CN113180817A - Electrosurgical instrument based on smokeless electrode - Google Patents
Electrosurgical instrument based on smokeless electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN113180817A CN113180817A CN202110607140.5A CN202110607140A CN113180817A CN 113180817 A CN113180817 A CN 113180817A CN 202110607140 A CN202110607140 A CN 202110607140A CN 113180817 A CN113180817 A CN 113180817A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- coating
- electrosurgical instrument
- smokeless
- metal
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
- C23C14/0611—Diamond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0635—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00089—Thermal conductivity
- A61B2018/00095—Thermal conductivity high, i.e. heat conducting
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
- A61B2018/0013—Coatings on the energy applicator non-sticking
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1412—Blade
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electrosurgery instrument based on a smokeless electrode, belongs to the field of medical equipment, and aims to coat a coating with high thermal conductivity, low friction coefficient, high temperature resistance and high flexibility on a tool bit at the tail end of a metal electrode of a traditional electrosurgery instrument by adopting a growth process. Wherein, the coating material comprises one of graphene, carbon nano tube, metal nano wire, silicon carbide, diamond and titanium nitride material; the coating method comprises the processes of wet transfer, spin coating, drop coating, deposition and the like. According to the electrosurgical instrument provided by the invention, the coating material can uniformly heat human tissues and avoid adhesion of burnt tissues, so that surgical smoke is eliminated, the harm of smoke to the health of patients and medical care personnel is avoided, the time spent on smoke pumping in the surgical process can be avoided, and the surgical safety is improved; the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the real-time performance is strong; the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to an electrosurgical instrument for eliminating surgical smoke.
Background
In recent years, high-frequency electric knife pens, LEEP knives, endoscopic electric knives and other electrosurgical instruments are widely used clinically, and they heat tissues through high-frequency current generated by the tip of an electrode to achieve the purpose of cutting and coagulating body tissues. However, during use of electrosurgical instruments, high temperatures can produce an aerosolized substance, known as surgical smoke, due to incomplete combustion of components of human tissue such as proteins, fats, etc. Surgical smoke is an air pollutant whose chemical components include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and the like. The hydrogen cyanide released by acrylonitrile is colorless and toxic, can be absorbed by human body through skin, lung and digestive tract, benzene has carcinogenicity, and carbon monoxide can compete with oxygen in blood to bind with hemoglobin, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Surgical smoke is cytotoxic and potentially mutagenic, and may also contain infectious viruses and bacteria such as aids viruses, human papilloma, and the like, and medical personnel are vulnerable to physical health after long-term exposure to such contaminants.
At present, two main protection measures for surgical smoke in an operating room are provided, namely smoke generated by smoke pumping and exhausting equipment is used for pumping; secondly, personal protection is well carried out, and goggles and an N95 or N100 protective mask are worn; both of these methods, however, have certain drawbacks. At present, operating rooms in most domestic areas use smoke pumping and exhausting equipment to remove operation smoke, a specific method is that a surgical assistant uses a smoke suction head to suck smoke along with surgical instruments of a leading doctor, and the method has the following problems: manpower is wasted, an assistant needs to hold the suction apparatus ceaselessly to suck smoke along with a main scalpel, and the operation cannot be matched in time; the general aspirator head is relatively large and can interfere or obstruct the visual field of the doctor; once the aspirator is put down to cooperate with the operation, the generated smoke is discharged to the operation room to cause pollution. In the aspect of personal protection, the N95 or N100 protective mask can only protect the respiratory system from infection, and the visual field interference of smoke cannot be eliminated even if the goggles are worn, which affects the operation progress and safety.
