CN113182896A - Large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device and clamping method - Google Patents
Large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device and clamping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182896A CN113182896A CN202110401283.0A CN202110401283A CN113182896A CN 113182896 A CN113182896 A CN 113182896A CN 202110401283 A CN202110401283 A CN 202110401283A CN 113182896 A CN113182896 A CN 113182896A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clamping device and a clamping method for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part.A double-row semi-suspended lug boss is respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the part along the parallel side length; the end opening area of the part is provided with an end opening area compressing device, the upper surface and the lower surface of the part are respectively provided with a top surface boss compressing device and a bottom surface positioning boss compressing device, and the middle part of the part is provided with a middle web plate hole area compressing device for compressing the web plate of the part on two sides. The clamping device can effectively enhance the rigidity of precision casting parts, reduce the problems of tool bouncing, vibration and the like caused by insufficient rigidity of the parts in the machining process and ensure the stability and reliability of the machining process; the clamping method is suitable for large thin-wall frame type precision casting parts, can improve the stability of the processing process of the weak rigid structure of the part, is a stable, reliable and flexible clamping method, and has better practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting part clamping, and particularly relates to a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device and a clamping method.
Background
The precision casting realizes the accurate molding of a large thin-wall complex structure while fully utilizing a plurality of excellent performances of the metal material, effectively improves the material utilization rate, and reduces the machining amount, thereby reducing the production cost and shortening the production period. With the development of precision casting technology in recent years, the manufacturing of large, thin-wall, complex, integral and precision castings becomes the development trend of the precision casting structural part manufacturing technology for foreign aerospace aircrafts, and the castings have good integral structure, high reliability, light weight and low processing cost, and are more and more widely applied in the aerospace field.
However, because the castings are of open and semi-open structures, a large number of thin-wall groove cavities exist, the overall rigidity of the castings is poor, and the castings are large in vibration and serious in deformation in numerical control machining, so that the surface quality of the parts is poor. Limited by the casting level and the machining process level, for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting, the integral casting is generally decomposed into a plurality of sub-castings with relatively small sizes and relatively simple structures during design, the sub-castings are assembled together in a welding and riveting mode after being respectively subjected to numerical control machining, and the casting decomposition process is shown in figure 1. Although the process method reduces the casting and processing difficulty of the integral blank, the following problems are brought, the whole machine assembly is serious, and the integral design requirement of the current aviation structural part cannot be met:
■, the number of processing parts is increased, the processing cost and the period are increased;
■ when the welding process is adopted for assembly, the welding seam generally needs secondary processing, and the processing cost and difficulty are large;
■ riveting assembly causes part stress concentration and affects the overall appearance and performance;
■, the assembly precision is low, and the coordination relationship of parts is difficult to guarantee.
Therefore, the integral forming and machining of the large thin-wall frame type precision casting are effective measures for ensuring the machining quality of the part, but the integral forming large thin-wall frame type precision casting has the machining bottlenecks of poor part rigidity, large deformation and the like, and a stable and reliable clamping device and a method are urgently needed to improve the stability of the machining process of the weak rigid structure of the part, so that the machining quality of the part is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device which can realize stable clamping of a large thin-wall frame type precision casting.
The invention aims to provide a clamping method for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part, and aims to solve the problems.
The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device is characterized in that a part is placed on a tool base plate, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the part are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses along the parallel side length; an end opening area compressing device is arranged in an end opening area of the part, and a top boss compressing device is arranged on the upper surface of the part; a bottom surface positioning boss pressing device is arranged at the bottom of the part; and the middle part of the part is provided with a middle web plate hole area pressing device for pressing the web plate of the part on two sides.
The bosses are arranged in positions and in an arrangement mode according to the structural characteristics of the parts, and the boss pressing device is divided into a top surface boss pressing device and a bottom surface positioning boss pressing device. The pressing device for the open area of the end is used for enhancing the rigidity of the area of the end and improving the stability of the processing process, and the pressing device for the open area of the end can be attached to the inner and outer molded surfaces of the end to be pressed tightly. The middle web plate hole area pressing device is used for pressing the web plate on two sides, and rigidity of the web plate hole area is enhanced.
The sizes of multiple parts of a precision casting blank are already in place, a structure or a boss capable of being directly compressed is not provided, and the position and the size of the required boss need to be determined before the blank is cast. The size of the casting is large, the height direction is generally 600mm, and the integral rigidity is poor. The invention is provided with bosses on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side, which can ensure the compression connecting devices on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side of the casting, thereby ensuring the integral rigidity of the casting.
