CN113178271A - Passive spent fuel pool cooling system - Google Patents
Passive spent fuel pool cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113178271A CN113178271A CN202110279778.0A CN202110279778A CN113178271A CN 113178271 A CN113178271 A CN 113178271A CN 202110279778 A CN202110279778 A CN 202110279778A CN 113178271 A CN113178271 A CN 113178271A
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- cooling
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- spent fuel
- water
- fuel pool
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technology of spent fuel storage and cooling systems, and particularly relates to a passive spent fuel pool cooling system. The structure of the system comprises a heating sequence arranged in a spent fuel pool, and an air cooling series, a water cooling series and a vacuum degree maintaining series which are arranged in a cooling tower plant; the air cooling series and the water cooling series are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with the heating sequence through pipelines to form the separated heat pipe exchanger. The vacuum of the separated heat pipe exchanger can be realized by the connection of single-phase and two-phase working conditions of the system and the maintenance of series operation of vacuum degree. The spent fuel pool cooling system provided by the invention has better economy under normal working conditions and higher usability and safety under accident working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of spent fuel storage and cooling systems, and particularly relates to a passive spent fuel pool cooling system.
Background
Spent fuel storage is an important stage of nuclear fuel circulation, and a nuclear power plant needs to continuously replace new nuclear fuel and discharge used spent fuel throughout the life. The spent fuel has the characteristics of continuously emitting decay heat, having radioactivity, being possibly re-critical under specific conditions and the like, so that the storage safety of the spent fuel is an unavoidable problem for any type of nuclear power plant. After 3.11 major earthquakes in japan in 2011, fuel plants of units 3 and 4 in fukushima nuclear power plant explode in sequence, structures collapse, and two thousand pieces of stored spent fuel are seriously threatened, and then the industry starts to pay attention to the storage safety problem of the spent fuel, and researches on passive cooling of a spent fuel pool are started.
The research of China on the passive cooling technology of the spent fuel pool starts after 311 nuclear accidents in the Fudao, and enterprises such as the Zhongkari group, the Guangxu group and the national nuclear power technology company develop related researches. The Shanghai nuclear engineering research design institute who belongs to the national nuclear power technology company provides a scheme for cooling a spent fuel pool by using a bundled straight heat pipe in the invention patent 'a wet spent fuel storage system' (CN201210127017.4), and the scheme is similar to a float-type bundled heat pipe scheme provided by West House company 2011, and has the defect that a large number of bundled heat pipes seriously influence the operation of a fuel assembly under normal working conditions, so that the scheme is only suitable for emergency and has low practicability; two other patents of Shanghai nuclear engineering research and design institute, namely a liquid submerged spent fuel storage system (CN201210127019.3) and a spent fuel pool passive waste heat deriving system based on heat pipes (CN201210127359.6), propose that a split type heat pipe technology is used for cooling a spent fuel pool, but the two patents do not adopt specific measures to solve the long-term effectiveness problem of the separated heat pipes, so that the practicability is limited; the application of the separated heat pipe exchanger by national nuclear power technology company also has a plurality of patent applications, such as: the device comprises a reactor outside a reactor after a nuclear power station accident (CN201210127012.1), a separated air cooling heat trap (CN201210127335.0) which takes a water tank in a containment vessel as a heat source, a sunken containment vessel (CN201210127378.9) with the separated air cooling heat trap and the like, and the common characteristics of the patents are lack of feasible solutions for the problems of working medium decomposition, gas separation or slow reaction with a pipe in a separated heat pipe heat exchanger to release gas. Because the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger of the separated heat pipe are separated, and the middle of the separated heat pipe is connected by a heat insulation pipeline, equipment with larger space scale is formed, and the vacuum degree is difficult to maintain. The research on passive cooling of spent fuel pools by Zhongguang nuclear group and Zhongkohua nuclear power technology research institute limited company also includes: the passive water supplementing and heat exporting device for the spent fuel pool (CN201320629756.3), the passive heat exporting device for the spent fuel pool driven by flash evaporation (CN201320629713.5), the passive cooling system for the spent fuel pool (CN201320023045.1), the heat pipe cooling device for the spent fuel pool of the pressurized-water nuclear power station (CN201220512478.9) and the like are mostly too rough and have low practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive spent fuel pool cooling system based on a separated heat pipe heat exchanger technology, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, so that the spent fuel pool cooling system has better economy under normal working conditions and higher usability and safety under accident working conditions.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a passive spent fuel pool cooling system comprises a heating sequence arranged in a spent fuel pool, and an air cooling series, a water cooling series and a vacuum degree maintaining series which are arranged in a cooling tower plant; the air cooling series and the water cooling series are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with the heating sequence through pipelines to form the separated heat pipe exchanger.