The invention aims to provide a new idea aiming at the problems of diffusion and pollution of surgical smog: the generation of operation smoke in the use process of the electrosurgical instrument is eliminated (the operation smoke obstructs the sight of doctors on one hand, and produces unpleasant smell on the other hand, and releases toxic and harmful substances into the air, thereby generating long-term potential harm to the health of human bodies). The technical scheme of the invention is to develop an electrosurgical instrument based on a smokeless electrode, wherein a thin film material coating with high thermal conductivity, low friction coefficient and high temperature resistance is coated on a metal electrode tool bit of the electrosurgical instrument. The excellent heat conductivity enables the tissue to be heated more uniformly, the generated eschar is less, and the smoke is weakened; in addition, the extremely low friction coefficient can prevent the electrode cutter head from being adhered to human tissues, so that the burnt substances attached to the metal electrode cutter head are greatly reduced, and the smoke generated in the operation is greatly reduced; the high temperature resistance can prolong the service life of the device. The elimination of the operation smoke can obviously reduce the interference to the visual field of doctors, and the smoke does not need to be sucked, thereby accelerating the operation process. The invention has simple structure, low cost and strong practicability, and can effectively protect the health and safety of patients and medical care personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the existing diffusion and pollution protection technology of operation smoke and provide an electrosurgery instrument based on a smokeless electrode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an electrosurgery apparatus based on smokeless electrode, including insulating casing, metal electrode, the terminal tool bit of metal electrode, coating material, connecting wire and high frequency generator, for adopting material growth technology to coat on the terminal tool bit of metal electrode of traditional electrosurgery apparatus has high heat conductivity, low coefficient of friction, high temperature resistant and flexible high coating, realize the even heating to human tissue to avoid the adhesion of burning tissue, and then eliminate the harmful operation smog that produces among the operation process, wherein, coating and human tissue contact. The electrode coating covers the surface of the tool bit of the whole metal electrode, the two sides of the tool bit are covered with the coating, and the surfaces of the side edges of the tool bit are also covered with the coating.
The thickness of the coating on the tool bit is 70-200 nanometers, and the nanometer thickness is beneficial to enhancing the interaction between the coating and the substrate and reducing the abrasion; the shape of the coating is controllable, and the coating is suitable for electrodes and tool bits with various shapes and sizes.
The coating is made of one of graphene, carbon nano tubes, metal nanowires, silicon carbide, diamond and titanium nitride. Wherein, the metal in the metal nanowire is one or a combination of more of Pt, Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Fe, Sn, Mn, W, Cu, Ti, Mo and Zn.
The coating method comprises the processes of wet transfer, spin coating, drop coating, deposition and the like.
The material growth process comprises a chemical vapor deposition method, a liquid phase stripping method, an epitaxial method, a hydrothermal method and a magnetron sputtering method.
Further, the specific steps of coating the cutter head at the tail end of the metal electrode are as follows:
firstly, the surface of the cutter head of the metal electrode which receives the coating is cleaned, organic and inorganic impurities on the surface are removed, and the interface combination of the coating and the surface of the metal electrode cutter head is improved.
Then, preparing graphene, carbon nano tubes, metal nanowires, silicon carbide, diamond and titanium nitride coating materials by a growth process, specifically:
(1) preparing graphene by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method or a liquid phase stripping method; wherein the graphene has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 5300W/m.K, the friction coefficient of 0.004 and the melting point of 3000 ℃;
chemical vapor deposition method: and (3) taking the polycrystalline nickel as a growth substrate, taking methane as a carbon source, and obtaining the graphene film at the growth temperature of 1000 ℃. Liquid phase stripping method: adding graphite powder into N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), adding NaOH to improve the stripping efficiency of graphene, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant to obtain a multilayer graphene solution.
(2) Preparing carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition; wherein, the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon nano tube is 2000W/m.K, the friction coefficient is 0.03, and the melting point is 3550 ℃;
the carbon nanotube is obtained by using silicon dioxide as a growth substrate, Fe/MgO as a catalyst and acetylene and benzene as carbon sources.
(3) Preparing metal nanowires by a hydrothermal method; wherein the heat conductivity coefficient of the metal nanowire is more than or equal to 400W/m.K, the friction coefficient is 0.03, and the melting point is more than or equal to 500 ℃;
(4) preparing silicon carbide, diamond and titanium nitride by adopting a magnetron sputtering method; wherein, the heat conductivity coefficient of the silicon carbide is 83W/m.K, the friction coefficient is less than 0.1, the melting point is as follows: 2700 deg.C; the heat conductivity coefficient of the diamond is 3000W/m.K, the friction coefficient is less than 0.1, and the melting point is 3550 ℃; the titanium nitride has a thermal conductivity of 30W/m.K, a friction coefficient of less than 0.1 and a melting point of 2950 ℃.
Finally, the coating material is applied to the cleaned electrode tip surface by one of a wet film transfer, drop coating, spin coating, deposition, and the like, to form a smokeless electrode-based electrosurgical instrument. The thickness of the coating is the sum of the thicknesses of the upper and lower surface covering coatings, and the thickness is required to be in a nanometer size.