In order to better realize the invention, the end head open area pressing device further comprises a mounting seat, an upper end pressing device and a lower end pressing device, wherein the upper end pressing device and the lower end pressing device are arranged on the mounting seat, and a clamping part is fixedly clamped between the upper end pressing device and the lower end pressing device; the tool base plate is characterized by further comprising a support and a support, the top of the support is connected with the mounting seat, the bottom of the support is connected with the support through a bolt, and the support is detachably connected with the tool base plate.
The end area of the casting is in a completely open structure, the rigidity of the casting is weak, and the vibration and deformation are large in processing. The upper surface of the part is pressed tightly by a fixed pressing plate, and the lower surface of the part is pressed tightly by an adjustable pressing block. The pressing device is fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the support through two phi 20 bolts, and the whole device is extremely convenient to mount and dismount. The end opening area compressing device strengthens the structural rigidity of the opening end of the part, can effectively reduce the problems of cutter relieving, vibration and the like in the machining process and improves the machining quality of the part. The whole device is convenient and flexible to disassemble, and accessories of the device can be assembled and disassembled according to actual processing requirements.
In order to better realize the invention, the upper end pressing device further comprises a pressing plate, a stud, a guide screw and a nut, wherein the stud and the guide screw are arranged on the mounting seat in parallel, the pressing plate is respectively connected with the stud and the guide screw in a sliding manner, and the stud penetrates through the pressing plate and is connected with the nut; the lower end pressing device comprises a pressing screw, a pressing block and a pressing nut, one end of the pressing screw penetrates through the mounting seat and is rotatably connected with the pressing block, the pressing nut is fixedly connected with the pressing screw through a fixing bolt, and the pressing screw is in threaded connection with the mounting seat; and the part is clamped between the pressing plate and the pressing block.
The pressing block is installed on the compression screw in a cold-shrink press-in mode, and can be finely adjusted in the height direction and rotate for 360 degrees. According to the invention, the upper and lower positions of the compression screw can be adjusted by rotating the compression nut, so that the part is tightly pressed.
In order to better realize the invention, the middle web plate hole area compressing device comprises a support column, an adjusting nut, a gasket and a circular pressing plate, wherein the support column is arranged inside the part, the bottom of the support column penetrates through the part and is connected with the tooling base plate, the top of the support column penetrates through the web plate of the part upwards and is connected with the circular pressing plate, and a screw penetrates through the circular pressing plate and is in threaded connection with the top of the support column; be located and have set gradually packing ring, adjusting nut down from last on the pillar of part web below, packing ring slidable mounting is on the pillar, and adjusting nut and pillar threaded connection.
The invention is suitable for the compression of ultrahigh and large-diameter hole structures, parts are compressed in a double-sided compression mode, the bottom surface is mutually matched through an adjusting nut and a gasket to achieve the supporting effect, the top surface is compressed in a mode of compressing a circular pressing plate through a screw, and the two compression modes are mutually matched, so that the effects of compressing the parts and enhancing the rigidity are achieved. The middle web plate hole area compressing device can effectively enhance the vibration of the weak rigidity suspension structure, reduce the processing vibration and stabilize the quality of parts.
In the use process of the invention, a washer with a U-shaped opening and a lightening hole is arranged between the adjusting nut and the bottom surface of the web plate, and the position of the adjusting nut is adjusted to be upwards pressed against the bottom surface of the web plate; the compression structure screw on the top surface of the web plate is connected with the internal thread on the support, and the top surface of the web plate is compressed downwards through a circular pressing plate with a lightening hole. When the surface of the hole area of the web plate of the part is machined, the lower surface of the part is tightly propped by adjusting the positions of an adjusting nut and a washer, the outer surface of the part is finely milled, and finally, the upper surface of the part is tightly pressed by using a screw and a circular pressing plate.
In order to better realize the invention, the top surface boss pressing device comprises a locking bolt and a suspension support arm, the top of the suspension support arm is in pressing connection with the boss suspension part of the top surface of the part, the locking bolt penetrates through the suspension support arm and is in threaded connection with the boss of the top surface of the part, the locking bolt at the top of the suspension support arm is provided with a nut, and the locking bolt between the suspension support arm and the boss is sequentially provided with two nuts; the bottom of the overhanging support arm is connected with a support through a bolt, and the support is connected with a tool base plate.
