CN113181948B - Uranium atom catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uranium atom catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation. The method comprises the steps of firstly, stabilizing a uranium compound by using a chelating agent to form a uranium complex molecule; subsequently, during the self-assembly of the MOF, the uranium complex molecules will be confined to the MOF channels; and finally, by high-temperature calcination in an inert or reducing atmosphere, the nitrogen-doped carbon derived from the MOF immobilizes the uranium single atoms, thereby avoiding the uranium from agglomerating into clusters and nano-particles. The method is easy to operate, and the obtained uranium monatomic material has good thermal stability and is not easy to sinter and agglomerate. The invention synthesizes the nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded uranium atom catalyst for the first time, and provides reference significance for reasonably designing actinide monoatomic materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation, and particularly relates to a uranium atom catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Catalysis is a key technology for solving the energy and environmental problems faced by the human society. In supported metal catalysts, the dispersion of the active metal has a profound effect on catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. In recent years, monatomic catalysts that achieve high-efficiency catalysis by making full use of each metal site have become a focus of research in the field of catalysis. In the monatomic catalysis, an isolated metal site and a coordination environment thereof are crucial to catalytic reaction and are main sources of high activity and high selectivity of the monatomic catalyst. By selecting different metal types and optimizing the coordination environment, the adsorption/desorption properties of the metal sites to reactant molecules can be effectively adjusted, so that the optimal catalytic performance is obtained.
To date, most metals on the periodic table have been designed as monoatomic sites to explore possible catalytic potential. Whether noble (platinum, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, etc.) or non-noble (iron, cobalt, nickel, etc.) metals, even lanthanide metals (erbium, yttrium, cerium, etc.) have been designed as monatomic materials, exhibiting a rich variety of coordination structures and catalytic properties. However, actinides, represented by uranium, are less well designed as monatomic active sites, which is very detrimental to an in-depth understanding of the chemical coordination structure and catalytic properties of uranium-containing materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a uranium atom catalyst and a preparation method thereof, the nitrogen-doped carbon-supported uranium atom catalyst is synthesized for the first time, and reference significance is provided for reasonable design of actinide monoatomic materials.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a uranium atom catalyst comprises the following steps:
mixing the chelating agent solution, the uranium compound solution and the zinc compound solution, stirring, adding into the organic ligand solution, and continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution; placing the obtained mixed solution at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h, separating, washing and drying to obtain a precipitate;
in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, heating the obtained precipitate to 900-1000 ℃, calcining for 0.5-3h, cooling, and taking out black solid powder which is the uranium atom catalyst.
Further, the chelating agent solution, the uranium compound solution, the zinc compound solution and the organic ligand solution are respectively prepared from methanol.
Further, the molar concentration of the chelating agent solution is 0.002-0.004 mol/L; the molar concentration of the uranium compound solution is 0.002-0.004 mol/L; the molar concentration of the zinc compound solution is 0.4-0.6 mol/L; the molar concentration of the organic ligand solution is 1-1.6 mol/L.
Further, the volume ratio of the chelating agent solution to the uranium compound solution to the zinc compound solution to the organic ligand solution is 1:1:1: 1.5.
Further, the chelating agent is 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, because 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid can strongly coordinate uranyl ions to form a stable uranium complex, and the complex can effectively resist attack of high-concentration zinc compounds and 2-methylimidazole and is prevented from decomposition; the uranium compound is uranyl nitrate or uranyl chloride; the zinc compound is any one of zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and zinc chloride; the organic ligand is 2-methylimidazole, and the ligand is easy to form a stable MOF material with a zinc compound.
Further, the stirring time is 1-5h, and the continuous stirring time is 1-2 h.
Further, the washing process is to wash with methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively for 3-5 times in sequence.
Further, the drying temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Further, the inert atmosphere is argon or nitrogen; the reducing atmosphere is 10% H2Argon-hydrogen mixture gas.
