CN113186953A - Distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device, system and working method - Google Patents

Distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device, system and working method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113186953A
CN113186953A CN202110497429.6A CN202110497429A CN113186953A CN 113186953 A CN113186953 A CN 113186953A CN 202110497429 A CN202110497429 A CN 202110497429A CN 113186953 A CN113186953 A CN 113186953A
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China
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water
metal
railway roadbed
metal ball
protection device
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CN113186953B (en
Inventor
林森
贲礼进
曹莹
张新亮
陈海元
许广威
金嘉豪
谷陈刚
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Nantong Textile Vocational Technology College
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Nantong Textile Vocational Technology College
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Abstract

The invention relates to a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device, a system and a working method, wherein the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device comprises the following steps: the steel ball type road comprises a railway roadbed, broken stones, metal balls and a permafrost layer, wherein the railway roadbed is positioned on the permafrost layer, the broken stones cover the outer sides of side slopes on two sides of the railway roadbed, and the metal balls cover the outer sides of the broken stones; a plurality of metal balls are connected through primary and secondary connecting buckles on the outer layer surface of the ball body and are in accordance with each other, the outer layer of the metal ball body is micro-grid metal, a moisture channel and a heat storage space are arranged on the inner layer, and water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal are carried out aiming at moisture appearing around the plateau railway roadbed slope by utilizing the roughness of the outer layer surface of the metal ball body, the capillary effect of the honeycomb knot-shaped structure and the energy storage effect of the heat storage space. Meanwhile, the working method of the protection device and the system is provided. The invention can be widely applied to protecting the side slope of the railway roadbed in the plateau frozen soil environment, and by utilizing clean energy, adopting intelligent materials and selecting a reasonable structure, the erosion of water permeation to the side slope of the roadbed and the permafrost layer below the side slope of the roadbed is weakened, so that the protection effect of the side slope of the plateau railway roadbed is improved, and the stability of the frozen soil at the periphery of the plateau railway roadbed is enhanced.

Description

Distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device, system and working method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar photo-thermal utilization and wind energy utilization, and particularly relates to a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device, system and working method.
Background
The third pole of the world of Qinghai-Tibet plateau squat, its geographical location and its importance: from a strategic perspective, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau backs to the abdominal land of China, overloads the south Asia continent, has both attack and defense, and can freely advance and retreat; from the ecological perspective, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau blocks the attack of dry and hot monsoon from the Pacific ocean and the Indian ocean, creates favorable conditions for abundant rainfall in southwest provinces and middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China, and avoids the desertification of the national soil.
With the increasing strength of our country, the connection and communication between the Tibet and its surrounding areas is becoming more and more compact and frequent, so how to better solve the traffic problem in Tibet areas is urgent. To date, the planned routes of the railway are five: respectively the built Qinghai-Tibet line, the built Chuan-Tibet line and the Dian-Tibet line, the Gannan Tibet line and the New Tibet line in exploration. However, whether the water enters the Qinghai-Tibet plateau from Qinghai and Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Xinjiang, the water inevitably meets the rich water resources of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, or the liquid water appears in the forms of rivers, lakes, hot melt lakes, surface precipitation and the like, or the solid water appears in the forms of glaciers, frozen soil and the like, along with the further increase of global warming and humidifying, the distribution of the liquid water and even the gaseous water in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau becomes more and more extensive, and the distribution influence range of the liquid water and even the gaseous water also includes the railway subgrade in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
