CN113185761A - Preparation method of cable insulating material with self-repairing function - Google Patents
Preparation method of cable insulating material with self-repairing function Download PDFInfo
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, belonging to the technical field of cable materials and comprising the following steps: s1: preparing microcapsules: (1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water to obtain a prepolymer; (2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water to form a core material; (3) mixing the prepolymer and the core material; s2: preparing an insulating material: (a) vacuum drying the filler; (b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, and adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azobisisobutyronitrile to obtain modified resin; (c) mixing filler, modified resin, chlorinated rubber, microcapsule, flame retardant, coupling agent and polyethylene glycol, and extrusion molding. The invention has excellent compression resistance, tensile property, insulation and flame retardant properties, and the like, reduces the damage degree of the insulation material, and the microcapsule can be broken and repaired in time, thereby prolonging the service life of the insulation material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable materials, in particular to a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function.
Background
With the development of national economy, the quality of life of people is improved, the power cable needs to adapt to different use environments and occasions and has the requirements of tear resistance, high and low temperature resistance, weather resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, fire resistance and the like, and the cable insulation material also needs high technical requirements. Currently, the insulation materials used are mainly classified into solid insulation materials and liquid insulation materials. For example, low density polyethylene is a solid insulating material, has low cost, excellent electrical properties, low relative dielectric constant, low loss factor and high resistivity, has excellent mechanical properties at an ambient temperature of less than 90 ℃, and is widely used in medium and low voltage cable insulating polymers. With the development of power cables in China to high voltage, large capacity, long-distance transmission, special purposes and the like, more and more requirements are put forward on the quality and reliability of insulating materials.
The patent document with the publication number of CN112430390A discloses an electric wire insulating sheath material with a self-repairing function and a preparation method thereof, and specifically comprises the steps of adding polydimethylsiloxane into a solvent, stirring and heating, adding polyisocyanate, heating to react to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, adding polyvinyl chloride and chlorinated rubber, and continuing to react for 3-5 hours; and sequentially adding a chain extender containing disulfide bonds, heating to 100-120 ℃, reacting for 5-8 hours, finally adding activated calcium carbonate, talcum powder, aluminum oxide and a flame retardant, and stirring for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the wire insulation sheath material.
Patent document CN111154234A discloses a method for preparing a medium-high temperature self-repairing insulating material. Step 1: uniformly mixing epoxy resin and epoxy resin reactive diluent according to a proportion to prepare a repairing liquid; step 2: preparing an aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and polyvinyl alcohol, slowly adding the repair liquid into the aqueous solution, and stirring to form uniformly dispersed oil-in-water core material emulsion; and step 3: preparing urea and formaldehyde into a solution according to a proportion, stirring to form a water-soluble prepolymer solution of mono-methylol urea and dihydroxy-methylol urea, adding a proper amount of deionized water into the prepolymer, cooling to room temperature, and adding diluted hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 7; and 4, step 4: adding the prepolymer solution into the oil-in-water core material emulsion, adding a catalyst and a pH value regulator, regulating the pH value of the solution to 3-4, heating to 50-60 ℃, reacting for 3-5 hours, removing unreacted core materials and wall materials, cooling, washing, sieving, and naturally drying to obtain microcapsules; and 5: mixing epoxy resin and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole according to a proportion, adding a normal-temperature curing agent of the epoxy resin and the microcapsules, uniformly mixing, degassing in vacuum, and pouring into a mold for curing to obtain the self-repairing epoxy resin insulating material with the electric damage self-repairing capability.
The two insulating materials and the preparation method can perform a self-repairing function, but the repairing function needs to be improved, the flame retardance is realized, the insulating property is poor, and the technical requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a cable insulation material with a self-repairing function.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) carrying out vacuum drying on the filler;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming.
Further, in the prepolymer, the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: the water content is 4-5:8-10:1: 50-55.
Further, in the step S1, the mass of dicyclopentadiene is 4-5 times of the mass of urea.
Further, in the core material, the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water is 7-10: 10-12:0.1:80-90.
Further, in the step (1), the water bath temperature is 70-75 ℃, the stirring time is 45-60min, and the stirring speed is 500-; in the step (2), the water bath temperature is 40-45 ℃, the stirring time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 800-; in the step (3), the stirring time is 60-90min, and the stirring speed is 400-500 r/min.
