the pressure relief supporting device;
2-5): the yielding supporting device is placed inside the main support plate small chamber, the through hole of the lower base plate is aligned with the hole with the threads inside the main support chamber, the through hole of the upper base plate is aligned with the screw hole prefabricated by the auxiliary supporting plate, and the yielding supporting device is used for supporting the lower base plate and the auxiliary supporting plate
Figure 895812DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The upper clamping groove and the auxiliary supporting plate are fixed by a number screw
Figure 923811DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The lower clamping groove and the main support guard plate are fixed by screws;
step three: mounting a pressure and deformation measuring device;
3-1): vertically placing a main support plate and an auxiliary support plate of the yielding support device, wherein the outer part of the auxiliary support plate is in contact with the surrounding rock, and the lower ends of the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate are inserted into the surrounding rock;
3-2): the lower end of the graduated scale is attached to the surface of the main support guard plate, and a backing plate is arranged below the graduated scale for use
Figure 167711DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The number screw fixes the graduated scale and the main support guard plate through the backing plate;
3-3): the tangent line position of the point where the graduated scale is aligned with the auxiliary supporting plate is 0mm of the initial scale of the graduated scale, the indent is placed on the high-precision scale, the lower end of the indent is aligned with the initial scale of the graduated scale, and the high-precision scale is used
Figure 921165DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The pressure groove and the auxiliary supporting plate are fixed by a number screw, so that the direction of the graduated scale is fixed;
step four: and measuring the surrounding pressure deformation and the surrounding rock pressure, wherein when the data transmitted by the sensor represents the local stress of the surrounding rock in the position direction of the sensor, the reading of the graduated scale is the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock, and according to the elastic coefficients of the springs of different cells and the reading of the sensor, the pressures of different positions of the surrounding rock and the energy consumption of the surrounding rock of the yielding support device are obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the yielding support device and the pressure and deformation measuring device are arranged between the auxiliary support guard plate and the main U-shaped support guard plate, energy can be absorbed and consumed through the deformation of the high-strength spring, the change characteristics of surrounding rock pressure and the stress performance of the yielding support structure are met, the pressure, the released energy and the displacement of the surrounding rock at different moments can be obtained through connecting the sensor and arranging the measuring graduated scale, the high-strength high-pressure surrounding rock yielding support device has a very high guiding significance on the actual engineering design, and the high-strength high-pressure surrounding rock yielding support device has the characteristics of safety, reliability and good effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the yielding support structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the main tributary guard board of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the yielding support device in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper card slot in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the upper mat of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the sensor in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the pressure and deformation measuring apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the indent of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation comprises a main support plate 17, an auxiliary support plate 1, a yielding support device and a pressure and deformation measuring device, wherein the main support plate 17 is in an inverted U shape, two ends of the main support plate 17 are inserted into bottom surrounding rocks 18, the auxiliary support plate 1 is in an inverted U shape and is sleeved outside the main support plate 17, two ends of the auxiliary support plate 1 are inserted into the bottom surrounding rocks 18, a plurality of small chambers are equidistantly arranged outside the main support plate 17, a yielding support device is arranged in each small chamber, the bottoms of the yielding support devices are fixed in the small chambers, the tops of the yielding support devices are fixed inside the auxiliary support plate 1, the pressure and deformation measuring devices are arranged between the auxiliary support plate and the main U-shaped support plate, the outer side of the auxiliary support plate 1 is in contact with the surrounding rocks 18, the force of the outside surrounding rocks 18 is transmitted to the yielding support device, the main support plate 17 is positioned below the yielding support device, the support force is provided for the yielding support device, and deformation and movement of the lower part of the yielding support device are avoided.
As shown in fig. 3, the yielding support device comprises an upper clamping groove 7, an upper backing plate 8, a spring 10, a lower clamping groove 11, a sensor 12, a lower backing plate 13 and a connecting wire 15, wherein the upper and lower ends of the spring 10 are respectively and fixedly provided with the upper backing plate 8 and the lower backing plate 13, the upper backing plate 8 is fixed in the upper clamping groove 7, and the upper clamping groove 7 passes through the upper clamping groove 7
Figure 883305DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The number screw 9 is fixed on the inner side of the auxiliary supporting plate 1, the lower backing plate 13 is fixed in the lower clamping groove 11, and the lower clamping groove 11 passes through
Figure 449416DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The number screw 14 is fixed in a small chamber outside the main protection plate 17, a sensor 12 is arranged between the lower card slot 11 and the small chamber, and a connecting wire 15 at the end part of the sensor 12 is connected with a controller 16.