At present, to the peripheral protective measures of frozen soil of plateau railway roadbed to the road bed side slope angle is the access point, mainly is: the adverse effect of heat penetration on the frozen soil is weakened. In terms of railway roadbed, the upper limit of a frozen soil layer below the railway roadbed is lifted by mainly utilizing the heat diode effect of the rubble ventilation roadbed combined with the rubble ventilation slope protection, so that the effect of stabilizing the frozen soil layer is achieved. However, as solid water in Qinghai-Tibet plateau is continuously ablated, liquid water and even gaseous water are continuously increased, and adverse effects of water permeation on frozen soil are increasingly revealed. Therefore, around the railway roadbed, the gaseous water is captured and liquefied by utilizing the rugged rough surface formed by combining the primary and secondary connecting buckles on the metal balls with the micro-grid metal honeycomb structure; the liquefied water is dispersedly absorbed and stored by utilizing the internal spaces of a plurality of metal balls which are connected and are mutually dependent and contacted, the spatial precipitation is intercepted and stored layer by layer from top to bottom, and the surface accumulated water is extracted and stored layer by layer from bottom to top; meanwhile, the heat storage material is utilized to absorb solar radiation heat, and the heat storage material and the wind energy are combined to provide energy for promoting evaporation and dissipation of the stored water in the metal ball, so that the heat permeation of the railway roadbed side slope and the permafrost layer below the railway roadbed side slope is weakened singly in the conventional plateau frozen soil environment, the weakening of the water permeation is simultaneously superposed, the two pipes are arranged, the protection effect of the plateau railway roadbed side slope is further improved, and the stability of the frozen soil at the periphery of the plateau railway roadbed is enhanced.
In addition, if only the bank protection rubble on the side slope surface of railway roadbed both sides, the rubble rigidity is high, and it is changeed and receives the influence of train load and weathering erosion, shifts, peels off, reduces the bank protection effect. By covering the outer sides of the broken stones with a plurality of metal balls, the super elasticity of the shape memory alloy primary-secondary connecting buckles among the metal balls and the cellular structure of the micro-grid metal on the outer layers of the metal balls can absorb more external energy such as train load and the like compared with the broken stones, so that the side slope protection effect of the broken stones combined with the metal balls has both rigidity and flexibility, and the protection performance is enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device and system, wherein a plurality of metal balls are connected and depended by primary and secondary connecting buckles on the outer layer surface of a ball body and are contacted with each other, the heat energy is stored by using a honeycomb structure of micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the ball body, a water channel on the inner layer of the ball body and a heat storage material for coupling, the energy is provided for promoting the evaporation and dissipation of water through solar energy and wind energy, the roughness of the outer layer surface of the metal ball body, the capillary effect of the honeycomb structure and the energy storage effect of a heat storage space are comprehensively utilized, water collection, water suction, water storage and water removal are jointly performed on the water appearing around the plateau railway roadbed slope, the erosion of the water permeation to the roadbed slope and a frozen soil layer below the roadbed slope is weakened, and the protection effect of the plateau railway roadbed slope is improved, the stability of frozen soil around the plateau railway roadbed is enhanced.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device which comprises a railway roadbed, broken stones, metal balls and a permafrost layer; the railway roadbed is located perennial frozen soil layer top, the rubble covers in the railway roadbed both sides slope outside, the metal ball includes a plurality of, a plurality of the metal ball covers in the rubble outside, the metal ball is each other through the outer surperficial son of metal ball and box fixed connection.
Further, the gravel is irregular-shaped massive gravel.
Furthermore, the metal ball comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner layer spherical surface and the outer layer spherical surface have the same spherical center.
Further, the outer layer of the metal ball is micro-grid metal; the connecting buttons on the outer surface of the single metal ball are all sub buttons in the primary and secondary connecting buttons or are all female buttons in the primary and secondary connecting buttons.
Furthermore, the number of the sub buttons or the female buttons on the outer layer surface of each metal ball is 6, the great circle in each metal ball is respectively provided with 1 sub button or female button on the quartering point, and two end points of the diameter of the ball perpendicular to the plane where the great circle is located are respectively provided with 1 sub button or female button.
Furthermore, a plurality of tubes are distributed on the inner layer of the metal ball, openings at two ends of each tube are positioned on the spherical surface of the inner layer of the metal ball, holes are distributed at the openings, and a plurality of absorbent stones are arranged in the tubes; in the inner layer of the metal ball, heat storage materials are stored in the closed space except the tubes, the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball is not completely filled with the heat storage materials, and the heat storage materials have the characteristics of high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, low freezing point and environmental friendliness.