The size of the casting is larger, the height direction is 600mm, the upper part of the casting is in a semi-free state, and larger vibration exists in the machining process. Firstly, a threaded hole is formed in the boss, then the externally overhanging bracket is pressed tightly through a screw, and the overhanging bracket is fixed on the support through two phi 20 bolts. When the boss is provided with a threaded hole or is processed by other processes, the support can be detached by taking down the bolt. The top surface boss pressing device effectively strengthens the rigidity of the weak-rigidity ultrahigh structure through the top surface boss pressing device, and reduces the vibration caused by insufficient rigidity in the machining process, thereby ensuring the machining reliability. Meanwhile, the device also provides a new scheme for rigid reinforcement of an ultrahigh weak rigid structure.
In order to better realize the invention, the bottom positioning boss compressing device comprises a compressing pressure plate, a stud and a guide screw, wherein the compressing pressure plate is connected with the suspended part of the boss on the bottom surface of the part, the stud and the guide screw are respectively arranged on the tool backing plate in parallel, the compressing pressure plate is respectively connected with the stud and the guide screw in a sliding manner, the stud penetrates through the compressing pressure plate and is connected with a nut, and the compressing pressure plate is provided with a kidney-shaped hole corresponding to the stud.
Because the problems of part structure and blank casting precision cannot be guaranteed that the bottom surfaces of the castings are completely positioned on the same plane, the bottom surface boss is tightly pressed by the pressing plate when the parts are clamped by using a boss positioning and pressing scheme. The invention enhances the reliability of the compaction. Compared with a screw pressing mode, the bottom surface positioning boss pressing device can reduce the size of the boss, reduce the cost of a blank, and simultaneously increase the accessibility and convenience of clamping operation, so that the occupied time of a machine tool is reduced.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, the size of the boss is: long L150-55 mm wide W130-35 mm high H125-30 mm; the suspended size L of the boss on the upper surface of the part325-28 mm, and the distance L between adjacent bosses2250-300 mm; the suspended size L of the boss on the lower surface of the part4＝20～25mm。
In order to better implement the invention, further, the lug boss on the bottom surface of the part is arranged at the position where the rib and the edge strip intersect on the bottom surface of the part.
The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a clamping method for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part adopts the clamping device for clamping, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: the upper surface and the lower surface of a part to be machined are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses, and the bosses are manufactured in the precision casting process of the part;
step S2: pre-pressing the middle web plate hole area pressing device, wherein a screw and an adjusting nut of the middle web plate hole area pressing device are not screwed, and the middle web plate hole area pressing device is kept in a fine-adjustable state;
step S3: the top boss pressing devices are pressed tightly and sequentially pressed along the length direction of the part, so that stress concentration is avoided;
step S4: pressing the middle web plate hole area pressing device, and screwing down a screw and an adjusting nut of the middle web plate hole area pressing device;
step S5: a compression device for compressing the open area of the end;
step S6: and the pressing sequence of the bosses on the bottom surface of the part is consistent with that of the bosses on the top surface of the part, so that stress concentration is avoided.
In order to better implement the present invention, in step S5, the surface B of the lower surface of the part is processed, then the lower pressing device is installed, the surface a of the upper surface of the part is processed, and finally the upper pressing device is installed.
In order to better implement the present invention, in step S4, first, an adjusting nut and a washer are installed on the pillar, then the upper surface of the part web is finely milled, and finally, a circular pressing plate and a screw are installed on the pillar.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the clamping device can effectively enhance the rigidity of precision casting parts, reduce the problems of tool bouncing, vibration and the like caused by insufficient rigidity of the parts in the machining process, and ensure the stability and reliability of the machining process, thereby improving the numerical control machining level of the precision casting parts;
(2) the invention is provided with bosses on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side, which can ensure that the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side of the casting are provided with the compression connecting devices, thereby ensuring the integral rigidity of the casting;
(3) the end opening area compressing device strengthens the structural rigidity of the opening end of the part, can effectively reduce the problems of cutter relieving, vibration and the like in the machining process and improves the machining quality of the part. The whole device is convenient and flexible to disassemble, and accessories of the device can be installed and disassembled according to actual processing requirements;
(4) the middle web plate hole area compressing device can effectively enhance the vibration of the weak rigid suspended structure, reduce the processing vibration and stabilize the quality of parts;
(5) the top surface boss pressing device effectively strengthens the rigidity of the weak-rigidity ultrahigh structure through the top surface boss pressing device, and reduces the vibration caused by insufficient rigidity in the machining process, thereby ensuring the machining reliability. Meanwhile, the rigid reinforcement of the ultra-high weak rigid structure is realized;
(6) compared with a screw pressing mode, the bottom positioning boss pressing device can reduce the size of the boss, reduce the cost of a blank, and increase the accessibility and convenience of clamping operation, so that the occupied time of a machine tool is reduced;
(7) the clamping method is suitable for large thin-wall frame type precision casting parts, can improve the stability of the weak rigid structure of the parts in the machining process, and is a stable, reliable and flexible clamping method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art monolithic casting decomposition process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a part and a boss;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distance dimensions of adjacent bosses;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a boss;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the boss with respect to the component parts suspended in the air;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall pressing structure of the part;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an upper end pressing device and a lower end pressing device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an open ended region compression device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a bottom positioning boss pressing device;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the boss on the bottom surface of the part;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the top boss hold-down device;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the cantilever arm and the locking bolt;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the suspended structure of the boss on the bottom surface of the component;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the intermediate web hole area compression device;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a column and a circular pressing plate;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a circular platen;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the gasket;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the adjusting nut;
FIG. 19 is a flow chart of the installation of the open area tip compression device;
fig. 20 is a flow chart of the installation of the hold down device for holding down the central web hole area.