As shown in fig. 4, go up draw-in groove 7 and draw-in groove 11 down and all be the U type and the opening sets up relatively, bottom thickness is 60mm, goes up draw-in groove 7 and draw-in groove 11 outside periphery and all bores 4 through-going holes that have a screw thread down, and the inboard is bored 4 non-through-going holes that have a screw thread.
As shown in fig. 5, the thickness of the upper padding plate 8 and the lower padding plate 13 is 60mm, the bottom surface size is a cuboid of 210mm × 210mm, the inside of the cuboid is provided with a circle of spiral grooves with the diameter of 15mm, the spiral grooves are flush with the upper surface of the cuboid, the upper padding plate 8 and the upper end of the lower padding plate 13 are respectively provided with 4 end embedded hexagonal threaded holes, and the upper padding plate is respectively fixedly connected with the upper clamping groove 7 and the lower clamping groove 11 through the end embedded hexagonal threaded holes.
As shown in FIG. 6, the sensor 12 is a cuboid with a height of 80mm and a bottom dimension of 210mm × 210mm, and the upper end of the sensor 12 is provided with 4 through threaded holes and 4 hexagonal through threaded holes embedded in the end part.
The spring 10 is a cylindrical coil spring, and the upper end and the lower end of the spring are both ground.
As shown in FIG. 7, the pressure and deformation measuring device includes a scale 2,
Figure 813401DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
A number screw 3, a pressure groove 4, a backing plate 5,
Figure 236292DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
A number screw 6, the lower end of the graduated scale 2 is used by a backing plate 5
Figure 187193DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The number screw 6 is fixedly connected with the main protection plate 17,the pressure groove 4 is arranged on the graduated scale 2 and used
Figure 556994DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The screw 3 fixes the pressure groove 4 and the auxiliary support guard plate 1.
As shown in fig. 8, the lower end of the indent 4 corresponds to the 0mm position of the scale 2, and the tangential position of the point where the scale 2 is aligned with the sub supporting plate 1 is 0mm of the initial scale of the scale 2.
A method of bracing comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) manufacturing a supporting plate, wherein the supporting plate comprises a main supporting plate 17 and an auxiliary supporting plate 1:
1-1): cutting 26 small chambers with the same width as the main protection plate 17, the length of the small chambers is 210mm, the depth of the small chambers is 200mm on the main protection plate 17 which is 1.22m away from the end part by using a milling machine, and machining 4 threaded holes at the bottom of each small chamber by using a thread milling cutter;
1-2): selecting a U-shaped plate with the average diameter being 500mm larger and the average diameter being 500mm higher than that of the main support plate 17 as an auxiliary support plate 1, and processing the same number of threaded holes in the auxiliary support plate 1 at the positions corresponding to the small-chamber threaded holes of the main support plate 17;
step two: and (3) manufacturing and installing the yielding support device: the main supporting plate 17 and the auxiliary supporting plate 1 are placed on the same horizontal plane, and the distance between the two supporting plates is 500 mm. Selecting a high-strength spring 10 with the diameter of 15mm, the average diameter of 150mm and the height of 330mm as a pressure yielding device, and grinding both ends of the spring 10;
2-1): placing an upper base plate 8 in the upper clamping groove 7 and fixing the upper base plate by using a hexagon bolt;
2-2): putting the upper end of the spring 10 into the upper backing plate 8 in a circle of spiral, and welding the spring 10 with the external contact part of the upper backing plate 8;
2-3): placing a sensor 12 into a lower clamping groove 11, fixing the sensor by using a hexagon bolt, connecting a connecting wire 15 to the lower end of the sensor 12, then placing a lower backing plate 13 on the sensor 12, and fixing the sensor by using the hexagon bolt;
2-4): putting the lower end of the spring 10 into the lower backing plate 13 in a circle of spiral mode, and welding the outer contact part of the spring 10 and the lower backing plate 13, and at the moment, manufacturing the yielding support device;
2-5): the yielding supporting device is placed inside a small chamber of a main supporting plate 17, the through hole of the lower base plate 13 is aligned with a hole with threads inside the main supporting small chamber, the through hole of the upper base plate 8 is aligned with a screw hole prefabricated by the auxiliary supporting plate 1, and the yielding supporting device is used