Furthermore, the male button and the female button on the surface of the outer layer of the metal ball are both made of shape memory alloy materials, and the shape memory alloy forming the male and female connecting buttons has large inertia when mutual phase transformation occurs between high-temperature phase austenite and low-temperature phase martensite, namely the speed of mutual phase transformation between the high-temperature phase austenite and the low-temperature phase martensite is low; the high-temperature phase change memory temperature of the shape memory alloy primary-secondary connecting buckle is more than 5 ℃ lower than the daily minimum temperature of the area where the protection device is located for nearly 10 years.
Furthermore, the metal material forming the metal ball and the shape memory alloy material forming the primary-secondary connecting fastener on the outer surface of the metal ball both have good corrosion resistance and ductility, and no cold brittleness phenomenon occurs at low temperature.
The invention also discloses a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection system which comprises the following steps: the metal balls in the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device are continuously distributed on the slopes on the two sides of the plateau railway roadbed, are connected and linked through the primary and secondary connecting buckles and are in contact with each other, the honeycomb structure of the metal balls on the outer layers of the metal balls and the moisture channels on the inner layers of the metal balls are coupled with the heat storage material to collect, draw, store and remove water for the moisture around the plateau railway roadbed slope.
The invention also discloses a working method of the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection system, which comprises the following steps:
collecting water:
aiming at gaseous moisture existing in the surrounding environment of the plateau railway roadbed slope, a rough surface with unevenness of the metal ball is formed by utilizing a convex connecting buckle on the outer layer surface of the metal ball and local unevenness of the metal ball which is formed by mutual extrusion of a small hole group and the metal ball distributed in the outer layer of the metal ball which are formed by micro-lattice metal under the self weight, and when the gaseous moisture passes through the rough surface of the metal ball, water molecules are blocked, captured and aggregated into liquid water;
drawing water:
aiming at the surface water accumulated at the bottom of the plateau railway roadbed slope, a water sucking channel from bottom to top is formed by utilizing the capillary effect through the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball with the same honeycomb structure and the water absorbing stones in the array pipes on the inner layer of the metal ball; the surface ponding water is promoted to continuously enter the protection device and the system through the layer-by-layer relay of a plurality of metal balls which are mutually contacted and connected through the primary and secondary connecting buckles, and the surface ponding water is continuously reduced, so that the surface ponding water is prevented from developing into a micro hot melt pond, and the surface ponding area is prevented from being continuously enlarged;
thirdly, water storage:
aiming at liquid water under the water collecting effect and space rainfall from top to bottom, under the capillary effect and the gravity effect, moisture enters the interior of the metal sphere and is absorbed and stored by the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal sphere with a honeycomb porous structure and the absorbent stone in the shell and tube of the inner layer of the metal sphere; aiming at surface water accumulated from bottom to top under the water drawing effect, under the capillary effect, water enters the interior of the metal ball body and is absorbed and stored by the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball and the water absorption stones in the tubes on the inner layer of the metal ball;
fourthly, dewatering:
the heat storage material in the enclosed space of the inner layer of the metal ball absorbs and stores the heat energy of solar radiation in sunny day; in sunny days and cloudy days and clear nights in cloudy or cloudy days, the heat stored in the heat storage material is released outwards, heat energy required for promoting evaporation and gasification of the heat storage material is provided for the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball and the water stored in the tubulation water absorption stone on the inner layer of the metal ball under the action of water storage, and the gasified water is accelerated to separate from the region where the roadbed slope is located under the action of wind energy and is dissipated into the environment, so that the evaporation and water removal speed is further increased.