In the figure, 1, a boss; 2. an open end region compression device; 3. the bottom surface positioning boss pressing device; 4. a top boss pressing device; 5. a central web hole area hold down device; 6. a tooling backing plate; 7. a part; 8. a support; 9. a screw; 10. a bolt; 11. a support; 12. a guide screw; 13. pressing a plate; 14. a nut; 16. a stud; 17. briquetting; 18. a compression screw; 19. a compression nut; 20. fixing the bolt; 21. locking the bolt; 22. a cantilever arm; 23. a unit support; 24. a circular pressing plate; 25. a gasket; 26. adjusting the nut; 27. a pillar; 001. ribs; 002. and (7) edge strip.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device is characterized in that a part 7 is placed on a tool backing plate 6, as shown in figure 2, the upper surface and the lower surface of the part 7 are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses 1 along the parallel side length; as shown in fig. 6, the open end region of the part 7 is provided with an open end region pressing device 2, and the upper surface of the part 7 is provided with a top surface boss pressing device 4; the bottom of the part 7 is provided with a bottom positioning boss pressing device 3; the middle part of the part 7 is provided with a middle web plate hole area pressing device 5 for pressing the web plate of the part 7 on two sides.
The invention is provided with the bosses 1 on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side, which can ensure the compression connecting devices on the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side and the right side of the casting, thereby ensuring the integral rigidity of the casting. The boss 1 is provided with positions and an arrangement mode according to the structural characteristics of the parts 7, and the boss 1 pressing device is divided into a top boss pressing device 4 and a bottom positioning boss pressing device 3. The pressing device 2 for the open area of the end is used for enhancing the rigidity of the area of the end and improving the stability of the processing process, and the pressing device 2 for the open area of the end can be attached to the inner and outer molded surfaces of the end to be pressed tightly. The middle web plate hole area pressing device 5 is used for pressing the web plate on two sides and enhancing the rigidity of the web plate hole area.
Example 2:
the embodiment is optimized based on embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the end opening region pressing device 2 includes a mounting seat, and an upper end pressing device and a lower end pressing device which are arranged on the mounting seat, and a clamping part 7 is fixed between the upper end pressing device and the lower end pressing device; still include support 8, support 11, the top and the mount pad of support 11 are connected, and the bottom is passed through bolt 10 and is connected with support 8, support 8 can dismantle with frock backing plate 6 and be connected.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the upper end pressing device includes a pressing plate 13, a stud 16, a guide screw 12 and a nut 14, the stud 16 and the guide screw 12 are arranged on the mounting base in parallel, the pressing plate 13 is respectively connected with the stud 16 and the guide screw 12 in a sliding manner, and the stud 16 penetrates through the pressing plate 13 and is connected with the nut 14; the lower end pressing device comprises a pressing screw 18, a pressing block 17 and a pressing nut 19, one end of the pressing screw 18 penetrates through the mounting seat and is rotatably connected with the pressing block 17, the pressing nut 19 is fixedly connected with the pressing screw 18 through a fixing bolt 20, and the pressing screw 18 is in threaded connection with the mounting seat; the part 7 is clamped between the pressing plate 13 and the pressing block 17.
The end area of the casting is in a completely open structure, the rigidity of the casting is weak, and the vibration and deformation are large in processing. The upper surface of the part 7 is tightly pressed by a fixed pressing plate 13, and the lower surface of the part is tightly pressed by an adjustable pressing block 17. The pressing device is fixed on the support 11, the support 11 is fixed on the support 8 through two pins 10 with the diameter of 20, and the whole device is very convenient to mount and dismount. The end opening area compressing device 2 strengthens the structural rigidity of the opening end of the part 7, can effectively reduce the problems of cutter relieving, vibration and the like in the machining process, and improves the machining quality of the part 7. The whole device is convenient and flexible to disassemble, and accessories of the device can be assembled and disassembled according to actual processing requirements.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.