Among the conventional electrosurgical instruments: the insulation shell comprises an insulation forceps handle 4 and a forceps handle sleeve 5, wherein the forceps handle sleeve 5 is sleeved at the end part of the insulation forceps handle 4 and used for fixing the insulation forceps handle 4 serving as a forceps body. The metal electrode comprises a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3, is made of metal and is symmetrically arranged; the metal electrode is arranged at the other end of the insulating forceps handle 4 and is connected with a high-frequency generator of an electrosurgery system through a connecting lead, the generated high-frequency current generates high temperature through the conductive electrode part, the temperature is conducted to the knife head and the coating part 1 on the surface of the knife head, and finally the high-frequency current is conducted to the human tissue contacted with the coating part 1 on the surface of the knife head. After the current flows through the human body, it returns to the high frequency generator through the negative plate in contact with the human body.
Furthermore, the electrode and the tool bit at the tail end of the electrode are made of metal materials, including stainless steel, tungsten alloy and the like.
Further, the conventional electrosurgical instrument includes a high frequency electric knife, a LEEP knife, an endoscopic electric knife, and the like.
Furthermore, the metal electrode body is a telescopic electrode, a plug-in electrode or a common electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the device mainly eliminates the operation smoke generated by high-temperature vaporization in the using process of the electrosurgical instrument, thereby avoiding the harm of the smoke to the health of patients and medical care personnel, avoiding the time spent on smoke pumping in the operation process and improving the operation safety.
2) The adhesion of human tissues on the electrode tool bit of the instrument and the generation of eschar are avoided, the service life of the instrument is prolonged, the operation process is accelerated, the relative injury in the operation is small, and the operation safety is improved.
3) The invention provides a new instrument which can reduce operation smoke without changing the structures of common electrosurgical instruments and a main machine, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, strong real-time property and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the transfer of a graphene coating to the surface of a metal electrode tip;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of interlayer sliding of graphene under stress;
in the figure: 1 electrode end tool bit coating, 2 metal electrode positive pole, 3 metal electrode negative poles, 4 insulating tweezers handles, 5 tweezers handle sleeve pipes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content of the technical scheme of the invention clearer, the following further description is made in combination with the technical scheme and the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the overall structure of the electrosurgical instrument without the smoke electrode is schematically shown, and the electrosurgical instrument is further provided with a high-frequency generator (not shown in fig. 1) which provides high-frequency current to drive and control the metal electrode, so that the energy is transmitted to the metal electrode to perform electrocautery or tissue cutting while hemostasis is performed by applying radio-frequency signals. The positive and negative electrodes 2 and 3 of the metal electrode are made of conductive metal materials (stainless steel, tungsten alloy and the like), one end of the metal electrode is an insulating shell (forceps handle) 4, the insulating shell is made of insulating materials and is a handheld operation part, and a forceps handle sleeve 5 is arranged on the insulating shell. The surfaces of the end tool bits of the metal electrodes 2 and 3 are covered with a thin film material coating 1 which is high in thermal conductivity, anti-adhesion and high-temperature resistant and is coated by wet transfer, spin coating, drop coating and deposition processes.
First, the surfaces of the coated metal electrodes 2, 3 are pretreated to improve the interfacial bonding between the coating 1 and the surfaces of the metal electrodes 2, 3, which significantly improves the adhesion of the coating to the metal surfaces. Mainly carries out cleaning treatment on the surface of the metal electrode tool bit to remove organic and inorganic impurities on the surface. Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment by using an acetone solution, an isopropanol solution and deionized water, wherein the ultrasonic treatment power, the temperature and the time of the three solutions are the same and are respectively as follows: 80W, room temperature, 15 minutes.
Then, coating materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, silicon carbide, diamond, titanium nitride and the like are prepared through a growth process.
(1) The preparation method of the graphene adopts a chemical vapor deposition method, polycrystalline nickel with the thickness of 300nm is used as a growth substrate, a carbon source is methane, the growth temperature is 1000 ℃, and 100 graphene films with the thickness of 35nm are obtained. Another preparation method of the graphene adopts a liquid phase stripping technology, the surface energy of an organic solvent N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) is matched with graphene, inorganic salt NaOH is added to improve the stripping efficiency of the graphene, graphite powder is subjected to mild ultrasonic treatment in NMP and NaOH for 30min at the power of 40W, then the graphite powder is centrifuged for 90min at the speed of 500r/min, and a supernatant is taken to obtain a multilayer graphene solution with the concentration of 5 mg/mL.