Has the advantages that: the invention is based on the slope protection gravels on the two sides of the prior plateau railway roadbed, metal balls are coated outside, a plurality of metal balls are connected and linked, contacted with each other and coupled with each other through the son-mother connecting buttons on the outer layer surface of the ball body, the honeycomb structure of the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the ball body, the moisture channel and the heat storage material in the inner layer of the ball body to store heat energy, the energy is provided for promoting the water evaporation and dissipation through solar energy and wind energy, the roughness of the outer layer surface of the metal sphere, the capillary effect of the honeycomb knot-shaped structure and the energy storage effect of the heat storage space are comprehensively utilized, water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal are carried out on the water around the plateau railway roadbed slope, the erosion of the water permeation to the roadbed slope and the permafrost layer below the roadbed slope is weakened, therefore, the protection effect of the plateau railway roadbed slope is improved, and the stability of frozen soil at the periphery of the plateau railway roadbed is enhanced;
specifically, the slopes on two sides of the plateau railway roadbed are sequentially covered with the massive crushed stones and the metal balls from inside to outside, and inevitable gaps exist among the irregular-shaped massive crushed stones, the regular-shaped metal balls and the crushed stones and the metal balls, so that a channel is provided for hot air escape and cold air sinking, and a slope protection effect similar to that when only the crushed stones are covered can be achieved from the heat control angle; in addition, the irregular-shaped massive crushed stones have more edges and corners than the flaky crushed stones, so that the occlusion degree between the irregular-shaped massive crushed stones and the metal balls covered on the irregular-shaped massive crushed stones is improved;
6 connecting buttons or all the connecting buttons on the surface of the outer layer of the metal ball and the micro-grid metal honeycomb structure on the outer layer of the metal ball form a rough surface with concave and uneven surfaces of the metal ball, so that gaseous moisture around a roadbed slope can be captured more easily, and the gas moisture is promoted to be liquefied; the metal balls intercept the space precipitation layer by layer from top to bottom; under the action of capillary effect, the water accumulated on the bottom of the roadbed slope is sucked from bottom to top by the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal balls with the same honeycomb structure and the water absorbing stones in the tubes on the inner layer of the metal balls. The liquefied moisture, trapped moisture, and drawn moisture are stored inside the metal ball. The heat storage material in the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball absorbs and stores solar radiation heat and is used for promoting liquid water to evaporate, and gaseous water formed by evaporation is accelerated to dissipate into the environment under the action of wind energy;
the shape memory alloy forming the primary-secondary connecting buckle has large inertia when the high-temperature-phase austenite and the low-temperature-phase martensite are subjected to mutual phase transformation, namely, the speed of the mutual phase transformation between the high-temperature-phase austenite and the low-temperature-phase martensite is low, meanwhile, the high-temperature phase transformation memory temperature is set to be more than 5 ℃ lower than the daily minimum temperature of the region where the protection device is located within nearly 10 years, and the phase transformation inertia and the superelasticity of the shape memory alloy are comprehensively utilized, so that compared with simply stacked blocky gravels, the metal balls which are connected with each other and are in contact with each other through the shape memory alloy primary-secondary connecting buckle are coupled into a firmer plateau railway roadbed slope protection system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view block diagram of the protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of buttons on the outer surface of the metal ball monomer in the protection device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the snap buttons on the outer surface of the metal ball monomer in the protection device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal sphere monolith in the protective device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the inner shell tubes of the metal ball monomers in the protection device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device comprises a railway roadbed 1, broken stones 2, metal balls 3 and a permafrost layer 4; railway roadbed 1 is located 4 tops of perennial frozen soil layer, 2 covers in the railway roadbed 1 both sides side slope outside of rubble, metal ball 3 includes a plurality of, a plurality of 3 covers in 2 outsides of rubble of metal ball, metal ball 3 detains 5 and 6 fixed connection of box through the son on 3 outer surfaces of metal ball each other.
In this embodiment, the crushed stone 2 is preferably an irregularly shaped massive crushed stone.