Example 3:
the present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, as shown in fig. 14-18, the middle web hole area pressing device 5 comprises a support 27, an adjusting nut 26, a washer 25, and a circular pressing plate 24, the support 27 is arranged inside the part 7, the bottom of the support 27 passes through the part 7 and is connected with the tooling backing plate 6, the top of the support 27 passes upward through the web of the part 7 and is connected with the circular pressing plate 24, and a screw 9 passes through the circular pressing plate 24 and is in threaded connection with the top of the support 27; be located and have set gradually packing ring 25, adjusting nut 26 from last to down on the pillar 27 of part 7 web below, packing ring 25 slidable mounting is on pillar 27, and adjusting nut 26 and pillar 27 threaded connection.
The invention is suitable for the compression of ultrahigh and large-diameter hole structures, a part 7 adopts a double-sided compression mode, the bottom surface is mutually matched through an adjusting nut 26 and a gasket 25 to achieve the supporting effect, the top surface is compressed through a mode of compressing a round pressing plate 24 through a screw 9, and the two compression modes are mutually matched, so that the effects of compressing the part 7 and enhancing the rigidity are achieved. The middle web plate hole area compressing device 5 can effectively enhance the vibration of the weak rigid suspended structure, reduce the processing vibration and stabilize the quality of the part 7.
Further, in the use process of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, a washer 25 with a U-shaped opening and a lightening hole is placed between the adjusting nut 26 and the bottom surface of the web, and the position of the adjusting nut 26 is adjusted to push up the bottom surface of the web; the web top surface hold down structure screws 9 are connected to internal threads on the posts 27 and hold down the top surface of the web through a circular hold down plate 24 with lightening holes as shown in fig. 16. When the surface of the area of the web hole of the part 7 is machined, the lower surface of the part 7 is firstly pressed tightly by adjusting the positions of an adjusting nut 26 and a washer 25, then the outer surface of the part 7 is finely milled, and finally the upper surface of the part 7 is pressed tightly by using a screw 9 and a circular pressing plate 24.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 or 2, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
Example 4:
the embodiment is optimized on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the top surface boss pressing device 4 includes a locking bolt 21 and an overhanging arm 22, the top of the overhanging arm 22 is pressed and connected with the suspended part of the boss 1 on the top surface of the part 7, the locking bolt 21 passes through the overhanging arm 22 and is in threaded connection with the boss 1 on the top surface of the part 7, the locking bolt 21 on the top of the overhanging arm 22 is provided with a nut 14, and two nuts 14 are sequentially arranged on the locking bolt 21 between the overhanging arm 22 and the boss 1; the bottom of the overhanging support arm 22 is connected with a support 8 through a bolt 10, and the support 8 is connected with a tooling cushion plate 6.
Further, the support 8 is connected with the tooling backing plate 6 through a unit support 23.
The upper part of the casting is in a semi-free state, and large vibration exists in the machining process. Firstly, a threaded hole is formed in the boss 1, then an externally overhanging bracket 11 is pressed tightly through a screw 9, and the overhanging bracket 11 is fixed on the support 8 through two pins 10 with the diameter of 20. When the boss 1 is threaded or otherwise machined, the bracket 11 can be removed by removing the plug 10. The top surface boss pressing device 4 effectively enhances the rigidity of the weak rigidity ultrahigh structure through the top surface boss pressing device 4, and reduces the vibration caused by insufficient rigidity in the processing process, thereby ensuring the processing reliability. Meanwhile, the device also provides a new scheme for rigid reinforcement of an ultrahigh weak rigid structure.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the bottom positioning boss pressing device 3 includes a pressing plate 13, a stud 16, and a guide screw 12, the pressing plate 13 is connected to the suspended portion of the boss 1 on the bottom of the part 7, the stud 16 and the guide screw 12 are respectively arranged on the tooling backing plate 6 in parallel, the pressing plate 13 is respectively connected to the stud 16 and the guide screw 12 in a sliding manner, the stud 16 passes through the pressing plate 13 and is connected to the nut 14, and the pressing plate 13 is provided with a kidney-shaped hole corresponding to the stud 16.
Because the structure of the part 7 and the casting precision of the blank are not good, the bottom surface of the casting cannot be completely positioned on the same plane, therefore, the invention adopts the scheme of positioning and pressing the boss 1, and when the part 7 is clamped, the pressing plate 13 is used for pressing the boss 1 on the bottom surface. The invention enhances the reliability of the compaction. Compared with a screw 9 pressing mode, the bottom surface positioning boss pressing device 3 can reduce the size of the boss 1, reduce the cost of a blank, and increase the accessibility and convenience of clamping operation, so that the occupied time of a machine tool is reduced.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 3, and thus are not described again.