Further, in the step (b), the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: 40-50% of azobisisobutyronitrile: 12-15: 14-18: 25-30: 5-8:3-5:1-3.
Further, in the step (c), the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2-3:12-15:28-32:16-20:3-5:0.5-0.8: 10-13.
Further, the filler is one or more of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder.
Further, the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560 or KH-570.
Further, in the step (a), the drying time is 2-3h, and the temperature is 90-95 ℃.
Further, the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: mica powder is 1: 0.2-0.5: 2-3.
The cable insulation material is usually used for insulation protection of the outer layer of the cable, is directly contacted with the external environment, and can cause electric leakage and power failure accidents due to damage caused by aging, external force damage and the like in the transportation and use processes. At present, the method for repairing the damage of the cable insulating layer mainly comprises a repairing liquid filling repairing method, a thermal welding repairing method and a thermal shrinkage tube repairing method, but the 3 repairing methods have the defects of complex process and poor repairing effect, a fault location technology is needed to be adopted to search a fault point, the repairing difficulty is increased due to the influences of detection distance, trauma degree and the like, and therefore a new technology for repairing the damage of the cable insulating layer needs to be developed urgently. The self-repairing material is an intelligent material which has the functions of automatically identifying damage or structural defects and partially or completely repairing the damage or structural defects. At present, the commonly used filling type self-repairing material is mainly characterized in that carriers (such as hollow fibers, microcapsules, micro-vessels and the like) of a repairing agent are dispersed in a polymer matrix, when the material is damaged, the carriers are broken, the repairing agent in the carriers is released, and the repairing agent is diffused to cracks and reacts for crosslinking, so that the purpose of repairing the cracks is achieved. For example, Penge, Zhanyanhuang, Liyudong, the effect of microcapsules on the insulating properties of polyethylene materials [ J]Insulation material 2021,54 (2): 80-86, discloses the preparation of pure polyethylene samples and polyethylene doped with microcapsules of different concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%)Alkene complex samples. Preparation and performance of self-repairing insulating material [ J ] based on inclusion of host and guest]The patent of higher school chemistry, 2018, 11:2572-2O3The preparation method comprises the following steps of taking Nano Particles (NPs) as a main body, taking 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate and adamantane as objects, assembling through mutual identification of the main body and the objects, then carrying out free radical copolymerization on the assembly, HEMA, Butyl Acrylate (BA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain a novel PVP/p (HEMA-co-BA) self-repairing material, and realizing self-repairing through the interaction force among the molecules of the polymer. The materials can have a certain self-repairing capability, but are used for cable insulation protection, and the insulation performance and the mechanical performance of the materials cannot meet the technical requirements. The conventional research method of the technicians in the field is to improve the mechanical properties of the microcapsules, but the microcapsules are not easy to break and the materials cannot be repaired in time. Therefore, through long-term research, the inventor of the application compounds the microcapsule with the modified resin and other components, so that the insulating material has excellent compression resistance, tensile resistance, insulating property, flame retardant property and the like, the damage degree of the insulating material is reduced, and meanwhile, the microcapsule can be broken and repaired in time, the service life of the insulating material is prolonged, and the safe operation of a line is ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts urea, formaldehyde and melamine as wall materials, phenol-formaldehyde resin and dicyclopentadiene as core materials and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as emulsifier to prepare the microcapsule, and the microcapsule has enough strength, can be kept intact when the cable is acted by external force, and can not crack.
Mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the modified resin obtained by modifying the epoxy resin and the organic silicone oil has the characteristics of excellent adhesiveness, electric insulation and stability.
Mixing and banburying the modified resin, the filler, the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol, and carrying out extrusion forming to obtain the granular material of the insulating material. The filler nano-alumina, ferrocene and mica powder improve the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the insulating material. The flame retardant magnesium hydroxide or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate enhances the flame retardant property of the material and has better flame retardant effect.
