CN113180575A

CN113180575A - Optical zoom device using torque transmission and endoscope

Info

Publication number: CN113180575A
Application number: CN202110475940.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊乔洲; 白晓淞; 杜晨晓
Original assignee: Innermedical Co ltd
Current assignee: Innermedical Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-29
Filing date: 2021-04-29
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Also published as: WO2022227884A1

Abstract

The invention provides an optical zoom device using torque transmission and an endoscope, wherein the optical zoom device comprises a transmission device, a zoom mechanism and a control mechanism, the zoom mechanism comprises a lens barrel, a zoom base and a zoom lens, the zoom base is installed on the lens barrel and can move on the lens barrel in a front-and-back mode, the zoom lens is connected with the zoom base, the transmission device can be bent, the control mechanism is connected with one end of the transmission device, one end of the transmission device rotates through the control mechanism, when one end of the transmission device rotates, the other end of the transmission device rotates, and the other end of the transmission device drives the zoom base to move in the front-and-back mode. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing mode, the optical zoom device has the advantages of linear progressive zooming, no interference of external environment and small requirement on operation space.

Description

Optical zoom device using torque transmission and endoscope

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic endoscopes, in particular to an optical zoom device using torque transmission and an endoscope.

Background

The electronic endoscope maps the image of the biological tissue to a solid imaging array element (CCD or CMOS) through an optical system, realizes the direct imaging of the biological tissue, and is widely applied to the examination and treatment of the digestive tract. The electronic endoscope with the zooming function can optically amplify the target to-be-detected position while seeing the tissue outline, and has great clinical significance.

The zoom function is realized by moving one or more lenses in the electronic endoscope in the optical axis direction, thereby adjusting the imaging characteristics such as the magnification of the optical system.

There are many methods for implementing such a zoom mode. There are the following based on shape memory alloy wire (hereinafter abbreviated as "SMA"), based on tension traction, and based on electromagnet to realize binary change of zoom lens position.

For example, in the patent (japanese patent laid-open No. 5-341209 and chinese CN101461702B), one end of a coil spring tube made of SMA is fixed to a projection of a lens frame of a lens, and the lens frame is moved via an energizing switch of a lead wire connected to the coil spring.

In addition, for example, the method disclosed in the patent (japanese patent laid-open No. 2007-229155 and chinese CN101461702B) realizes the movement of the lens module by a combination of SMA and spring. When the SMA is electrified, the SMA contracts and drives the lens to move by overcoming the resistance of the spring; when the power is cut off, the lens is reset under the action of the elastic force of the spring.

However, in this method, two wires must be attached to the front and rear ends of the SMA or the coil spring made of SMA, and it is relatively difficult to implement the method at the front end of the electronic endoscope having a narrow working space. In addition, during endoscopy, temperature changes in the scope may cause changes in the length of the wire in the endoscope, resulting in uncontrolled changes in the optical properties of the endoscope. Meanwhile, the SMA can only switch between two lengths, so that the endoscope can only realize the change of two magnifications and cannot realize the progressive zooming.

The scheme of drawing and zooming based on the drawing device is mainly to connect a drawing wire to a protruding part of a lens frame which needs to move in the direction of an optical axis, and then change the position of a lens by drawing or pushing the drawing wire, so that the zooming function is realized. For example, the method disclosed in patent CN11528771A realizes the progressive zoom function of flexible wire drawing through the cooperation of the wire drawing and the spring. However, in this method, the wire needs to run through the entire endoscope channel, and thus the bending of the endoscope may cause uncontrolled changes in the optical characteristics of the endoscope. It is also difficult to achieve linear displacement of the movable lens in the endoscope.

An implementation based on electromagnets is disclosed in patent CN 111897086A. In the method, a movable lens group is placed on a magnetic lens frame, and the displacement of the lens is realized through the electrification condition of two groups of electromagnets arranged at the front end and the rear end of the magnetic lens frame, so that binary zooming is realized. However, this method is based on permanent magnetic materials and electromagnetism, and thus may receive the influence of environmental electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, this solution only enables binary zooming of the endoscope, i.e. only two magnifications. And the implementation is also more complex.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an optical zooming device using torque transmission, which comprises a transmission device, a zooming mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the zooming mechanism comprises a lens barrel, a zooming base and a zooming lens group, the zooming base is installed on the lens barrel and can move on the lens barrel in a front-and-back mode, the zooming lens group is connected with the zooming base, the transmission device can be bent, the control mechanism is connected with one end of the transmission device, one end of the transmission device rotates through the control mechanism, the transmission device can transmit torque, namely when one end of the transmission device rotates, the other end of the transmission device can also correspondingly rotate, and the other end of the transmission device drives the zooming base to move in the front-and-back mode.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the optical zoom apparatus further includes a transmission rod, the zoom mechanism further includes a limiting hole, the limiting hole is disposed on the lens barrel, the transmission rod is connected to the other end of the transmission device, the transmission rod is limited in the limiting hole, and the transmission rod can rotate in the limiting hole, and the transmission rod drives the zoom base to move back and forth.