Further, the passive spent fuel pool cooling system as described above, wherein when the air cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the split heat pipe heat exchanger is in a two-phase operating state, i.e., part of water is filled in the heat pipes of the heat exchanger and is vacuumized; when the water cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe exchanger is in a single-phase operation state, namely, the heat pipes of the heat exchanger are filled with water.
Further, the passive spent fuel pool cooling system as described above, wherein the heating sequence includes a plurality of hot-side heat exchangers connected in parallel.
Further, the passive spent fuel pool cooling system is characterized in that the heat exchanger of the water cooling series is soaked in a hot-trap water tank in a cooling tower plant; the hot trap water tank is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the low temperature of the water body is maintained by external cooling circulation.
Furthermore, the external cooling circulation uses a nuclear power plant chilled water system (providing cold water below 10 ℃) or an equipment cooling water system (providing cold water below 20 ℃) as a cooling source.
Further, the passive spent fuel pool cooling system comprises an air cooling series and a fan, wherein the air cooling series comprises an air cooling heat exchanger and the fan, and a vacuum isolating valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the air cooling series and the heating series.
Further, the passive spent fuel pool cooling system comprises a vacuum pump and a steam-water separator, wherein the vacuum degree maintaining series is connected with the air cooling series and the water cooling series in parallel and is isolated from the separated heat pipe heat exchanger through a normally closed isolating valve.
Further, according to the passive spent fuel pool cooling system, a drain pipe is arranged on a pipeline of the water cooling series, and a drain isolation valve is arranged on the drain pipe.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the passive spent fuel pool cooling system based on the separated heat pipe heat exchanger technology provided by the invention has an air cooling series, a water cooling series and a vacuum degree maintaining series, wherein the air cooling series and the water cooling series can be respectively connected with a heating sequence, when the water cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a single-phase operation state, namely, the heat pipe of the heat exchanger is filled with water, the vacuum does not need to be maintained in the heat pipe system, and the operation can be switched to two-phase operation (the vacuum needs to be maintained) under the accident condition. The invention has the advantages that: (1) the vacuum of the separated heat pipe exchanger can be realized by the connection of single-phase and two-phase working conditions of the system and the maintenance of series operation of vacuum degree; (2) the system has better economy under normal working conditions; (3) and has higher availability and safety under the accident condition.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive spent fuel pool cooling system in an embodiment.
In the figure, 1, a spent fuel pool; 2. a spent fuel assembly; 3. cooling tower plants; 4. a hot-trap water tank; 5. a heat-insulating layer; 001VD to 006VD, and the hot end heat exchanger overhauls the isolating valve; 007VD, 008VD, air cooling series vacuum isolating valve; 009VD, 010VD, water-cooled series isolation valves; 011VD, 012VD, and an air cooling heat exchanger overhaul isolation valve; 013VD, 014VD, vacuum degree maintaining series overhaul isolation valves; 01HX to 03HX, a hot-end heat exchanger; 01WHX, 02WHX, a water-cooled series heat exchanger; 01AHX, 02AHX, air cooling series heat exchanger; 001PA, vacuum pump; 001SS, steam-water separator; 001FN, 002FN, air-cooled series heat exchanger fan; 015VD, drain isolation valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides a passive spent fuel pool cooling system based on a separated heat pipe heat exchanger technology, which comprises a heating sequence arranged in a spent fuel pool, and an air cooling series, a water cooling series and a vacuum degree maintaining series which are arranged in a cooling tower factory building, wherein the air cooling series and the water cooling series can be respectively connected with the heating sequence to form a separated heat pipe heat exchanger. As a specific embodiment, if the water cooling series can be normally operated, the air cooling series is relatively small in operation, and the simultaneous operation may not be considered. The air cooling series mainly runs under accident conditions when the water cooling series is unavailable.
When the air cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe exchanger is in a two-phase running state; when the water cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe exchanger is in a single-phase operation state.
In the single-phase mode of operation, the heat pipe system is filled with water without maintaining a vacuum.