As shown in fig. 4, preferably, the metal ball 3 includes an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner layer spherical surface and the outer layer spherical surface have the same spherical center. Further, the outer layer of the metal ball 3 is micro-grid metal 7. As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the connecting buttons on the outer surface of the single metal ball 3 are all the male buttons 5 or 6 of the male and female connecting buttons; furthermore, the number of the sub buttons 5 or the female buttons 6 on the outer layer surface of each metal ball 3 is preferably 6, the great circle in each metal ball 3 is provided with 1 sub button 5 or female button 6 at the quartering point, and the two end points of the ball diameter perpendicular to the plane where the great circle is located are provided with 1 sub button 5 or female button 6.
In this embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of tubes 8 are distributed on the inner layer of the metal ball 3, openings at two ends of each tube 8 are located on the spherical surface of the inner layer of the metal ball 3, the openings are distributed with holes, and a plurality of absorbent stones 9 are arranged inside the tubes 8; in the inner layer of the metal ball 3, a heat storage material 10 is stored in the closed space except for the tube nest 8, the heat storage material 10 is not completely filled in the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball 3, and the heat storage material 10 has the characteristics of high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, low freezing point and environmental friendliness.
In this embodiment, preferably, the male and female fasteners 5 and 6 on the outer surface of the metal ball 3 are made of shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy forming the male and female connection fastener has large inertia when the high-temperature phase austenite and the low-temperature phase martensite are transformed into each other, that is, the mutual transformation speed between the high-temperature phase austenite and the low-temperature phase martensite is slow; the high-temperature phase change memory temperature of the shape memory alloy primary-secondary connecting buckle is more than 5 ℃ lower than the daily minimum temperature of the area where the protection device is located for nearly 10 years.
In this embodiment, the metal material of the metal ball 3 and the shape memory alloy material of the primary-secondary connection fastener on the outer surface of the metal ball 3 both have good corrosion resistance and ductility, and no cold brittleness phenomenon occurs at low temperature.
The invention discloses a distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection system which comprises the following steps: the metal balls 3 in the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device are continuously distributed on the slopes on the two sides of the plateau railway roadbed, are connected and linked through the primary and secondary connecting buckles and are in contact with each other, and the honeycomb structure of the metal ball outer layer micro-grid metal 7, the water channel on the ball inner layer and the heat storage material 10 are utilized to store heat energy for coupling, so that water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal are performed for the water which appears around the plateau railway roadbed slope.
The specific principle of the plateau railway roadbed slope protection device and system is as follows:
firstly, in material view: in the plateau railway roadbed slope protection device and system, all the outer metal ball layers are made of micro-lattice metal, and all the primary and secondary connecting buckles which play a connecting role on the surfaces of the outer metal ball layers are made of shape memory alloy materials. Meanwhile, the metal material forming the metal ball and the shape memory alloy material forming the primary and secondary connecting fastener on the outer layer surface of the metal ball both have good corrosion resistance and ductility, and no cold brittleness phenomenon occurs at low temperature, so that the structural stability of the side slope protection device and the system using the metal ball as a main component is ensured.
Firstly, a metal ball: the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball is combined with the tubes distributed on the inner layer of the metal ball to form a directional channel for the water to move in the metal ball. The outer layer of the metal spheres is in contact with the micro-grid metal, and moisture migrates among different metal spheres through the capillary effect of the mutually contacted micro-grid metal honeycomb-shaped porous structure. Meanwhile, the honeycomb structure of the metal ball outer layer micro-grid metal can absorb more external energy such as train load and the like than broken stone, so that the broken stone and metal ball combined slope protection effect has both rigidity and flexibility.