Example 5:
the present embodiment is optimized based on any one of embodiments 1 to 4, and as shown in fig. 3 to 5 and 13, the size of the boss 1 is: long L150-55 mm wide W130-35 mm high H125-30 mm; the suspended size L of the boss 1 on the upper surface of the part 7325-28 mm, and the distance L between adjacent bosses 12250-300 mm; as shown in fig. 9, the overhang dimension L of the boss 1 on the lower surface of the component 7 is set to be equal to4＝20～25mm。
Further, as shown in fig. 10, the boss 1 on the bottom surface of the part 7 is provided at a position where the rib 001 intersects with the bead 002 on the bottom surface of the part 7.
If the bottom surface of the part 7 is in a structure that ribs and edge strips 002 are distributed in a crossed mode, the boss 1 is arranged at the position where the ribs 001 and the edge strips 002 are crossed, the positioning contact area of the part 7 is increased, and therefore the clamping rigidity of the part 7 is increased.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 4, and thus are not described again.
Example 6:
a clamping method for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part adopts the clamping device for clamping, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: the upper surface and the lower surface of a part 7 to be machined are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses 1, and the bosses 1 are manufactured in the precision casting process of the part 7;
step S2: pre-pressing the middle web hole area pressing device 5, wherein the screw 9 and the adjusting nut 26 of the middle web hole area pressing device 5 are not screwed, and the middle web hole area pressing device 5 is kept in a fine-adjustable state;
step S3: the top boss pressing devices 4 are pressed tightly and sequentially pressed along the length direction of the part 7, so that stress concentration is avoided;
step S4: pressing the middle web hole area pressing device 5, and screwing the screw 9 and the adjusting nut 26 of the middle web hole area pressing device 5;
step S5: a pressing device 2 for pressing the open area of the end;
step S6: and the pressing sequence of the bottom boss 1 of the part 7 is consistent with that of the top boss 1 of the part 7, so that stress concentration is avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 19, in step S5, the lower surface B of the component 7 is processed, then the lower end pressing device is installed, the upper surface a of the component 7 is processed, and finally the upper end pressing device is installed.
Further, as shown in fig. 20, in the step S4, first, the adjusting nut 26 and the washer 25 are installed on the pillar 27, then the upper surface of the web of the part 7 is finish-milled, and finally, the circular pressing plate 24 and the screw 9 are installed on the pillar 27.
Example 7:
a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device comprises the following components:
1) open-end area compression device 2
As shown in fig. 6-8, the device is mainly used for pressing the open area of the end of the part 7, and the working principle is to press the pressing block 17 at the lower end and then press the pressing plate 13 at the upper end. The working principle of the lower end pressing device is as follows: the pressing block 17 is mounted on the compression screw 18 in a shrinkage fit mode, cannot be taken out, but can be finely adjusted in the height direction and rotated by 360 degrees, and therefore the flexibility of the whole mechanism is improved. The compression screw 18 penetrates through the whole lower end compression mechanism, the top end of the screw 9 can push the pressing block 17 tightly, and the bottom end of the screw is fixed on the support 11 through threads. The compression nut 19 is fixed on the compression screw 18 through threads and a fixing bolt 20, and the nut 14 can adjust the up-down position of the screw 9 through rotation so as to prop against the part 7. The working principle of the upper end pressing device is as follows: the upper end device compresses the pressing plate 13 mainly by screwing the hexagonal nut with shoulder 14, thereby compressing the part 7. The whole set of pressing device is fixed on a support 11, and the support 11 is fixed on a support 8 through two pins 10 with the diameter of 20, so that the whole set of pressing device is extremely convenient to disassemble and assemble.
Since the end area of the part 7 is generally an assembly registration area, the upper and lower surfaces both need to be machined, as shown in fig. 7, the machining sequence is to machine the lower surface B first and then machine the upper surface a. The use of the compression device is shown in figure 19.
2) Bottom positioning boss pressing device 3
As shown in FIG. 9, the bottom surface of the part 7 is positioned and pressed by the boss 1, and after the part 7 is aligned, only the pressing plate 13 is required to press at the boss 1. Distance L for pressing plate 13 into part 74The pressing plane can be manufactured by blank casting or subsequent numerical control machining, wherein the pressing plane is 20-25 mm.