(2) The carbon nanotube is prepared by chemical vapor deposition, wherein silica with a thickness of 300nm is used as a growth substrate, Fe/MgO is used as a catalyst, acetylene and benzene are used as carbon sources, the growth temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 1atm, the growth time is 20-30min, and the thickness is 50 nm.
(3) The preparation method of the metal (one or a combination of more of Pt, Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Fe, Sn, Mn, W, Cu, Ti, Mo and Zn) nanowire is a hydrothermal method, taking the preparation of the copper nanowire as an example, 1.7g of copper chloride dihydrate, 4g of glucose and 14g of hexadecylamine are dissolved in water, stirred for 12 hours, heated at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, cooled, centrifuged and dispersed in isopropanol solution to obtain the copper nanowire.
(4) The preparation method of the silicon carbide, the diamond and the titanium nitride is a magnetron sputtering method, taking the preparation of the silicon carbide as an example, a high-purity silicon wafer is used as a target source, methane is used as reaction gas, argon is used as sputtering gas, and the silicon carbide film is obtained under the conditions of 0.4mTorr and 850 ℃.
Finally, the coating material is applied to the cleaned electrode tip surface by one of a wet film transfer, drop coating, spin coating, deposition, and the like, to form a smokeless electrode-based electrosurgical instrument.
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
an electrosurgical instrument based on a graphene-coated smokeless electrode is disclosed in fig. 1, wherein a graphene coating with high thermal conductivity, adhesion resistance and high temperature resistance is coated on the outer surface of an electrode bit of the whole electrosurgical instrument (high-frequency electric knife), and the following is provided:
firstly, growing large-area high-quality graphene with the thickness of 100 layers by using a chemical vapor deposition method. Then, the multilayer graphene is transferred to cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode tool bit by a wet transfer, spin coating and other thin film transfer technologies, and the schematic diagram of the wet transfer is shown in fig. 2. Wherein the size of the graphene is as follows: the length and the width are consistent with the size and the shape of the electrode; the thickness of the graphene is 70 nm (100 layers of graphene coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode), and the nano-sized thickness helps to enhance the interaction of the coating with the substrate and reduce wear.
The graphite alkene coating is used for contacting with the human tissue, and the high frequency generator of electrosurgery system is passed through in the cable connection to the instrument electrode, high frequency generator produces high frequency current and high temperature, and through the metal electrode of heat conduction, conduction to tool bit and graphite alkene coating, graphite alkene coating has good heat conductivity, and the high temperature is conducted evenly to the human tissue that contacts with graphite alkene coating, accomplishes cutting or blood coagulation function, reduces simultaneously because of the part that the heating is inhomogeneous leads to scorches and smog diffusion.
The surface roughness of the multilayer graphene coating is low, and van der waals forces exist between layers; in the use process, the friction between human tissues and the rough surfaces of the metal electrodes is converted into the sliding between graphene layers under the action of external force, so that the tissues are hardly adhered, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 3. Because no burnt tissue is adhered to the surface of the electrode of the instrument, the surgical smoke generated by the continuous heating of the burnt tissue is avoided.
Example 2:
the electrosurgery instrument based on the smokeless electrode with the carbon nano tube coating covers the outer surface of the electrode cutter head of the whole electrosurgery instrument (high-frequency electrotome) with the carbon nano tube coating with high thermal conductivity, adhesion resistance and high temperature resistance, and comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, a carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 5 cm multiplied by 5 cm and 50 nm is grown by a chemical vapor deposition method, and the shape of the carbon nano tube film is cut to be consistent with the size and the shape of an electrode tool bit by scissors. Then, the carbon nanotube films are transferred to cover the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode tip by a wet transfer technique.
The carbon nanotube coating has a thickness of 100 nm (50 nm thick carbon nanotube film transferred on the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode), and the nano-sized thickness helps to enhance the interaction of the coating with the substrate and reduce wear.