The primary and secondary connecting buckles: the number of the male buttons or the female buttons on the outer surface of the metal ball is 6, and the male buttons or the female buttons are connected with the adjacent metal balls in different dimensions from up and down, left and right and front and back. The high-temperature phase change memory temperature of the primary and secondary connecting buckles is set to be more than 5 ℃ lower than the daily minimum temperature of the protection device in the region of 10 years, and the primary and secondary buckles made of the shape memory alloy are programmed in shape respectively to remember that when the primary and secondary buckles are in high-temperature austenite phase: the son is in the volume expansion state, and the box is in capacity shrink state, and the volume of son promptly detains the volume that should be greater than the box, and son and box are closely interlock the parcel together. The male buckle and the female buckle are put into the female buckle when the martensite is in the low-temperature phase, and enter a high-temperature phase change state once the male buckle and the female buckle are placed on two sides of a roadbed slope, so that heat is continuously absorbed from the surrounding environment of the roadbed slope, solar radiation heat energy and heat storage material release heat energy. Meanwhile, due to the superelasticity of the shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy snap-fit connection buckle can bear stress from the outside and can automatically recover compared with the common connection mode, so that stable connection is continuously maintained.
Secondly, in terms of functions (working methods): the plateau railway roadbed slope protection device and the plateau railway roadbed slope protection system are divided into four action types of water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal according to different actions aiming at water.
The water collecting function:
aiming at gaseous moisture existing in the surrounding environment of the plateau railway roadbed slope, the uneven rough surface of the metal ball is formed by utilizing the convex connecting buckles on the outer layer surface of the metal ball and the local unevenness of the metal ball and the small hole groups distributed in the outer layer of the metal ball formed by the micro-grid metal under the extrusion of the self weight of the metal ball, and when the gaseous moisture passes through, compared with the smooth surface, water molecules are more easily blocked, captured and aggregated into liquid water.
The water drawing function:
aiming at the surface water accumulated at the bottom of the plateau railway roadbed slope, a water sucking channel from bottom to top is formed by utilizing the capillary effect through the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball with the same honeycomb structure and the water absorbing stones in the array pipes on the inner layer of the metal ball; and then the metal balls which are mutually contacted are connected through the primary and secondary connecting buckles in a mutual dependence and are in layer-by-layer relay, so that the surface water continuously enters the protection device and the system, and the surface water is continuously reduced, thereby preventing the surface water from developing into a micro hot-melt pond and avoiding the surface water area from continuously expanding.
③ Water storage:
aiming at liquid water under the action of water collection and space rainfall from top to bottom, under the action of capillary effect and gravity, water enters the interior of the metal sphere and is absorbed and stored by the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal sphere with a honeycomb porous structure and the absorbent stone in the shell and tube of the inner layer of the metal sphere; aiming at surface water accumulated from bottom to top under the water drawing effect, under the capillary effect, water enters the interior of the metal ball body and is absorbed and stored by the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball and the water absorbing stones in the tubulations on the inner layer of the metal ball.
Fourthly, water removal:
because the metal material is a good conductor for heat transfer and the characteristics of high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, low freezing point and environmental friendliness of the heat storage material, the heat storage material in the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball fully absorbs and stores the heat energy of solar radiation in sunny days in the daytime, and even if a small amount of gas expands between the heat storage material and the heat storage material, the space which is not fully filled with the heat storage material in the metal ball can be accommodated. In sunny days and cloudy days and clear nights in cloudy or cloudy days, the heat stored in the heat storage material is released outwards, heat energy required for promoting evaporation and gasification of the heat storage material is provided for the micro-grid metal on the outer layer of the metal ball and the water stored in the tubulation water absorption stone on the inner layer of the metal ball under the action of water storage, and the gasified water is accelerated to separate from the region where the roadbed slope is located under the action of wind energy and is dissipated into the environment, so that the evaporation and water removal speed is further increased.
Thirdly, viewed from the whole: the metal balls which are mutually contacted are stacked layer by connecting adjacent metal balls through the primary and secondary connecting buckles, and the adjacent outer layer honeycomb structure micro-grid metal is combined with the inner layer moisture channel to provide coupling for the migration of moisture among all the metal balls; the heat storage material on the inner layer of the metal balls stores heat energy, and provides coupling for the transfer of the heat energy among all the metal balls through the heat conductivity of the metal materials on the inner layer and the outer layer. Therefore, the effects of water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal of the single metal ball are diffused and distributed to all the metal balls at two sides of the slope of the plateau railway roadbed, and the water around the slope of the plateau railway roadbed in the frozen soil environment is controlled together.