3) Top surface boss pressing device 4
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the device is mainly used for pressing the boss 1 on the top surface, and the main working principle is as follows:
on the boss 1 from which the part 7 is suspended (L)3Area) making a threaded hole;
secondly, the bolt penetrates through the nuts 14 at the 3 positions, the overhanging support arm 22 and the boss 1, and the boss 1 and the support arm are pressed by adjusting the nuts 14 at the 3 positions, as shown in fig. 11 and 12.
And the overhanging support arm 22 is fixed on the support 8 through two bolts 10, so that the disassembly is convenient.
4) Intermediate web hole area pressing device 5
As shown in fig. 6, 14 and 15, the part 7 is pressed in a double-sided manner, the bottom surface mainly bears the force of the adjusting nut 26 and the washer 25, and the top surface mainly bears the force of the internal hexagonal screw 9 and the circular pressing plate 24. As shown in fig. 14 and 18, an adjusting nut 26 is mounted on the pillar 27 by a screw connection, and its upper and lower positions are adjustable for abutting against the washer 25, as shown in fig. 17, with a U-shaped opening and lightening hole structure. The upper surface of the part 7 is pressed against the circular pressing plate 24 through the screw 9, and the screw 9 presses against the corresponding internal thread on the support 27.
Since the part 7 is generally a matching area and the upper surface is a surface to be processed, the processing and clamping sequence of the part 7 is shown in fig. 20.
Example 8:
a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping method comprises the following implementation steps:
the integral clamping scheme of the casting is shown in figure 6 and mainly comprises two types, namely a weak rigid structure on a pressing part 7 and a pressing boss 1, wherein a pressing device is arranged at 4 positions in the drawing: the open-end region pressing device 2 is mainly structured as shown in fig. 8; the bottom positioning boss pressing device 3 is mainly structurally shown in fig. 9; the top boss pressing device 4 is mainly structurally shown in FIG. 11; the intermediate web hole area is compressed against the device 5, the main structure of which is shown in fig. 14. The end is opened regional closing device 2, bottom surface location boss closing device 3, middle web hole region closing device 5 and is adjustable structure, and top surface boss closing device 4 is fixed structure, and consequently, the clamping order of this foundry goods is as follows:
first, the intermediate web hole region pressing device 5 is pre-pressed, and the intermediate region of the component 7 is the least rigid and the most deformable, and is therefore fixed there first. However, since the position accuracy of the top surface boss pressing device 4 is high, the screw 9 and the adjusting nut 26 are not tightened, and the top surface boss pressing device 4 is kept in a state of being finely adjustable in the XY direction.
And secondly, the top boss pressing device 4 is pressed, and the top boss pressing device 4 adopts a mode of milling threaded holes on the boss 1 and pressing by external screws 9, so that the requirements of the whole device on the positions of the threaded holes and the support arms on the boss 1 are high, the device must be pressed firstly and sequentially along the length direction, and stress concentration is avoided.
And thirdly, a pressing device 5 for pressing the hole area of the middle web plate.
And fourthly, pressing the end opening area pressing device 2.
And fifthly, the bottom positioning boss pressing device 3 is pressed, the pressing sequence of the bottom boss 1 is consistent with that of the top surface, and stress concentration is avoided.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A large thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device is characterized in that a part (7) is placed on a tool base plate (6), and the upper surface and the lower surface of the part (7) are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses (1) along the parallel side length; an end opening area pressing device (2) is arranged in an end opening area of the part (7), and a top boss pressing device (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the part (7); the bottom of the part (7) is provided with a bottom surface positioning boss pressing device (3); the middle part of the part (7) is provided with a middle web plate hole area pressing device (5) for pressing the web plate of the part (7) on two sides.
2. A large-scale thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end opening region pressing device (2) comprises a mounting seat, and an upper end pressing device and a lower end pressing device which are arranged on the mounting seat, and a clamping part (7) is fixed between the upper end pressing device and the lower end pressing device; still include support (8), support (11), the top and the mount pad of support (11) are connected, and the bottom is passed through bolt (10) and is connected with support (8), support (8) can be dismantled with frock backing plate (6) and be connected.
3. The clamping device for the large-scale thin-wall frame-type precision casting parts as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end pressing device comprises a pressing plate (13), a stud (16), a guide screw (12) and a nut (14), the stud (16) and the guide screw (12) are arranged on the mounting seat in parallel, the pressing plate (13) is respectively connected with the stud (16) and the guide screw (12) in a sliding manner, and the stud (16) penetrates through the pressing plate (13) and is connected with the nut (14); the lower end pressing device comprises a pressing screw (18), a pressing block (17) and a pressing nut (19), one end of the pressing screw (18) penetrates through the mounting seat and is rotatably connected with the pressing block (17), the pressing nut (19) is fixedly connected with the pressing screw (18) through a fixing bolt (20), and the pressing screw (18) is in threaded connection with the mounting seat; and the part (7) is clamped between the pressing plate (13) and the pressing block (17).