In the two-phase operation mode, the heat output capacity of the system is greatly increased and is one order of magnitude higher than that of the system in single-phase operation, but in long-term operation, the two-phase state gradually fails due to air leakage of the heat pipe system. The single-phase operation is more stable in the factor and can be used in daily state; in the event of an accident, two-phase operation can be switched.
The heating sequence of the invention can comprise a plurality of hot end heat exchangers which are connected in parallel, wherein the hot end heat exchangers are arranged below the water surface in the spent fuel water pool and are respectively connected with an air cooling heat exchanger of an air cooling series and a water cooling heat exchanger of a water cooling series through pipelines.
The air-cooling heat exchanger of the air-cooling series carries out forced heat exchange through a fan, and a vacuum isolating valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the heating sequence of the air-cooling series. The water-cooling series heat exchanger is soaked in a hot-trap water tank in a cooling tower plant; the hot trap water tank is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the low temperature of the water body is maintained by external cooling circulation. The external cooling circulation can use a nuclear power plant chilled water system (providing cold water below 10 ℃) or an equipment cooling water system (providing cold water below 20 ℃) as a cold source. The water cooling series pipeline is provided with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with a drain isolation valve.
The vacuum degree maintaining series comprises a vacuum pump and a steam-water separator, and is connected with the air cooling series and the water cooling series in parallel and is isolated from the separating heat pipe heat exchanger through a normally closed isolating valve. When the water cooling series is communicated with the heating series, the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a single-phase operation state, at the moment, the vacuum isolating valve of the air cooling series is closed, and the heat pipe is filled with water without maintaining vacuum. When the air cooling series is in a two-phase operation state communicated with the heating sequence, the vacuum isolating valve of the air cooling series is opened, the heat pipe is not filled with water, and the vacuum maintaining series vacuumizes the heat pipe through the vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum degree in the heat pipe of the system.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a passive spent fuel pool cooling system based on the split heat pipe heat exchanger technology, which has an air cooling series (N07 to N08), a water cooling series (N03 to N04), and a vacuum degree maintaining series (N05 to N06); the air cooling series (N07 to N08) and the water cooling series (N03 to N04) can be respectively connected with the heating series (N01 to N2) to form the separated heat pipe heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the heating sequence is in a form of multi-path parallel connection, and includes a plurality of parallel hot-end heat exchangers 01HX, 02HX, 03HX disposed below the water surface in the spent fuel pool 1, hot-end heat exchanger maintenance isolation valves 001VD, 002VD are disposed at two ends of the hot-end heat exchanger 01HX, hot-end heat exchanger maintenance isolation valves 003VD, 004VD are disposed at two ends of the hot-end heat exchanger 02HX, and hot-end heat exchanger maintenance isolation valves 005VD, 006VD are disposed at two ends of the hot-end heat exchanger 03 HX. The hot side heat exchanger may be generally disposed above the spent fuel assembly 2.
The passive spent fuel pool cooling system is characterized in that an air cooling series (N07-N08) and a water cooling series (N03-N04) are positioned in a cooling tower plant 3, and the water cooling series heat exchangers 01WHX and 02WHX are soaked in a hot-well water tank 4. The heat-trap water tank 4 is provided with a heat-insulating layer 5, so that heat exchange between the heat-insulating layer and the outside is reduced as much as possible, and the low temperature of the water body can be maintained by external cooling circulation (an outlet is N09, and an inlet is N10). The external cooling circulation can use a nuclear power plant chilled water system (providing cold water below 10 ℃) or an equipment cooling water system (providing cold water below 20 ℃) as a cold source.
The passive spent fuel pool cooling system based on the separated heat pipe heat exchanger technology has two operation states, and when an air cooling series (N07-N08) is communicated with a heating sequence (N01-N2, multiple paths are connected in parallel), the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a two-phase operation state; when the water cooling series (N03-N04) is communicated with the heating series (N01-N2, multi-way parallel), the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a single-phase operation state.
Vacuum isolating valves 007VD and 008VD are arranged on connecting pipelines (N07 → N05 → N03) of an air cooling series (N07 to N08) and a heating series (N01 to N2, multiple paths of parallel connection) of the passive spent fuel pool cooling system. Air-cooling series heat exchangers 01AHX, 02AHX are forced to exchange heat by fans 001FN, 002FN, and air-cooling series heat exchangers 01AHX, 02AHX are provided with maintenance isolation valves 011VD, 012VD at both ends.