As a further improvement of the invention, the inner surface of the limiting hole is provided with an internal thread, the transmission rod is provided with an external thread, and the internal thread is in threaded fit with the external thread.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the zoom mechanism further includes a front lens group, a rear lens group, and a camera component, the lens barrel is provided with a cavity, and the front lens group, the zoom lens group, the rear lens group, and the camera component are sequentially arranged in the cavity.

As a further improvement of the present invention, one end of the transmission rod is connected to the other end of the transmission device, the other end of the transmission rod is provided with a contact, the zoom base is provided with a cavity, the contact is embedded into the cavity, the contact can rotate in the cavity, and the contact cannot fall out of the cavity.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a first stopper and a second stopper are respectively disposed at two ends of the lens barrel, the zoom mechanism further includes a first damper and a second damper, the zoom base is located between the first stopper and the second stopper, the first damper is located between the first stopper and the zoom base, the second damper is located between the second stopper and the zoom base, one end of the transmission rod is connected to the other end of the transmission device, and the other end of the transmission rod is used for abutting against the zoom base.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the control mechanism is a mechanical control mechanism or an electronic control mechanism, the mechanical control mechanism includes a knob rod, a driving gear, a driven gear and a connecting rod, the driving gear is mounted on the knob rod, the driven gear and the connecting rod are mounted together, the driving gear is engaged with the driven gear, the connecting rod is connected with one end of the transmission device, and one end of the transmission device is driven to rotate by the rotation of the connecting rod; the electronic control mechanism comprises a motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with one end of the transmission device, and one end of the transmission device is driven to rotate through the rotation of the output shaft of the motor.

As a further improvement of the invention, the transmission device comprises a mandrel and a metal wire, wherein the metal wire is wound to form an inner layer spring ring and an outer layer spring ring, the outer surface of the mandrel is wrapped by the inner layer spring ring, and the outer surface of the inner layer spring ring is wrapped by the outer layer spring ring, so that the transmission device is formed;

or, a single metal wire is wound on the outer surface of one mandrel, so that the transmission device is formed;

or the metal wires are multiple, and the outer surface of one mandrel is wound with multiple metal wires with the same pitch and the same rotating direction;

or, a plurality of layers of coils are wound on the outer surface of the mandrel, each layer of coil is formed by winding a plurality of metal wires with the same pitch and the same rotating direction, and the rotating directions of the metal wires of adjacent layers of coils are opposite;

or the number of the mandrels is multiple, and a single metal wire is wound on the outer surfaces of the multiple mandrels;

or, the mandrel is provided with a plurality of metal wires which are wound in the same direction to form outer parts, the outer parts are provided with a plurality of metal wires, the mandrel is wrapped by the outer parts, and the metal wires of the adjacent outer parts are different in rotating direction.

As a further improvement of the invention, the transmission device comprises a metal wire, the transmission device is formed by winding a plurality of layers of coils, each layer of coil is formed by winding a plurality of metal wires with the same pitch and the same rotating direction, and the rotating directions of the metal wires of adjacent layers of coils are opposite;

or a plurality of metal pieces are formed by winding a plurality of metal wires in the same direction in a rotating mode, the rotating directions of the metal wires of the adjacent metal pieces are different, and the metal pieces are bound together to form the transmission device.

As a further improvement of the invention, the transmission device is made of a metal tube, and the metal tube is provided with a plurality of hollow structures.

As a further improvement of the invention, one end of the transmission device is provided with a first rigid connecting piece, the other end of the transmission device is provided with a second rigid connecting piece, the first rigid connecting piece is connected with the control mechanism, and the second rigid connecting piece is connected with the transmission rod.