The invention also provides a uranium atom catalyst prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, stabilizing a uranium compound by using a chelating agent to form a uranium complex molecule; subsequently, during the self-assembly process of the MOF, uranium complex molecules are restricted in MOF pore channels; and finally, by high-temperature calcination in an inert or reducing atmosphere, the nitrogen-doped carbon derived from the MOF immobilizes the uranium single atoms, thereby avoiding the uranium from agglomerating into clusters and nano-particles. The method has simple process steps, easy operation, low cost and low toxicity by taking methanol as an organic solvent; the uranium monatomic material is produced based on high-temperature pyrolysis, and the obtained uranium monatomic material is good in thermal stability and not easy to sinter and agglomerate. The invention synthesizes the nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded uranium monatomic catalyst for the first time and provides reference significance for reasonably designing actinide monatomic materials.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of a nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of the uranium atom catalyst prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a photograph and elemental distribution plot of a high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) of the uranium atom catalyst prepared in example 3;
fig. 4 is a photograph and an elemental distribution chart of a high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) of the uranium cluster catalyst prepared in example 4;
fig. 5 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of the uranium nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 5.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
a. Under the condition of stirring, adding 30mL of zinc nitrate methanol solution with the concentration of 0.13mol/L into 15mL of 2-methylimidazole methanol solution with the concentration of 1.06mol/L, and stirring vigorously for 1 h;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained white precipitate for 3 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the white precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃;
d. and c, placing the white precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, heating the porcelain boat to 900 ℃ in Ar atmosphere, calcining the porcelain boat for 3 hours, cooling the porcelain boat to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder which is the nitrogen-doped carbon carrier used by the uranium monatomic catalyst.
Fig. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of the nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared in example 1, which shows that the nitrogen-doped carbon has uniform particle size and good morphology. As the practical carrier of the uranium monatomic catalyst synthesized by the invention.
Example 2
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.002mol/L1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid methanol solution, 0.002mol/L uranyl nitrate methanol solution and 0.4mol/L zinc nitrate methanol solution, stirring for 2 hours, adding the above solutions into 15mL of 1.06 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1 hour;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained light yellow precipitate for 3 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the light yellow precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃;
d. and c, putting the light yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tubular furnace, heating to 900 ℃ in Ar atmosphere, calcining for 3h, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder, namely the uranium atom catalyst.
Fig. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of the uranium atom catalyst prepared in example 2, which can be observed that uranium clusters and nanoparticles are not found in the catalyst.
Example 3
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.004mol/L methanol solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, 0.004mol/L uranyl nitrate methanol solution and 0.4mol/L zinc nitrate methanol solution, stirring for 2h, adding the above solution into 15mL of 1.06 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1 h;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained light yellow precipitate for 3 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the light yellow precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃;
d. and c, putting the light yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tubular furnace, heating to 900 ℃ in Ar atmosphere, calcining for 3h, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder, namely the uranium atom catalyst.
Fig. 3 is a photograph (fig. a and b) and an elemental distribution map (fig. c) of a high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) of the uranium monatomic catalyst prepared in example 3. No uranium particles are found in panel a, a large number of uranium single atoms are observed from panel b and no uranium clusters are present, and the distribution of uranium in the material is confirmed by the element distribution diagram of panel c. In summary, uranium is dispersed as a single atom on a nitrogen-doped carbon support.
Example 4
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.02mol/L methanol solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, 0.02mol/L uranyl nitrate methanol solution and 0.4mol/L zinc nitrate methanol solution, stirring for 2h, adding the above solutions into 15mL of 1.06 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1 h;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained yellow precipitate for 4 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the yellow precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃;
d. and c, placing the yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, heating to 900 ℃ in Ar atmosphere, calcining for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder, namely the uranium cluster catalyst.
Fig. 4 is a photograph and an elemental distribution chart of a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) of the uranium cluster catalyst prepared in example 4. As shown in fig. 4, uranium clusters are clearly visible.
Example 5
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.04mol/L methanol solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, 0.04mol/L uranyl nitrate methanol solution and 0.4mol/L zinc nitrate methanol solution, stirring for 2h, adding the above solution into 15mL of 1.06 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1 h;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained yellow precipitate for 3 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the yellow precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃;
d. and c, placing the yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, heating to 900 ℃ in Ar atmosphere, calcining for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder, namely the uranium nanoparticle catalyst.
Fig. 5 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of the uranium nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 5. It can be seen that the uranium nanoparticles are densely distributed on the nitrogen-doped carbon support. Example 5 illustrates that the amount of uranium compound used affects the preparation of uranium single atom catalysts, and that a ten-fold amount of uranium compared to example 3 results in nitrogen-doped carbon not being able to fix so many uranium atoms to form nanoparticles.