4. The clamping device for the large-scale thin-wall frame type precision casting part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle web hole region pressing device (5) comprises a support pillar (27), an adjusting nut (26), a gasket (25) and a circular pressing plate (24), the support pillar (27) is arranged inside the part (7), the bottom of the support pillar (27) penetrates through the part (7) and is connected with the tooling backing plate (6), the top of the support pillar penetrates upwards through the web of the part (7) and is connected with the circular pressing plate (24), and a screw (9) penetrates through the circular pressing plate (24) and is in threaded connection with the top of the support pillar (27); be located and have set gradually packing ring (25), adjusting nut (26) from last to down on pillar (27) of part (7) web below, packing ring (25) slidable mounting is on pillar (27), and adjusting nut (26) and pillar (27) threaded connection.
5. The clamping device for the large-scale thin-wall frame-type precision casting part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top boss pressing device (4) comprises a locking bolt (21) and an overhanging support arm (22), the top of the overhanging support arm (22) is connected with the suspended part of the boss (1) on the top surface of the part (7) in a pressing manner, the locking bolt (21) penetrates through the overhanging support arm (22) and is in threaded connection with the boss (1) on the top surface of the part (7), the locking bolt (21) on the top of the overhanging support arm (22) is provided with a nut (14), and the locking bolt (21) between the overhanging support arm (22) and the boss (1) is sequentially provided with two nuts (14); the bottom of the overhanging support arm (22) is connected with a support (8) through a bolt (10), and the support (8) is connected with a tooling cushion plate (6).
6. The clamping device for the large-scale thin-wall frame-type precision casting part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom positioning boss pressing device (3) comprises a pressing plate (13), a stud (16) and a guide screw (12), the pressing plate (13) is connected with a suspended position of the boss (1) on the bottom of the part (7), the stud (16) and the guide screw (12) are respectively arranged on the tooling backing plate (6) in parallel, the pressing plate (13) is respectively connected with the stud (16) and the guide screw (12) in a sliding manner, the stud (16) penetrates through the pressing plate (13) and is connected with the nut (14), and the pressing plate (13) is provided with a kidney-shaped hole corresponding to the stud (16).
7. A large-scale thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the size of the boss (1) is as follows: long L1= 50-55 mm and width W1= 30-35 mm, high H1= 25-30 mm; the suspension size L of the boss (1) on the upper surface of the part (7)3= 25-28 mm, and the distance L between adjacent bosses (1)2= 250-300 mm; the suspended size L of the boss (1) on the lower surface of the part (7)4=20~25mm。
8. A large-scale thin-wall frame type precision casting part clamping device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the boss (1) on the bottom surface of the part (7) is arranged at the position where the rib (001) on the bottom surface of the part (7) intersects with the edge strip (002).
9. A clamping method for a large thin-wall frame type precision casting part, which is used for clamping by adopting the clamping device of claims 1-8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: the upper surface and the lower surface of a part (7) to be machined are respectively provided with double rows of semi-suspended bosses (1), and the bosses (1) are manufactured in the precision casting process of the part (7);
step S2: pre-pressing the middle web hole area pressing device (5), wherein a screw (9) and an adjusting nut (26) of the middle web hole area pressing device (5) are not screwed down, and the middle web hole area pressing device (5) is kept in a fine-adjustable state;
step S3: the top boss pressing devices (4) are pressed tightly and sequentially pressed along the length direction of the part (7), so that stress concentration is avoided;
step S4: pressing the middle web plate hole area pressing device (5), and screwing down a screw (9) and an adjusting nut (26) of the middle web plate hole area pressing device (5);
step S5: a pressing device (2) for pressing the open area of the end;
step S6: and the pressing sequence of the bottom surface boss (1) of the part (7) is consistent with that of the top surface boss (1) of the part (7) so as to avoid stress concentration.
10. The clamping method for the large-scale thin-wall frame type precision casting parts as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S5, the B surface of the lower surface of the part (7) is firstly processed, then the lower end pressing device is installed, then the a surface of the upper surface of the part (7) is processed, and finally the upper end pressing device is installed.
11. A clamping method for large thin-wall frame type precision casting parts as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S4, first, the adjusting nut (26) and the washer (25) are installed on the pillar (27), then the upper surface of the web of the part (7) is finely milled, and finally the circular pressing plate (24) and the screw (9) are installed on the pillar (27).
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