The self-repairing insulating material prepared by the microcapsule self-repairing system can automatically repair the damage at the initial stage of the damage, and well solves the problems of micropores, microcracks and the like of a cable insulating layer. The insulating material with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained by compounding modified resin with filler, chlorinated rubber, microcapsules, flame retardant, coupling agent, polyethylene glycol and the like. Volume resistivity of 9-9.8 × 1016Ω · m, a dielectric constant of 1.6-1.8, a dielectric strength of 83-89 kV/mm, and excellent electrical insulating properties; the tensile strength is 38.6-39.8MPa, the elongation is 655-679 percent and the oxygen index is 41-43.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water is 4:8:1: 50; the water bath temperature is 70 ℃, the stirring time is 60min, and the stirring speed is 500 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water content is 7: 10:0.1: 80; the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, the stirring time is 20min, and the stirring speed is 1000 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 60min at a speed of 500 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 40: 12: 14: 25: 5:3: 1;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2:12:28:16:3:0.5: 10; the filler is nano alumina; the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water 4.2:8.5:1: 51; the water bath temperature is 71 ℃, the stirring time is 48min, and the stirring speed is 500 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4.3 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water content is 8: 10.5:0.1: 82; the water bath temperature is 42 ℃, the stirring time is 30min, and the stirring speed is 800 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 75min at a speed of 400 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 2h at 95 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 42: 12.5: 14.5: 26: 6:3.5: 1.5;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.5:12.5:29:17:3.5:0.6: 11; the filler is ferrocene; the flame retardant is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-570.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water at 4.5:9:1: 52; the water bath temperature is 72 ℃, the stirring time is 48min, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4-5 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: water 8.5: 11:0.1: 85; the water bath temperature is 45 ℃, the stirring time is 20min, and the stirring speed is 900 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 90min at a speed of 400 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 45: 13: 15: 26: 6:4: 2;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.5:13:30:18:3.5:0.7: 12; the filler is mica powder; the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water 4.8:9:1: 53; the water bath temperature is 73 ℃, the stirring time is 55min, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4-5 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water content is 9: 11:0.1: 85; the water bath temperature is 45 ℃, the stirring time is 25min, and the stirring speed is 900 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 80min at a speed of 500 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3 hours at the temperature of 92 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 48: 13.5: 16: 27: 6:4: 2;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.8:14:30:19:4:0.6: 12; the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: the mica powder is 1: 0.2: 2; the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-570.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water 5:9.5:1: 53; the water bath temperature is 75 ℃, the stirring time is 55min, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4.8 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: water 9.5: 11.5:0.1: 87; the water bath temperature is 43 ℃, the stirring time is 30min, and the stirring speed is 900 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 90min at a speed of 500 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 48: 14.5: 17: 29: 7:4.5: 2.5;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.8:14.5:31:19:4.5:0.7: 12; the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: the mica powder is 1: 0.3: 2.5; the flame retardant is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: the ratio of water is 5: 10:1: 55; the water bath temperature is 75 ℃, the stirring time is 45min, and the stirring speed is 500 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 5 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water content is 10: 12:0.1: 90; the water bath temperature is 45 ℃, the stirring time is 20min, and the stirring speed is 800 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 90min at a speed of 400 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile was 50: 15: 18: 30: 8: 5: 3;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 3: 15: 32: 20: 5: 0.8: 13; the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: the mica powder is 1: 0.5: 3; the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-570.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water 5:9.5:1: 53; the water bath temperature is 75 ℃, the stirring time is 55min, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4.8 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: water 9.5: 11.5:0.1: 87; the water bath temperature is 43 ℃, the stirring time is 30min, and the stirring speed is 900 r/min;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 90min at a speed of 500 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil, azodiisobutyronitrile and carbon nano tubes, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile: the carbon nanotubes are 48: 14.5: 17: 29: 7:4.5:2.5: 1.5;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.8:14.5:31:19:4.5:0.7: 12; the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: the mica powder is 1: 0.3: 2.5; the flame retardant is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: water 5:9.5:1: 53; the water bath temperature is 75 ℃, the stirring time is 55min, and the stirring speed is 600 r/min;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material; the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4.8 times of that of the urea; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: water 9.5: 11.5:0.1: 87; the water bath temperature is 43 ℃, the stirring time is 30min, and the stirring speed is 900 r/min;
(3) mixing the prepolymer and the core material, adding resorcinol with the mass being half of that of the prepolymer, stirring to form a microcapsule, and filtering; stirring for 90min at a speed of 500 r/min;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) vacuum drying the filler for 3h at 90 ℃;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil, azodiisobutyronitrile and carbon nano tubes, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: azobisisobutyronitrile: the carbon nanotubes are 48: 14.5: 17: 29: 7:4.5:2.5: 1.6;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming; the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2.8:14.5:31:19:4.5:0.7: 12; the filler is a mixture of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder, and the weight ratio of the nano alumina to the ferrocene to the mica powder is as follows: ferrocene: the mica powder is 1: 0.3: 2.5; the flame retardant is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a method for preparing a cable insulation material having a self-repairing function, and unlike example 1, the present comparative example lacks step S1, i.e., does not add microcapsules.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cable insulation material having a self-repairing function, and unlike example 1, it lacks step (b) and replaces the modified resin in step (c) with an acrylic resin.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cable insulation material having a self-repairing function, and unlike example 1, it does not contain a flame retardant.