The lowest point of the water-cooling series (N03-N04) of the passive spent fuel pool cooling system is provided with a water-cooling series drainage pipeline (N11-N12), and the water-cooling series drainage pipeline (N11-N12) is provided with a drainage isolation valve 015 VD. Both ends of the water-cooling series heat exchangers 01WHX and 02WHX are provided with water-cooling series isolation valves 009VD and 010 VD.
The vacuum degree maintaining series (N05-N06) of the passive spent fuel water pool cooling system is provided with a vacuum pump 001PA and a steam-water separator 011SS which are isolated from a separate heat pipe heat exchanger by normally closed isolation valves 013VD, 014 VD.
In normal state, the water cooling series operates, the vacuum isolating valves 007VD and 008VD are closed, the heat pipe system is filled with water and is in a single-phase operation state, and vacuum does not need to be maintained. The air cooling series mainly runs when the water cooling series is unavailable under the accident condition, at the moment, the vacuum isolating valves 007VD and 008VD are used, water in the heat pipe is not full of water, the heat pipe is in a two-phase running state, and the vacuum needs to be maintained.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the invention is not restricted to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the process being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a passive spent fuel pond cooling system which characterized in that: the system comprises a heating sequence arranged in a spent fuel pool, and an air cooling series, a water cooling series and a vacuum degree maintaining series which are arranged in a cooling tower plant; the air cooling series and the water cooling series are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with the heating sequence through pipelines to form the separated heat pipe exchanger.
2. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: when the air cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe exchanger is in a two-phase running state; when the water cooling series is communicated with the heating sequence, the separated heat pipe exchanger is in a single-phase operation state.
3. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the heating sequence comprises a plurality of hot-end heat exchangers connected in parallel.
4. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and the water-cooling series heat exchangers are soaked in a hot-trap water tank in a cooling tower plant.
5. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 4, wherein: the hot trap water tank is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the low temperature of the water body is maintained by external cooling circulation.
6. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 5, wherein: the external cooling circulation uses a nuclear power plant chilled water system or an equipment cooling water system as a cold source.
7. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the air cooling series comprises an air cooling heat exchanger and a fan, and a vacuum isolating valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the heating sequence of the air cooling series.
8. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the vacuum degree maintaining series comprises a vacuum pump and a steam-water separator, and is connected with the air cooling series and the water cooling series in parallel and is isolated from the separating heat pipe heat exchanger through a normally closed isolating valve.
9. The passive spent fuel pool cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a drain pipe is arranged on the pipeline of the water cooling series, and a drain isolation valve is arranged on the drain pipe.
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| CN202110279778.0A CN113178271B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Passive spent fuel pool cooling system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110279778.0A CN113178271B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Passive spent fuel pool cooling system |
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| CN113178271B CN113178271B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113865904A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multifunctional flowing heat exchange test device |
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| JPH09329689A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Purification and cooling equipment for spent fuel storage pool |
| CN101368767A (en) * | 2007-04-29 | 2009-02-18 | 东北电力大学 | Indirect air cooling method and system for working medium adopting parallel-connection positive and reverse refrigeration cycle |
| CN102982852A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 葛永乐 | Heat pipe radiator used for spent fuel pools of nuclear power plants |
| CN103377728A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Flooded-type containment complete passive after-heat removal system |
| CN204029398U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-17 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Non-active Spent Fuel Pool cooling system |
| CN110260675A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of air-cooled water cooling parallel system and its consumption control method |
| CN210165802U (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-03-20 | 天津农学院 | Visual gravity assisted heat pipe experimental research device with evaporation section provided with built-in pipe |
| CN111508624A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Cooling system |
-
2021
- 2021-03-16 CN CN202110279778.0A patent/CN113178271B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09329689A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Purification and cooling equipment for spent fuel storage pool |
| CN101368767A (en) * | 2007-04-29 | 2009-02-18 | 东北电力大学 | Indirect air cooling method and system for working medium adopting parallel-connection positive and reverse refrigeration cycle |
| CN102982852A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 葛永乐 | Heat pipe radiator used for spent fuel pools of nuclear power plants |
| CN103377728A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Flooded-type containment complete passive after-heat removal system |
| CN204029398U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-17 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Non-active Spent Fuel Pool cooling system |
| CN210165802U (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-03-20 | 天津农学院 | Visual gravity assisted heat pipe experimental research device with evaporation section provided with built-in pipe |
| CN110260675A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of air-cooled water cooling parallel system and its consumption control method |
| CN111508624A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Cooling system |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113865904A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multifunctional flowing heat exchange test device |
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| CN113178271B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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