CN113185709A - Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose comprises the following steps: 1) dispersing pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO and sodium bromide in water, adding sodium hypochlorite, and carrying out oxidation reaction to obtain a TEMPO oxidized nano cellulose suspension; 2) mixing TEMPO oxidized nanometer cellulose suspension as water phase with oil phase, adding inorganic salt, regulating pH value of the mixture, and homogenizing. The Pickering emulsion is prepared by using the TEMPO oxidized pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose, the zeta potential absolute value of the obtained Pickering emulsion can reach as high as 30, obvious settlement or deterioration can not be seen after the Pickering emulsion is stored for 3 months at room temperature, and the height of a water layer is lower than 10% of the total height after the emulsion is layered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pineapple contains rich nutrient elements, is one of the most popular tropical fruits, and is widely used for daily consumption and deep processing. However, about 50% of the pineapple residue left after pineapple processing is directly discarded, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also causes resource waste. In recent years, researchers have begun to extract nanocellulose from pineapple residue, and have achieved certain research results.
The nano-cellulose is cellulose with the diameter of nano scale, has higher crystallinity, mechanical strength, specific surface area and surface activity than natural cellulose, has unique biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, is often used in the fields of biomedicine, pharmacy and composite materials, and particularly has good application effect in Pickering emulsion.
The Pickering emulsion breaks the situation that the traditional surfactant is used as an emulsifier to prepare the emulsion, and the technology uses solid particles to replace the surfactant to form a unique interfacial particle film in the emulsification process, thereby forming the stable O/W type emulsion. In recent years, solid particles such as clay, silica, graphite, and nanocellulose have been used for preparing Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsion prepared from the nano-cellulose can be used for controlling lipid digestion, drug delivery, embedding bioactive substances and the like, and has good application prospect. However, the conventional Pickering emulsion prepared from nano-cellulose generally has the problem of short storage period, and is difficult to be practically applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose comprises the following steps:
1) dispersing pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO (2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide) and sodium bromide in water, adding sodium hypochlorite, and carrying out oxidation reaction to obtain a TEMPO oxidized nano cellulose suspension;
2) mixing a TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with an oil phase according to the mass ratio of 0.25: 1-1.5: 1, adding an inorganic salt, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2-12, and homogenizing to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose.
Preferably, the preparation method of the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose comprises the following steps:
1) crushing and sieving the pineapple peel residue cellulose, dispersing the pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO and sodium bromide in water, adding sodium hypochlorite, and carrying out oxidation reaction to obtain a TEMPO oxidized nano cellulose suspension;
2) mixing a TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with an oil phase according to the mass ratio of 0.25: 1-1.5: 1, adding an inorganic salt, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2-12, and homogenizing to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose.
Preferably, the sieving in step 1) is 100 mesh sieving.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO and sodium bromide in the step 1) is 550-700: 1: 8.5-11.5.
Preferably, the adding amount of the sodium hypochlorite in the step 1) is 30-40% of the mass of the pineapple peel residue cellulose.
Preferably, the oxidation reaction in step 1) is carried out under a condition that the pH of the reaction solution is 10 to 11, and the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours.
Preferably, the oil phase in step 2) is at least one of corn oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and liquid paraffin.
Preferably, the addition amount of the inorganic salt in the step 2) in the mixed liquid of the water phase and the oil phase is 0-140 mmol/L.
Preferably, the inorganic salt in step 2) is at least one of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Preferably, the homogenization in step 2) is ultrasonic homogenization.
Preferably, the ultrasonic homogenization is carried out at the temperature of 3-5 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 300-500W, and the ultrasonic time is 3-7 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the TEMPO oxidized pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is used for preparing the Pickering emulsion, the zeta potential absolute value of the obtained Pickering emulsion can reach as high as 30, obvious settlement or deterioration can not occur after the Pickering emulsion is stored for 3 months at room temperature, the height of a water layer after the emulsion is layered is lower than 10% of the total height, and the preparation method is suitable for practical popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an AFM image of PTNc in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a Zeta potential comparison graph of PTNc in example 1 and PPNc in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a Zeta potential comparison graph of Pickering emulsions based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained from different oil-water ratios in example 1 and comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a Zeta potential comparison graph of Pickering emulsions based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained at different pH values in example 2 and comparative example 2.
FIG. 5 is a Zeta potential comparison graph of Pickering emulsions based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained at different inorganic salt concentrations in example 3 and comparative example 3.
Fig. 6 is an optical micrograph of a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose in example 4.
Fig. 7 is a photograph of the appearance of the Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose in example 4 after being stored at room temperature for 3 months.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) crushing pineapple peel residue cellulose, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, dispersing 1g of pineapple peel residue cellulose, 0.0016g of TEMPO and 0.016g of sodium bromide in 100mL of water, stirring for 10min, adding 15mL of sodium hypochlorite solution with the effective chlorine content of more than or equal to 7.5%, controlling the pH value of the reaction solution to be 10 by using 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, reacting for 6h, dropwise adding 5mL of anhydrous ethanol to terminate the reaction, filtering, washing the filtered product with water to be neutral, adding water, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 20min to obtain TEMPO oxidized nano cellulose (PTNc) suspension with the solid content of 0.1%;
2) mixing TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with oil phase corn oil, adjusting the oil-water ratio (the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase) to 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7 and 2:8, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 7, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so as to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose. Comparative example 1:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) adding 1g of pineapple peel residue cellulose into 20mL of sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 50%, carrying out acidolysis for 2h at 45 ℃, adding 10 times of distilled water to stop the reaction, continuously washing and centrifuging the reaction solution with the distilled water until the supernatant is blue, dialyzing for 48h, adding water, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 20min, so as to obtain an acidolysis pineapple peel residue nano cellulose (PPNc) suspension with the solid content of 0.1%;
2) mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase corn oil of the acidolysis method pineapple peel residue nano cellulose suspension, adjusting the oil-water ratio (mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase) to 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7 and 2:8, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 7, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so as to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano cellulose. And (3) performance testing:
1) an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) chart of PTNc in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and a Zeta potential comparison chart of PTNc in example 1 and PPNc in comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the TEMPO oxidized pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose is successfully prepared, the product fibers are long and mutually intertwined, and the length/width ratio is 5: 1-6: 1.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the absolute value of Zeta potential of PTNc is higher than that of PPNc in the range of pH 2-12, namely the stability of PTNc is obviously better than that of PPNc.