Example 3:
electrosurgery apparatus based on copper nano wire coating smokeless electrode covers the surface of whole electrosurgery apparatus (high frequency electrotome) electrode tool bit with high heat conductivity, antiseized glutinous, high temperature resistant copper nano wire coating, specifically as follows:
firstly, 1.7g of copper chloride dihydrate, 4g of glucose and 14g of hexadecylamine are dissolved in water by a hydrothermal method, stirred for 12 hours, heated for 6 hours at 120 ℃, cooled, centrifuged and dispersed in an isopropanol solution to obtain the copper nanowire floating liquid. And then, coating the floating liquid drops of the copper nanowires on the upper surface of the electrode tool bit by a dripping method, after evaporation and solidification at room temperature, coating the floating liquid drops of the copper nanowires on the lower surface of the electrode tool bit by the dripping method again, and evaporation and solidification at room temperature.
Thickness of copper nanowire coating: the 200 nm (100 nm thick carbon nanotube film transferred on the top and bottom surfaces of the electrode) nanometer size thickness helps to enhance the coating interaction with the substrate and reduce wear.
Example 4:
the electrosurgery instrument based on smokeless electrode of carborundum coating covers the surface of whole electrosurgery instrument (high frequency electrotome) electrode tool bit with high heat conductivity, antiseized glutinous, high temperature resistant carborundum coating, specifically as follows:
firstly, an electrode is placed in a cavity of a magnetron sputtering device, and the vacuum degree of the cavity is kept at 10-5Pa, filling a high-purity silicon carbide target source, and directly depositing a silicon carbide film on the upper surface of the tool bit at the tail end of the electrode by using a magnetron sputtering method. Then, the chamber of the magnetron sputtering device was opened, the reverse side of the electrode was turned upward, and the vacuum degree of the chamber was maintained at 10-5And Pa, directly depositing a silicon carbide film on the lower surface of the tool bit at the tail end of the electrode by using a magnetron sputtering method.
Thickness of silicon carbide coating: the 200 nm (100 nm thick carbon nanotube film transferred on the top and bottom surfaces of the electrode) nanometer size thickness helps to enhance the coating interaction with the substrate and reduce wear.
The invention mainly solves the problem that the high temperature acts on human tissues in the using process of the electrosurgical instrument, so that a large amount of operation smoke is caused by incomplete combustion of components such as protein, fat and the like, and the body health of medical staff is further influenced. The invention has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, convenient operation and easy manufacture, and effectively solves the problem that a large amount of smoke is generated when the prior electrosurgical instrument is used; the visual field of an operating physician is slightly influenced, and the workload of an operating assistant is reduced, so that the working efficiency is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electrosurgical instrument based on a smokeless electrode is improved from a traditional electrosurgical instrument, and is characterized in that a growing process is adopted to coat a coating with high thermal conductivity, low friction coefficient, high temperature resistance, high flexibility and controllable shape on a tool bit at the tail end of a metal electrode of the traditional electrosurgical instrument, so that the uniform heating of human tissues is realized, the adhesion of burnt tissues is avoided, and further smoke is eliminated, wherein the tool bit is cleaned before being coated; the thickness of the coating is the sum of the thicknesses of the upper surface and the lower surface covering coatings, and the thickness is required to be in a nanometer size;
the coating is made of one of graphene, carbon nano tubes, metal nano wires, silicon carbide, diamond and titanium nitride.
2. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the coating on the cutting head is 70-200 nanometers.
3. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the metal of the metal nanowires is one or a combination of Pt, Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Fe, Sn, Mn, W, Cu, Ti, Mo, Zn.
4. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the coating method comprises wet transfer, spin coating, drop coating, deposition, or other processes.
5. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the growth process comprises chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase lift-off growth, epitaxy, hydrothermal, magnetron sputtering.
6. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the coating on the cutting head of the metal electrode tip is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparing graphene by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method or a liquid phase stripping method;
(2) preparing carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition;
(3) preparing metal nanowires by a hydrothermal method;
(4) the silicon carbide, the diamond and the titanium nitride are prepared by a magnetron sputtering method.
7. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the cutting head is a metallic material.
8. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said conventional electrosurgical instrument comprises a high frequency electrosurgical knife, LEEP knife, endoscopic electrosurgical knife, or other electrosurgical instrument.
9. The smokeless electrode based electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the metal electrode is a retractable electrode, a pluggable electrode, or a conventional electrode.
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| CN117165918A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 成都仕康美医疗器械有限公司 | Electrode for electrosurgical instrument for reducing tissue eschar and preparation method thereof |
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