The plateau railway roadbed slope water collecting and storing device adopts the railway roadbed, broken stones, metal balls and a permafrost layer, utilizes uneven rough surfaces of the metal balls to collect water, utilizes capillary effects generated by micro-grid metals and water absorbing stones which also have the characteristic of a honeycomb structure to combine with the action of gravity to draw water and store water, utilizes solar energy and wind energy to provide energy for promoting water evaporation, dissipation and removal, and carries out water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal aiming at water appearing around a plateau railway roadbed slope together, so that erosion of water permeation to the roadbed slope and the permafrost layer below the roadbed slope is weakened, the protection effect of the plateau railway roadbed slope is improved, and the stability of permafrost around the plateau railway roadbed is enhanced.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a distributing type solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed side slope protection device which characterized in that: comprises a railway roadbed (1), broken stones (2), metal balls (3) and a permafrost layer (4); railway roadbed (1) is located permafrost layer (4) top, rubble (2) cover in railway roadbed (1) both sides slope outside, metal ball (3) include a plurality of, a plurality of metal ball (3) cover in rubble (2) outside, metal ball (3) are detained (5) and box (6) fixed connection through the son on metal ball (3) outer layer surface each other.
2. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the gravel (2) is a block-shaped gravel with an irregular shape.
3. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the metal ball (3) comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner layer spherical surface and the outer layer spherical surface have the same spherical center.
4. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the outer layer of the metal ball (3) is micro-grid metal (7); the connecting buttons on the outer layer surface of the single metal ball (3) are all sub buttons (5) in the primary and secondary connecting buttons or are all female buttons (6) in the primary and secondary connecting buttons.
5. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 4, wherein the side slope protection device comprises: the number of the sub buttons (5) or the female buttons (6) on the outer layer surface of each metal ball (3) is 6, the great circle in each metal ball (3) is respectively provided with 1 sub button (5) or female button (6) on the quartering point, and two end points of the diameter of the ball perpendicular to the plane where the great circle is located are respectively provided with 1 sub button (5) or female button (6).
6. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a plurality of tubes (8) are distributed on the inner layer of the metal ball (3), openings at two ends of each tube (8) are positioned on the spherical surface of the inner layer of the metal ball (3), holes are distributed at the openings, and a plurality of absorbent stones (9) are arranged in the tubes; in the inner layer of the metal ball (3), a heat storage material (10) is stored in the closed space except the tubulation, the heat storage material (10) is not completely filled in the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball (3), and the heat storage material (10) has the characteristics of high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, low freezing point and environmental friendliness.
7. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the male buckle (5) and the female buckle (6) on the outer layer surface of the metal ball (3) are both made of shape memory alloy materials, and the shape memory alloy forming the male and female connecting buckles has large inertia when the high-temperature phase austenite and the low-temperature phase martensite are subjected to mutual phase transformation, namely the mutual phase transformation speed between the high-temperature phase austenite and the low-temperature phase martensite is low; the high-temperature phase change memory temperature of the shape memory alloy primary-secondary connecting buckle is more than 5 ℃ lower than the daily minimum temperature of the area where the protection device is located for nearly 10 years.
8. The distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the metal material forming the metal ball (3) and the shape memory alloy material forming the primary-secondary connecting fastener on the outer layer surface of the metal ball (3) both have good corrosion resistance and ductility, and no cold brittleness phenomenon occurs at low temperature.