The invention also provides an endoscope, which comprises an endoscope body and the optical zooming device, wherein the lens cone is arranged at the front end of the endoscope body, the transmission device extends into the endoscope body, and the control mechanism is positioned at the tail end of the endoscope body.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing mode, the optical zoom device has the advantages of linear progressive zooming, no interference of external environment and small requirement on operation space.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a transmission device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a zoom mechanism;

fig. 4 is a sectional view of the lens barrel;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the zoom base;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the forward movement of the zoom lens;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the backward movement of the zoom lens;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the zoom mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the zoom mechanism for achieving forward movement of the zoom lens when the second embodiment is employed;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the zoom mechanism for achieving rearward movement of the zoom lens when the second embodiment is employed;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the control mechanism;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a seventh embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of an eighth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a ninth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of a tenth embodiment of the transmission device;

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view with a first rigid connector and a second rigid connector;

fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of an electronic endoscope using the torque-transmitting zoom optical apparatus.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses an optical zooming device using torque transmission, which can realize linear progressive zooming by transmitting torque through torque.

Compared with the existing mode, the optical zoom device has the advantages of linear progressive zooming, no interference of external environment and small requirement on operation space.

As shown in fig. 1, the optical zoom apparatus includes a transmission device 100, a zoom mechanism 200, and a control mechanism 300, where the zoom mechanism 200 includes a lens barrel 21, a zoom base 22, and a zoom lens group 24, the zoom base 22 is mounted on the lens barrel 21, and the zoom base 22 can move back and forth on the lens barrel 21, the zoom lens group 24 is connected to the zoom base 22, the transmission device 100 can be bent, the control mechanism 300 is connected to one end of the transmission device 100, one end of the transmission device 100 is rotated by the control mechanism 300, the transmission device 100 can transmit a torque, that is, when one end of the transmission device 100 is rotated, the other end of the transmission device 100 can also rotate correspondingly, and the other end of the transmission device 100 drives the zoom base 22 to move back and forth.

The actuator 100 is bendable and can transmit angular displacement over a long range. In the case of a curved or bent endoscope body, one end of the actuator 100 is rotated to cause a substantially synchronous angular displacement of the other end of the actuator 100.

The zoom mechanism 200 is used to convert a rotational torque or angular displacement into a linear displacement, and in particular, an angular displacement on the transmission 100 into a linear displacement.

The control mechanism 300 angularly displaces one end of the transmission device 100, and the control mechanism 300 is a labor-saving structure.

As shown in fig. 2, the optical zoom apparatus further includes a transmission rod 16, the zoom mechanism 200 further includes a limiting hole 27, the limiting hole 27 is disposed on the lens barrel 21, the transmission rod 16 is connected to the other end of the transmission device 100, the transmission rod 16 is limited in the limiting hole 27, the transmission rod 16 can rotate in the limiting hole 27, and the transmission rod 16 drives the zoom base 22 to move back and forth. The transmission rod 16 is made of a stiff material and cannot be bent, for example, the transmission rod 16 is a metal rod.

The inner surface of the limiting hole 27 is provided with an internal thread 215, the transmission rod 16 is provided with an external thread 14, and the internal thread 215 is in threaded fit with the external thread 14, so that the transmission device 100 and the zooming mechanism 200 only perform axial relative displacement, and the stability of the whole optical zooming device is ensured.

The zoom mechanism 200 further includes a front lens group 23, a rear lens group 25, and a camera component 26, the lens barrel 21 is provided with a cavity, and the front lens group 23, the zoom lens group 24, the rear lens group 25, and the camera component 26 are sequentially arranged in the cavity.

The front lens group 23 may be a single lens or may be composed of a plurality of lenses. The variable focus lens assembly 24 may be a single lens or may be composed of multiple lenses. The rear lens group 25 may be a single lens or may be composed of a plurality of lenses.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a first groove 211 is formed in the lens barrel 21, a second groove 212, a third groove 213, and a fourth groove 214 are formed in the cavity, the front lens group 23 is installed in the second groove 212, the rear lens group 25 is installed in the third groove 213, the image pickup device 26 is installed in the fourth groove 214, a fifth groove 222 is formed below the zoom base 22, the zoom lens group 24 is installed in the fifth groove 222, the zoom base 22 is installed in the first groove 211, and the zoom base 22 can move back and forth on the first groove 211.