Figure 509907DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The upper clamping groove 7 and the auxiliary supporting plate 1 are fixed by a number screw 9
Figure 369278DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The lower clamping groove 11 and the main supporting plate 17 are fixed by a screw 14;
step three: mounting a pressure and deformation measuring device;
3-1): vertically placing a main support guard plate 17 and an auxiliary support guard plate 1 of the installed yielding support device, wherein the outer part of the auxiliary support guard plate 1 is in contact with surrounding rock 18, and the lower ends of the main support guard plate 17 and the auxiliary support guard plate 1 are both inserted into the surrounding rock 18 and the depth is 1.2 m;
3-2): the lower end of the graduated scale 2 is attached to the surface of the main protection plate 17, and the backing plate 5 is arranged below the graduated scale 2 for use
Figure 40431DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The scale 2 and the main protection plate 17 are fixed by a screw 3 through a backing plate 5;
3-3): the tangent line position of the point where the graduated scale 2 is aligned with the auxiliary supporting plate 1 is 0mm of the initial scale of the graduated scale 2, the indent 4 is placed on the high-precision scale, the lower end of the indent 4 is aligned with the initial scale of the graduated scale 2, and the use is carried out
Figure 777705DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The set screw 3 fixes the pressure groove 4 and the auxiliary supporting guard plate 1, and the direction of the graduated scale 2 is ensured to be fixed;
step four: and (3) measuring the deformation of the surrounding rock and the pressure of the surrounding rock 18, and when the data transmitted by the sensor 12 represents the local stress of the surrounding rock 18 in the position direction of the sensor 12, reading the scale 2 as the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock 18. According to the elastic coefficient k of different chamber springs 10, the reading F of the sensor 12 and the sensorBasal area
Figure 850703DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
From the formula
Figure 818659DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Obtaining pressures P of different positions of the surrounding rock 18; law of hooke's law
Figure 977108DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The displacement x of the surrounding rock 18 at each pressure relief device position is obtained, and the strain energy of the spring 10 is
Figure 751029DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
W is equal to the amount of energy consumed by the yielding support device in the surrounding rock 18.

Claims (9)

1.一种测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：包括主支护板、副支护板、让压支护装置、压力和变形测量装置，所述主支护板呈倒U形，主支护板两端插入底部围岩中，副支护板呈倒U形且套设于主支护板外侧，副支护板两端插入底部围岩中，主支护板外侧等距离布置若干个小室，每个小室中设置一个让压支护装置，让压支护装置底部固定在小室中，让压支护装置顶部固定在副支护板内侧，副支护板和主U型支护板之间设有压力和变形测量装置，副支护板外侧与周边围岩接触，并把外界围岩的力传输给让压支护装置，主支护板位于让压支护装置下方，为让压支护装置提供支撑力，保证让压支护装置下方不发生变形移动。1. a pressure-yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation, characterized in that: comprising a main support plate, a secondary support plate, a pressure-yielding support device, a pressure and deformation measuring device, the main support plate It is in an inverted U shape, the two ends of the main support plate are inserted into the bottom surrounding rock, the auxiliary support plate is in an inverted U shape and is sleeved on the outside of the main support plate, and both ends of the auxiliary support plate are inserted into the bottom surrounding rock. A number of chambers are arranged at equal distances on the outside of the plate, and a pressure support device is set in each chamber, so that the bottom of the pressure support device is fixed in the chamber, and the top of the pressure support device is fixed on the inner side of the auxiliary support plate. There is a pressure and deformation measuring device between the main U-shaped support plate and the auxiliary support plate. Below the support device, it provides a supporting force for the pressure support device to ensure that the pressure support device does not deform and move under the pressure support device. 2.根据权利要求1所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述让压支护装置包括上卡槽、上垫板、弹簧、下卡槽、传感器、下垫板、连接线，所述弹簧的上下两端分别固定设置上垫板和下垫板，上垫板固定在上卡槽中，上卡槽通过
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
号螺丝固定在副支护板内侧，下垫板固定在下卡槽中，下卡槽通过
Figure 62083DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