2) The Zeta potential comparison graph of the Pickering emulsions based on the pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained in the different oil-water ratios in example 1 and comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3: when the oil-water ratio is 4:6, the Zeta potential absolute value of the obtained Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose is the largest, namely the stability is the highest.
Example 2:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) the TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose suspension was prepared as in example 1;
2) mixing TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with oil phase corn oil, adjusting the oil-water ratio (the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase) to 5:5, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, and performing ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so as to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel nano-cellulose. Comparative example 2:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) the preparation of the nano-cellulose suspension of the pineapple peel residue by the acidolysis method is the same as the comparative example 1;
2) mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase corn oil of the acidolysis method pineapple peel residue nano cellulose suspension, adjusting the oil-water ratio (mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase) to 5:5, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, and performing ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so as to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano cellulose. And (3) performance testing:
the Zeta potential comparison graph of the Pickering emulsions based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained at different pH in example 2 and comparative example 2 is shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4: when the pH value is 12, the Zeta potential absolute value of the obtained Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose is the largest, namely the stability is the highest.
Example 3:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) the TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose suspension was prepared as in example 1;
2) mixing TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with oil phase corn oil, adjusting the oil-water ratio (the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase) to be 5:5, adding inorganic salt sodium chloride, adjusting the inorganic salt concentration to be 0, 35mmol/L, 70mmol/L, 105mmol/L and 140mmol/L, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to be 7, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so that the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel nano-cellulose is obtained.
Comparative example 3:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) the preparation of the nano-cellulose suspension of the pineapple peel residue by the acidolysis method is the same as the comparative example 1;
2) mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase corn oil of the acidolysis method pineapple peel residue nano cellulose suspension, adjusting the oil-water ratio (mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase) to 5:5, adding inorganic salt sodium chloride, adjusting the inorganic salt concentration to be 0, 35mmol/L, 70mmol/L, 105mmol/L and 140mmol/L, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 7, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, thus obtaining the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano cellulose.
And (3) performance testing:
the Zeta potential comparison graph of the Pickering emulsions based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose obtained in example 3 and comparative example 3 at different inorganic salt concentrations is shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5: when the concentration of the inorganic salt is 0, the Zeta potential absolute value of the obtained Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose is the largest, namely the stability is the highest.
Example 4:
a Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is prepared by the following steps:
1) the TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose suspension was prepared as in example 1;
2) mixing TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with oil phase corn oil, adjusting the oil-water ratio (the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase) to 5:5, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 12, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization at 4 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5min, so as to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel nano-cellulose.
And (3) performance testing:
1) an optical micrograph of the Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose in example 4 is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6: the Pickering emulsion prepared based on the pineapple peel residue nanocellulose has a micron-sized structure, the particle size of emulsion droplets (tested by a Nano-ZS90 type Malvern laser particle size analyzer of Malvern instruments Co., Ltd. in England) is 5-15 mu m, no obvious emulsion aggregation and demulsification phenomena exist, and the system is relatively stable.
2) The photo of the appearance of the Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose in example 4 after being stored at room temperature for 3 months is shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from fig. 7: the Pickering emulsion prepared based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose has no obvious settlement or deterioration after being stored for 3 months at room temperature, and the height of a water layer after the emulsion is layered is lower than 10% of the total height.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dispersing pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO and sodium bromide in water, adding sodium hypochlorite, and carrying out oxidation reaction to obtain a TEMPO oxidized nano cellulose suspension;
2) mixing a TEMPO oxidized nano-cellulose suspension serving as a water phase with an oil phase according to the mass ratio of 0.25: 1-1.5: 1, adding an inorganic salt, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2-12, and homogenizing to obtain the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nano-cellulose.
2. The preparation method of the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the pineapple peel residue cellulose, TEMPO and sodium bromide in the step 1) is 550-700: 1: 8.5-11.5.
3. The preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the adding amount of the sodium hypochlorite in the step 1) is 30-40% of the mass of the pineapple peel residue cellulose.
4. The preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the oxidation reaction in the step 1) is carried out under the condition that the pH value of a reaction solution is 10-11, and the reaction time is 5-12 h.
5. The preparation method of the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 2) adding the inorganic salt into the mixed liquid of the water phase and the oil phase in an amount of 0-140 mmol/L.
6. The preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and in the step 2), the oil phase is at least one of corn oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and liquid paraffin.
7. The preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and 2) the inorganic salt is at least one of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
8. The preparation method of Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and 2) the homogenization is ultrasonic homogenization.
9. The preparation method of the Pickering emulsion based on the pineapple peel residue nanocellulose as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the ultrasonic homogenization is carried out at the temperature of 3-5 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 300-500W, and the ultrasonic time is 3-7 min.
10. A Pickering emulsion based on pineapple peel residue nanocellulose, characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113845667A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-12-28 | 江南大学 | Preparation method and application of oxidized nano cellulose pickering emulsion |
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