In the present invention, the transmission device 100 can be realized in various ways, and as shown in fig. 2, as a first embodiment of the transmission device 100, the transmission device 100 comprises a mandrel 11, an inner layer spring ring 12 and an outer layer spring ring 13, wherein the outer surface of the mandrel 11 is wrapped by the inner layer spring ring 12, and the outer surface of the inner layer spring ring 12 is wrapped by the outer layer spring ring 13.

As shown in fig. 12, as a second embodiment of the transmission device 100, a single metal wire 101 is wound around the outer surface of one mandrel 11, thereby forming the transmission device 100.

As shown in fig. 13, as a third embodiment of the actuator 100, a plurality of wires 101 are provided, and a plurality of wires 101 having the same pitch and the same rotation direction are wound around the outer surface of one mandrel 11.

As shown in fig. 14, as a fourth embodiment of the actuator 100, a mandrel 11 is wound with a plurality of layers of coils on the outer surface, each layer of coils is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 with the same pitch and the same rotation direction, and the rotation directions of the wires 101 of adjacent layers of coils are opposite; for example, the inner coil 102 is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 having the same pitch and the same rotational direction, the outer coil 103 is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 having the same pitch and the same rotational direction, and the rotational directions of the wires 101 of the inner coil 102 and the outer coil 103 are opposite to each other.

As shown in fig. 15, as a fifth embodiment of the transmission device 100, the mandrel 11 is multiple, and a single metal wire 101 is wound on the outer surface of the multiple mandrels 11.

As shown in fig. 16, as a sixth embodiment of the transmission device 100, the number of the mandrels 11 is plural, the plural wires 101 are wound in the same direction to form the outer member 104, the number of the outer members 104 is plural, the plural mandrels 11 are wrapped by the plural outer members 104, and the rotation directions of the wires 101 of the adjacent outer members 104 are different.

As shown in fig. 17, as a seventh embodiment of the actuator 100, the actuator 100 is formed by winding a plurality of layers of coils, each layer of coil is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 with the same pitch and the same rotation direction, and the rotation directions of the wires 101 of adjacent layers of coils are opposite; for example, the inner coil 105 is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 having the same pitch and the same rotational direction, the outer coil 106 is formed by winding a plurality of wires 101 having the same pitch and the same rotational direction, and the rotational directions of the wires 101 of the inner coil 105 and the outer coil 106 are opposite to each other.

As shown in fig. 18, as an eighth embodiment of the transmission device 100, a plurality of metal members 107 are formed by winding a plurality of metal wires 101 in the same direction, the metal members 107 are a plurality of metal members 107, the metal wires 101 of adjacent metal members 107 have different rotation directions, and the plurality of metal members 107 are bound together to form the transmission device 100.

As shown in fig. 19, as a ninth embodiment of the transmission device 100, the transmission device 100 is made of a metal tube 60, the metal tube 60 is provided with a plurality of hollow structures 61, and the widths of two adjacent hollow structures 61 may be different. The metal tube 60 is used to transmit torque. The metal pipe 60 can be bent due to the plurality of hollows 61. The metal tube 60 is made of a metal material, and the metal tube 60 may be replaced with a rigid plastic tube.

As shown in fig. 3-5, as a first embodiment for driving the zooming base 22 to move back and forth, one end of the transmission rod 16 is connected to the other end of the transmission device 100, the other end of the transmission rod 16 is provided with a contact 15, the zooming base 22 is provided with a cavity 221, the contact 15 is embedded in the cavity 221, the contact 15 can rotate in the cavity 221, the cavity 221 has a structure with a wide inside and a narrow outside, and after the contact 15 is assembled, the contact 15 cannot fall out of the zooming base 22 during the movement of the transmission device 100. The contacts 15 are preferably circular.

As shown in fig. 8 to 10, as a second embodiment for driving the zoom base 22 to move back and forth, a first stopper 28 and a second stopper 29 are respectively disposed at two ends of the lens barrel 21, the zoom mechanism 200 further includes a first damper 201 and a second damper 202, the zoom base 22 is located between the first stopper 28 and the second stopper 29, the first damper 201 is located between the first stopper 28 and the zoom base 22, the second damper 202 is located between the second stopper 29 and the zoom base 22, one end of the transmission rod 16 is connected to the other end of the transmission device 100, and the other end of the transmission rod 16 is used for abutting against the zoom base 22.

The first damper 201 and the second damper 202 are preferably springs. The zoom base 22 is pushed forward by the transmission lever 16, and the zoom base 22 is reset by the first damper 201 and the second damper 202.