Example 6
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.003mol/L methanol solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, 0.003mol/L uranyl chloride methanol solution and 0.5mol/L zinc chloride methanol solution, stirring for 3 hours, adding the solution into 15mL of 1.3 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1.5 hours;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 5 hours at the reaction temperature of 150 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained light yellow precipitate for 5 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃;
d. c, placing the light yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, and performing reaction in a reaction environment N2Heating to 950 ℃ in the atmosphere, calcining for 2h, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder which is the uranium atom catalyst.
Example 7
a, uniformly mixing 10mL of 0.004mol/L methanol solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid, 0.003mol/L uranyl chloride methanol solution and 0.6mol/L zinc sulfate methanol solution, stirring for 3 hours, adding the above solution into 15mL of 1.6 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and vigorously stirring for 1.5 hours;
b. transferring the solution obtained in the step a to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 6 hours at the reaction temperature of 130 ℃;
c. c, centrifugally separating the suspension obtained in the step b, washing the obtained light yellow precipitate for 3 times by using methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide respectively, and drying the light yellow precipitate in vacuum at the temperature of 50 ℃;
d. c, placing the light yellow precipitate obtained in the step c into a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, and adding the porcelain boat into the tube furnace until the content of H is 10 percent2Heating to 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of argon-hydrogen mixed gas, calcining for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature after heating is finished, and taking out black solid powder which is the uranium atom catalyst.
Example 8
The difference from example 2 is that the heating temperature in step d is 1000 ℃. Obtaining the uranium atom catalyst.
Comparative example 1
The same as example 2, except that 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid was not added as a chelating agent.
As a result, it was found that uranium clusters appeared in the resulting catalyst.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that the high temperature calcination step of step d is not performed.
As a result, it was found that: only MOF materials containing uranium are available.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that the washing step of step c was not performed and the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was directly dried.
As a result, it was found that: the pyrolysed material contains a large excess of 2-methylimidazole derived carbon particles.
Comparative example 4
The same as example 2 except that the volume ratio of the 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid methanol solution, the uranyl nitrate methanol solution, the zinc nitrate methanol solution and the 2-methylimidazole methanol solution was 1:1: 0.5.
As a result, it was found that: because the MOF ligand 2-methylimidazole is less, the nitrogen-doped carbon-supported uranium monatomic catalyst cannot be obtained after pyrolysis, and the catalyst is a uranium nanoparticle material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a uranium atom catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the chelating agent solution, the uranium compound solution and the zinc compound solution, stirring, adding into the organic ligand solution, and continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution; placing the obtained mixed solution at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h, separating, washing and drying to obtain a precipitate;
in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, heating the obtained precipitate to 900-1000 ℃, calcining for 0.5-3h, cooling, and taking out black solid powder which is the uranium atom catalyst;
the chelating agent is 1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid;
the organic ligand is 2-methylimidazole;
the molar concentration of the chelating agent solution is 0.002-0.004 mol/L; the molar concentration of the uranium compound solution is 0.002-0.004 mol/L; the molar concentration of the zinc compound solution is 0.4-0.6 mol/L; the molar concentration of the organic ligand solution is 1-1.6 mol/L;
the volume ratio of the chelating agent solution to the uranium compound solution to the zinc compound solution to the organic ligand solution is 1:1:1: 1.5.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the chelating agent solution, the uranium compound solution, the zinc compound solution, and the organic ligand solution are each prepared from methanol.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said uranium compound is uranyl nitrate or uranyl chloride; the zinc compound is any one of zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and zinc chloride.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the chelating agent solution, the uranium compound solution and the zinc compound solution are mixed and stirred for 1-5 h; adding the mixture into the organic ligand solution, and continuously stirring for 1-2 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing is carried out 3 to 5 times by sequentially washing with methanol and N, N-dimethylformamide.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 50 to 70 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inert atmosphere is argon or nitrogen; the reducing atmosphere is 10% H2Argon-hydrogen mixture gas.
8. A uranium atom catalyst produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN113913866B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-12 | 西南科技大学 | Preparation method and application of uranium-supported metal-organic framework catalyst |
| CN115261923B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-05-17 | 西南科技大学 | Preparation and application of monoatomic uranium-titanium dioxide catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen synthesis of ammonia |
| CN116873858B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-12-29 | 烟台大学 | Catalyst of radioactive hydrogen storage material, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material and preparation method |
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