Test method
1. And (3) testing the insulating property:
the sample volume is 100 mm × 100 mm × 1 mm; measuring the volume resistivity of the sample by using an HP4329A high resistance instrument and a strong resistance instrument at room temperature; measuring the relative dielectric constant by using a DEA2970 dielectric analyzer; the dielectric strength of the samples was measured at 100HZ using a siemens breakdown voltage apparatus.
2. And (3) testing mechanical properties:
the tensile strength and elongation of the test specimen were measured at room temperature using a universal tensile tester.
3. And (3) testing the flame retardant property:
performed according to the GB/T10707-2008 standard.
Table 1 test results of cable insulation materials of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
With reference to table 1, the cable insulation materials of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were tested for their properties, and the cable insulation materials of examples 1 to 8 all showed good overall properties: volume resistivity of 9-9.8 × 1016Ω · m, a dielectric constant of 1.6-1.8, a dielectric strength of 83-89 kV/mm, and excellent electrical insulating properties; the tensile strength is 38.6-39.8MPa, the elongation is 655-679 percent and the oxygen index is 41-43. Comparative example 1 lacked step S1, i.e., no microcapsules were added; comparative example 2 lacking step (b), the modified resin in step (c) was replaced with an acrylic resin; comparative example 3 contains no flame retardant, and the performance of the insulating material is reduced, which shows that the formula and the process of the invention have good adaptability.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a cable insulating material with a self-repairing function is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing microcapsules:
(1) mixing urea, formaldehyde, melamine and water, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a prepolymer;
(2) mixing phenolic resin, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and water, and stirring in a water bath to form a core material;
(3) mixing and stirring the prepolymer and the core material to form a microcapsule, and filtering;
s2: preparing an insulating material:
(a) carrying out vacuum drying on the filler;
(b) mixing ethanol and epoxy resin, adding methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, organic silicone oil and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain modified resin;
(c) placing the dried filler obtained in the step (a), the modified resin obtained in the step (b), the chlorinated rubber, the microcapsule obtained in the step S1, the flame retardant, the coupling agent and the polyethylene glycol into an internal mixer for internal mixing, and then carrying out extrusion forming.
2. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the prepolymer, the mass ratio of each component is as follows: urea: formaldehyde: melamine: the water content is 4-5:8-10:1: 50-55.
3. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step S1, the mass of the dicyclopentadiene is 4-5 times of the mass of the urea.
4. A method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the core material, the mass ratio of each component is as follows: phenolic resin: dicyclopentadiene (2): sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: the water is 7-10: 10-12:0.1:80-90.
5. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the water bath temperature is 70-75 ℃, the stirring time is 45-60min, and the stirring speed is 500-600 r/min; in the step (2), the water bath temperature is 40-45 ℃, the stirring time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 800-; in the step (3), the stirring time is 60-90min, and the stirring speed is 400-500 r/min.
6. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (b), the mass ratio of each component is as follows: ethanol: epoxy resin: methyl acrylate: styrene: acrylic acid: organic silicone oil: 40-50% of azobisisobutyronitrile: 12-15: 14-18: 25-30: 5-8:3-5:1-3.
7. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step (c), the mass ratio of each component is as follows: the dried filler obtained in step (a): modified resin obtained in step (b): chlorinated rubber: the microcapsule obtained in step S1: flame retardant: coupling agent: the polyethylene glycol is 2-3:12-15:28-32:16-20:3-5:0.5-0.8: 10-13.
8. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the filler is one or more of nano alumina, ferrocene and mica powder.
9. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
10. The method for preparing a cable insulating material having a self-repairing function as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-560 or KH-570.
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