The control mechanism 300 is a mechanical control mechanism or an electronic control mechanism, as shown in fig. 11, the mechanical control mechanism includes a knob rod 33, a driving gear 32, a driven gear 34 and a connecting rod 31, the driving gear 32 is installed on the knob rod 33, the driven gear 34 and the connecting rod 31 are installed together, the driving gear 32 is engaged with the driven gear 34, the connecting rod 31 is connected with one end of the transmission device 100, and the connecting rod 31 rotates to drive one end of the transmission device 100 to rotate. The driving gear 32 has an outer diameter larger than that of the driven gear 34, thereby forming a labor saving structure. The user manually dials the knob stem 33 to rotate the knob stem 33 clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the link 31 drives the transmission device 100 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

The electronic control mechanism comprises a motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with one end of the transmission device 100, and the transmission device 100 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the output shaft of the motor. The motor may be a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the driving device 100 is driven by the motor to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

As shown in fig. 6, a torque is applied to the transmission device 100 through the control mechanism 300, so that one end of the transmission device 100 rotates clockwise; the other end of the transmission device 100 also synchronously rotates to drive the external thread 14 to rotate; relative rotation of the external threads 14 and the internal threads 215 causes the contact 15 at the other end of the actuator 100 to move distally; the contact 15 abuts against the inner cavity surface of the zoom base 22, and continuously generates an axial force towards the far end (forward) to the zoom base 22, so that the zoom base 22 moves towards the far end (forward) along the groove 211 of the lens barrel 21; a zoom lens group 24 is mounted on the zoom base 22 to effect distal movement of the zoom lens group 24.

As shown in fig. 7, a torque is applied to the transmission device 100 through the control mechanism 300, so that one end of the transmission device 100 rotates counterclockwise; the other end of the transmission device 100 also synchronously rotates to drive the external thread 14 to rotate; the relative rotation of the external thread 14 and the internal thread 215 causes the contact 15 at the other end of the transmission device 100 to move proximally; the contact 15 drives the axial force of the zooming base 22 towards the near end (backward), so that the zooming base 22 moves towards the near end (backward) along the groove 211 of the lens cone 21; a zoom lens assembly 24 is mounted on the zoom base 22 to effect proximal movement of the zoom lens assembly 24.

The actuator 100 of the present invention is both flexible and rigid and is used for bi-directional angular displacement transmission in endoscopes.

As shown in fig. 20 and 21, a first rigid connection member 71 is disposed at one end of the transmission member 100, a second rigid connection member 72 is disposed at the other end of the transmission member 100, the first rigid connection member 71 is connected to the control mechanism 300, and the second rigid connection member 72 is connected to the transmission rod 16.

As shown in fig. 22, the present invention further discloses an endoscope, which comprises an endoscope body and the optical zoom apparatus of the present invention, wherein the lens barrel 21 is installed at the front end of the endoscope body, the transmission device 100 extends into the endoscope body, and the control mechanism 300 is located at the tail end of the endoscope body.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An optical zoom device using torque transmission, characterized in that: comprises a transmission device (100), a zooming mechanism (200) and a control mechanism (300), the zoom mechanism (200) comprises a lens barrel (21), a zoom base (22) and a zoom lens group (24), the zoom base (22) is mounted on the lens barrel (21), and the zoom base (22) can move back and forth on the lens barrel (21), the zoom lens group (24) is connected with the zoom base (22), the transmission device (100) can be bent, the control mechanism (300) is connected with one end of the transmission device (100), -the transmission means (100) is capable of transmitting torque by rotating one end of the transmission means (100) by means of the control mechanism (300), namely, when one end of the transmission device (100) rotates, the other end of the transmission device (100) can also rotate correspondingly, the other end of the transmission device (100) drives the zooming base (22) to move back and forth.

2. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical zooming device further comprises a transmission rod (16), the zooming mechanism (200) further comprises a limiting hole (27), the limiting hole (27) is formed in the lens barrel (21), the transmission rod (16) is connected with the other end of the transmission device (100), the transmission rod (16) is limited in the limiting hole (27), the transmission rod (16) can rotate in the limiting hole (27), and the transmission rod (16) drives the zooming base (22) to move back and forth.

3. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inner surface of the limiting hole (27) is provided with an internal thread (215), the transmission rod (16) is provided with an external thread (14), and the internal thread (215) is in threaded fit with the external thread (14).

4. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zoom mechanism (200) further comprises a front lens group (23), a rear lens group (25) and a camera component (26), the lens barrel (21) is provided with a cavity, and the front lens group (23), the zoom lens group (24), the rear lens group (25) and the camera component (26) are sequentially arranged in the cavity.

5. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: one end of the transmission rod (16) is connected with the other end of the transmission device (100), a contact (15) is arranged at the other end of the transmission rod (16), a cavity (221) is formed in the zooming base (22), the contact (15) is embedded into the cavity (221), the contact (15) can rotate in the cavity (221), and the contact (15) cannot fall out of the cavity (221).

6. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the zoom mechanism comprises a lens barrel (21), wherein a first stop block (28) and a second stop block (29) are arranged at two ends of the lens barrel (21) respectively, the zoom mechanism (200) further comprises a first damper (201) and a second damper (202), the zoom base (22) is located between the first stop block (28) and the second stop block (29), the first damper (201) is located between the first stop block (28) and the zoom base (22), the second damper (202) is located between the second stop block (29) and the zoom base (22), one end of a transmission rod (16) is connected with the other end of the transmission device (100), and the other end of the transmission rod (16) is used for abutting against the zoom base (22).

7. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control mechanism (300) is a mechanical control mechanism or an electronic control mechanism, the mechanical control mechanism comprises a knob rod (33), a driving gear (32), a driven gear (34) and a connecting rod (31), the driving gear (32) is installed on the knob rod (33), the driven gear (34) and the connecting rod (31) are installed together, the driving gear (32) is meshed with the driven gear (34), the connecting rod (31) is connected with one end of the transmission device (100), and one end of the transmission device (100) is driven to rotate through the rotation of the connecting rod (31); the electronic control mechanism comprises a motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with one end of the transmission device (100), and one end of the transmission device (100) is driven to rotate through the rotation of the output shaft of the motor.

8. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission means (100) comprises a mandrel (11) and a wire (101),

the metal wire (101) is wound to form an inner-layer spring ring (12) and an outer-layer spring ring (13), the outer surface of the mandrel (11) is wrapped by the inner-layer spring ring (12), and the outer surface of the inner-layer spring ring (12) is wrapped by the outer-layer spring ring (13), so that the transmission device (100) is formed;

or, a single metal wire (101) is wound on the outer surface of one mandrel (11) so as to form the transmission device (100);

or a plurality of metal wires (101) are wound on the outer surface of the mandrel (11), and the metal wires (101) with the same pitch and the same rotating direction are wound on the outer surface of the mandrel;

or, a plurality of layers of coils are wound on the outer surface of one mandrel (11), each layer of coil is formed by winding a plurality of metal wires (101) with the same thread pitch and the same rotating direction, and the rotating directions of the metal wires (101) of adjacent layers of coils are opposite;

or a plurality of mandrels (11) are wound on the outer surface of the mandrel (11) by a single metal wire (101);

or, the number of the mandrels (11) is multiple, the wires (101) are wound in the same direction in a rotating mode to form the outer parts (104), the number of the outer parts (104) is multiple, the mandrels (11) are wrapped in the outer parts (104), and the rotating directions of the wires (101) of the adjacent outer parts (104) are different.

9. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission means (100) comprises a wire (101),

the transmission device (100) is formed by winding a plurality of layers of coils, each layer of coil is formed by winding a plurality of metal wires (101) with the same screw pitch and the same rotating direction, and the rotating directions of the metal wires (101) of adjacent layers of coils are opposite;

or a plurality of metal pieces (107) are formed by winding a plurality of metal wires (101) in the same direction in a rotating mode, the rotating directions of the metal wires (101) of the adjacent metal pieces (107) are different, and the metal pieces (107) are bound together to form the transmission device (100).

10. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission device (100) is made of a metal pipe (60), and the metal pipe (60) is provided with a plurality of hollow structures (61).

11. An optical zoom apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the transmission device (100) is provided with a first rigid connecting piece (71), the other end of the transmission device (100) is provided with a second rigid connecting piece (72), the first rigid connecting piece (71) is connected with the control mechanism (300), and the second rigid connecting piece (72) is connected with the transmission rod (16).

12. An endoscope, characterized by: comprising a lens body and an optical zoom apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the lens barrel (21) is mounted at the front end of the lens body, the transmission device (100) extends into the lens body, and the control mechanism (300) is located at the end of the lens body.