号螺丝固定在主支护板外侧的小室中，所述下卡槽与小室之间设有传感器，传感器端部的连接线与控制器连接。2. The pressure yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 1, wherein the pressure yielding support device comprises an upper clamping slot, an upper backing plate, a spring, a lower clamping slot, a sensor, A lower backing plate and a connecting line, the upper and lower ends of the spring are respectively fixed with an upper backing plate and a lower backing plate, the upper backing plate is fixed in the upper card slot, and the upper card slot passes through
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
No. 1 screw is fixed on the inner side of the auxiliary support plate, the lower backing plate is fixed in the lower card slot, and the lower card slot passes through
Figure 62083DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The No. 1 screw is fixed in the small chamber outside the main support plate, a sensor is arranged between the lower card slot and the small chamber, and the connecting wire at the end of the sensor is connected with the controller. 3.根据权利要求2所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述上卡槽和下卡槽均呈U型且开口相对设置，上卡槽和下卡槽外侧周边均钻有带螺纹的贯穿孔洞，内侧钻有带螺纹的非贯穿孔洞。3. The pressure-yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper clamping groove and the lower clamping groove are both U-shaped and the openings are oppositely arranged, and the upper clamping groove and the lower clamping groove are both U-shaped and arranged oppositely. The outer periphery of the groove is drilled with threaded through holes, and the inner side is drilled with threaded non-through holes. 4.根据权利要求3所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述上垫板与下垫板均为长方体，内部有一圈螺旋形槽与其上表面齐平，上垫板与下垫板上端均设有端部内嵌六角螺纹孔，通过端部内嵌六角螺纹孔分别与上卡槽和下卡槽固定连接。4. The pressure-yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are both rectangular parallelepipeds, and there is a spiral groove inside which is flush with its upper surface The upper and lower backing plates are provided with end-embedded hexagonal threaded holes, which are respectively fixedly connected to the upper card slot and the lower card slot through the end-embedded hexagonal threaded holes. 5.根据权利要求4所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述传感器为长方体，传感器上端设有贯通螺纹孔道和端部内嵌六角贯通螺纹孔道。5 . The pressure yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 4 , wherein the sensor is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the upper end of the sensor is provided with a through threaded hole and an end embedded hexagonal through threaded hole. 6 . 6.根据权利要求5所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述弹簧为圆柱形螺旋弹簧，上下两端均做了研磨处理。6 . The pressure-yielding support structure for measuring the pressure and deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 5 , wherein the spring is a cylindrical coil spring, and both upper and lower ends are ground. 7 . 7.根据权利要求6所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述压力和变形测量装置包括刻度尺、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
号螺丝、压槽、垫板、
Figure 949399DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
号螺丝，刻度尺下端通过垫板使用
Figure 680594DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
号螺丝与主支护板固定连接，压槽放置于刻度尺上，并使用
Figure 736275DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
号螺丝将压槽与副支护板固定。7. The pressure-yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 6, wherein the pressure and deformation measuring device comprises a scale,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
No. screw, groove, backing plate,
Figure 949399DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
No. screw, the lower end of the scale is used through the backing plate
Figure 680594DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The No. 1 screw is fixedly connected to the main support plate, the pressure groove is placed on the scale, and the
Figure 736275DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
No. screw to fix the pressure groove and the auxiliary support plate. 8.根据权利要求7所述的测量围岩压力和变形的让压支护结构，其特征在于：所述压槽下端与刻度尺的0mm位置对应，刻度尺与副支护板对齐的点的切线位置为刻度尺的初始刻度0mm。8. The pressure-yielding support structure for measuring surrounding rock pressure and deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that: the lower end of the pressure groove corresponds to the 0mm position of the scale, and the point where the scale is aligned with the auxiliary support plate The position of the tangent line is the initial scale 0mm of the scale. 9.