9. The utility model provides a distributing type solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection system which characterized in that: the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device is characterized in that a plurality of metal balls (3) in the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are continuously distributed on the slopes on two sides of the plateau railway roadbed, are connected through primary and secondary connecting buckles and are contacted with each other, and the honeycomb structure of the outer-layer micro-grid metal (7) of the metal balls, the moisture channels on the inner layer of the metal balls and the stored heat energy of the heat storage material (10) are utilized to be coupled, so that water collection, water drawing, water storage and water removal are performed on the moisture existing around the plateau railway roadbed slope.
10. The working method of the distributed solar and wind energy plateau railway roadbed slope protection system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the working method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
collecting water:
aiming at gaseous moisture existing in the surrounding environment of the plateau railway roadbed slope, local unevenness of the metal ball (3) and a small hole group distributed in the outer layer of the metal ball (3) and formed by micro-grid metal (7) and a small hole group distributed in the outer layer of the metal ball (3) under the extrusion of the self weight of the metal ball (3) are utilized to form an uneven rough surface of the metal ball (3), and when the gaseous moisture passes through the rough surface of the metal ball (3), water molecules are blocked, captured and aggregated into liquid water;
drawing water:
aiming at the surface water accumulated at the bottom of the plateau railway roadbed slope, a water drawing channel from bottom to top is formed by utilizing the capillary effect through the micro-grid metal (7) on the outer layer of the metal ball (3) with the same honeycomb structure and the water absorption stone (9) in the tube array (8) on the inner layer of the metal ball (3); the metal balls (3) are connected through the primary and secondary connecting buckles and are mutually contacted, so that surface water continuously enters the protection device and the system, the surface water is continuously reduced, the surface water is prevented from developing into a micro hot melt lake, and the surface water area is prevented from being continuously enlarged;
thirdly, water storage:
aiming at liquid water under the water collecting effect and space rainfall from top to bottom, under the capillary effect and the gravity effect, moisture enters the interior of the metal sphere and is absorbed and stored by micro-grid metal (7) on the outer layer of the metal sphere (3) with a honeycomb porous structure and water absorption stones (9) in the row tubes (8) on the inner layer of the metal sphere (3); aiming at surface water accumulated from bottom to top under the water drawing effect, under the capillary effect, water enters the interior of the metal ball body and is absorbed and stored by micro-grid metal (7) on the outer layer of the metal ball (3) and water absorption stones (9) in tubulations (8) on the inner layer of the metal ball (3);
fourthly, dewatering:
the heat storage material (10) in the closed space of the inner layer of the metal ball (3) absorbs and stores the heat energy of solar radiation in sunny day; in sunny days and cloudy days and clear nights in cloudy and cloudy days, the heat stored in the heat storage material (10) is released outwards, heat energy required for promoting evaporation and gasification of the metal balls (3) is provided for water stored in the micro-grid metal (7) on the outer layers of the metal balls and the water absorbing stones (9) of the tube arrays (8) on the inner layers of the metal balls (3) under the action of water storage, and the gasified water is accelerated to separate from the region where the roadbed slope is located under the action of wind energy and is dissipated into the environment, so that the evaporation and water removal speed is further increased.
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FR2694773A1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-02-18 Chapuis Philippe Groundwater drainage device made of sewn geotextile fibres - comprises centre of fibres less porous than surrounding layers water collector at bottom and ice preventing heat conductor
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CN210481895U (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-05-08 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Frost heaving prevention structure for ballastless track high-speed railway submerged roadbed in seasonal frozen soil area
CN111196337A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-05-26 江苏工程职业技术学院 Distributed solar and wind energy plateau frozen soil hot-melt lake floating device, system and working method
CN112459044A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-03-09 江苏工程职业技术学院 Distributed solar and wind energy plateau lake desertification lake bed water drawing device, system and working method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2694773A1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-02-18 Chapuis Philippe Groundwater drainage device made of sewn geotextile fibres - comprises centre of fibres less porous than surrounding layers water collector at bottom and ice preventing heat conductor
CN2787725Y (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-14 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 Composite roadbed for slope protection
CN201195817Y (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-02-18 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 Convection current-ventilation combined subgrade
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