一种基于权利要求8所述的让压支护结构的支护方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：9. a support method based on the pressure yielding support structure according to claim 8, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤一：支护板的制作，支护板有主支护板和副支护板：Step 1: The production of the support plate, the support plate has the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate: 1-1）：用铣床在主支护板上，等距离切割若干个小室，小室的宽度与主支护板一致，在每个小室底部用螺纹铣刀加工出带螺纹的孔洞；1-1): Use a milling machine to cut several cells at equal distances on the main support plate, the width of the cells is the same as that of the main support board, and use a thread milling cutter to machine a threaded hole at the bottom of each cell; 1-2）：选取平均直径比主支护板大的U型板为副支护板，并在副支护板内部与主支护板小室螺纹孔洞对应位置加工相同个数的螺纹孔洞；1-2): Select the U-shaped plate with a larger average diameter than the main support plate as the auxiliary support plate, and process the same number of threaded holes in the interior of the auxiliary support plate and the corresponding position of the threaded holes in the main support plate cell; 步骤二：让压支护装置的制作与安装：将主支护板和副支护板放置于同一水平面，选取弹簧为让压装置，弹簧两端皆进行研磨处理；Step 2: Fabrication and installation of the let-pressure support device: place the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate on the same horizontal plane, select the spring as the let-pressure device, and grind both ends of the spring; 2-1）：将上垫板放置于上卡槽内，用六角螺栓固定；2-1): Place the upper backing plate in the upper card slot and fix it with hexagon bolts; 2-2）：把弹簧的上端一圈螺旋放入上垫板中，并将弹簧与上垫板外部接触部分进行焊接；2-2): Put one turn of the upper end of the spring into the upper backing plate, and weld the spring with the outer contact part of the upper backing plate; 2-3）：将传感器放入下卡槽内，用六角螺栓固定，传感器下端相连有连接线，然后将下垫板置于传感器上面，同样用六角螺栓固定；2-3): Put the sensor into the lower card slot, fix it with hexagonal bolts, the lower end of the sensor is connected with a connecting wire, and then place the bottom plate on the sensor, and also fix it with hexagonal bolts; 2-4）：把弹簧的下端一圈螺旋放入下垫板中，并将弹簧与下垫板外部接触部分进行焊接，此时让压支护装置制作完成；2-4): Put the lower end of the spring into the bottom plate, and weld the spring with the outer contact part of the bottom plate. At this time, the pressure support device is completed; 2-5）：将让压支护装置放置于主支护板小室内部，并保证下垫板的贯穿孔洞与主支护小室内部带螺纹的孔洞对齐，上垫板的贯穿孔洞与副支护板预制的螺孔对齐，用
Figure 54386DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
号螺丝将上卡槽与副支护板固定，用
Figure 916032DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
号螺丝将下卡槽与主支护板固定；2-5): Place the pressure letting support device inside the main support plate compartment, and ensure that the through hole of the lower plate is aligned with the threaded hole inside the main support compartment, and the through hole of the upper plate is aligned with the auxiliary support plate. The prefabricated screw holes on the board are aligned with
Figure 54386DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Fix the upper card slot and the auxiliary support plate with screws
Figure 916032DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
screws to fix the lower card slot and the main support plate; 步骤三：压力和变形测量装置的安装；Step 3: Installation of pressure and deformation measuring device; 3-1）：将安装好让压支护装置的主支护板和副支护板竖直放置，副支护板外部与围岩接触，主支护板和副支护板下端均插入围岩中；3-1): Place the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate installed with the pressure support device vertically, the outside of the auxiliary support plate is in contact with the surrounding rock, and the lower ends of the main support plate and the auxiliary support plate are inserted into the surrounding rock. in the rock; 3-2）：将刻度尺下端贴合放置于主支护板表面，在刻度尺下方放置垫板，用
Figure 501734DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
号螺丝通过垫板将刻度尺和主支护板固定；3-2): Place the lower end of the scale on the surface of the main support plate, place a backing plate under the scale, and use
Figure 501734DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The scale and the main support plate are fixed by the No. screw through the backing plate; 3-3）：刻度尺与副支护板对齐的点的切线位置为刻度尺的初始刻度0mm，将压槽放置于高精度尺上面，压槽下端与刻度尺初始刻度对齐，并使用
Figure 557677DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
号螺丝将压槽与副支护板固定，保证刻度尺的方向固定；3-3): The tangent position of the point where the scale is aligned with the auxiliary support plate is the initial scale of the scale 0mm, place the pressure groove on the high-precision scale, and align the lower end of the pressure groove with the initial scale of the scale, and use
Figure 557677DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
No. 1 screw to fix the pressure groove and the auxiliary support plate to ensure that the direction of the scale is fixed; 步骤四：测量围压变形和围岩压力，当传感器传出的数据表示传感器位置方向的围岩局部应力的大小，刻度尺的读数为围岩变形位移的大小，根据不同小室弹簧的弹性系数以及传感器的读数，得到围岩不同位置的压力以及让压支护装置消耗围岩能量的大小。Step 4: Measure the confining pressure deformation and the surrounding rock pressure. When the data transmitted by the sensor indicates the local stress of the surrounding rock in the direction of the sensor position, the reading of the scale is the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock. According to the elastic coefficient of different cell springs and From the readings of the sensor, the pressure at different positions of the surrounding rock and the energy consumption of the surrounding rock by the pressure support device can be obtained.
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