CN113177703A - Health evaluation method for fragile bay ecosystem - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a health evaluation method for a fragile bay ecosystem, which specifically comprises the following steps: step S01, collecting data related to the ecosystem of the fragile bay; step S02, constructing a health evaluation system of the ecosystem of the fragile bay based on the social, economic and ecosystem related parameters; step S03, determining the characteristics and evaluation criteria of each level index; step S04: determining the weight of each level index; step S05: dividing the health level of the ecosystem of the vulnerable bay; step S06: and quantitatively evaluating the health condition of the ecosystem of the fragile bay based on the EHI. The method for evaluating the health of the vulnerable bay ecosystem, provided by the invention, can comprehensively analyze the health condition of the vulnerable bay ecosystem from the aspects of society, economy, ecosystem and the like, and has important significance on the protection and management of bay resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of health evaluation of bay ecosystems, in particular to a health evaluation method of a fragile bay ecosystem.
Background
Mangrove wetland is one of the ecosystems with the highest productivity in the world, but with the progress and development of human society, the environmental pollution problem caused by urbanization is becoming more serious, and a large number of land reclamation projects from the sea seriously threaten the health of the mangrove ecosystem, and is one of the fragile bay ecosystems. The ecological system health refers to that the ecological system can show strong anti-interference capability under the interference of external pressure so as to maintain the normal exertion of the structure and the function of the ecological system. The ecological system health evaluation method is widely applied to coastal wetlands, river basins, lake wetlands and the like, and mangrove forest ecological system health evaluation is also an important application direction.
The existing mangrove forest ecosystem health evaluation methods are generally divided into the following six types: an indicator species method, a structural function indicator method, an ecosystem imbalance syndrome diagnosis method, an ecosystem health risk assessment method, an ecological vulnerability and stability assessment method and an ecological function assessment method. However, these methods focus on individual aspects of health and are not comprehensive enough. In order to more scientifically reflect the health condition of the ecosystem of the fragile bay, a common index needs to be extracted for overall evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a health evaluation method for a vulnerable bay ecosystem, which analyzes the health condition of the vulnerable bay ecosystem more comprehensively from the social, economic and ecosystem perspectives, and has important significance for the protection and management of bay resources.
The technical route of the invention patent is as follows:
step S01: collecting relevant data of the vulnerable bay ecosystem, wherein the relevant data comprises natural factor and human factor interference data, habitat pollution index data, ecological index data, relevant data of the ecosystem service function and relevant data of the management level of a protected area;
step S02: constructing a health evaluation system of the ecosystem of the fragile bay based on the related parameters of society, economy and ecosystem, wherein the evaluation system comprises a target layer, a standard layer, an element layer and an index layer; the target layer is the mangrove forest ecosystem health evaluation under the influence of urbanization; the standard layer is divided into three layers of pressure, state and response; the element layer comprises six levels of natural factor interference A1, human factor interference A2, a habitat pollution index A3, an ecological index A4, an ecosystem service function A5 and a protection area management level A6; the index layer is used for representing the upper element layer;
step S03: determining the characteristics and evaluation criteria of indexes of each level, and evaluating based on pressure, state and response related parameters. The pressure aspect is mainly reflected by natural factors and human factor interference, the state aspect is mainly reflected by habitat pollution indexes and ecological indexes, and the response aspect is mainly reflected by the ecological system service function and the management level of a protected area; all indexes of the index layer are forward indexes (the higher the score is, the healthier the index is), and the indexes are assigned by grading, wherein the indexes are assigned as 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 in sequence from high to low;
step S04: determining the weight of each level index; specifically, importance evaluation is carried out on indexes of each hierarchy by using an analytic hierarchy process and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a judgment matrix is constructed, and the weight of each index is determined; the judgment matrix is assigned with 1-9 and the inverse number thereof, wherein 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 represent that the former is equally important, slightly important, obviously important, strongly important and extremely important relative to the importance of the latter, the inverse number represents that the former is inversely compared with the latter, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 represent transition states between the two adjacent assignments;
step S05: dividing the health level of the ecosystem of the vulnerable bay;
step S06: quantitatively evaluating the health condition of the ecosystem of the vulnerable gulf based on the EHI, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein EHI is the overall health index, SiAssigning a score, W, to each index dataiN is the index number.
Specifically, the natural factor interference is mainly determined by indexes of pest damage degree B1 and biological invasion degree B2; the human factor interference is mainly determined based on population density B3, total regional production value B4, total third industrial value proportion B5, urban domestic sewage discharge amount B6, industrial wastewater discharge amount B7 and land utilization strength B8; the habitat pollution indexes comprise a water eutrophication degree B9, a water heavy metal pollution degree B10, a water organic pollution degree B11, a sediment heavy metal pollution degree B12 and a sediment organic pollution degree B13; the ecological indexes comprise mangrove forest area annual average change rate B14, mangrove plant biodiversity B15, large benthonic animal biodiversity B16 and bird biodiversity B17; the service functions of the ecological system comprise mangrove forest wind-proof wave-dissipating bank-protecting capacity B18, pollutant-purifying capacity B19, scientific research and education value B20 and rest and tourism value B21; the protected zone management level covers the protected zone level B22, the current policy and regulations and their enforcement B23, public participation B24, and effective financial expenditure B25.
Specifically, after the patent judgment matrix of the invention passes consistency check, the normalized weight of each index of the index layer is as follows: w1, the weight of the pest damage degree B1 is 0.0825; w2, biological invasion degree B2 weight 0.0825; w3, population density B3 weight 0.0190; w4, the regional production total value B4 has the weight of 0.0202; w5, the third industry gross weight proportion B5 is 0.0164; w6, the weight of urban domestic sewage discharge B6 is 0.0291; w7, the weight of the industrial wastewater discharge B6 is 0.0531; w8, land use intensity B8 weight 0.0272; w9, the water eutrophication degree B9 has the weight of 0.0495; w10, the heavy metal pollution degree B10 of the water body is 0.0495; w11, the weight of the organic pollution degree B11 of the water body is 0.0495; w12, the heavy metal pollution degree of the sediment B12 is 0.0495; w13, organic contamination level of deposit B13 weight 0.0495; w14, wherein the weight of the mangrove forest area annual average change rate B14 is 0.0206; w15, mangrove plant biodiversity B15 weight of 0.0206; w16, large benthonic biodiversity B16 weight of 0.0206; w17, avian biodiversity B18 weight 0.0206; w18, the weight of the wind break wave-breaking embankment-protecting capacity B18 is 0.0755; w19, capacity for purifying pollutants B19 with weight of 0.1258; w20, scientific education value B20 weight is 0.0402; w21, rest tour value B21 weight 0.0335; w22, protection zone level B22 weight 0.0138; w23, weight of current policy and regulation and execution force B23 is 0.0138; w24, public engagement B24 weight 0.0138; w25, effective financial expenditure B25 weight 0.0138.
Specifically, the invention discloses a method for dividing the health level of the ecosystem of the vulnerable gulf, which is divided into five levels:
EHI is more than 4 and less than or equal to 5, the fragile bay ecosystem is in an extremely healthy state, is little interfered and has little environmental pollution, species in the forest are abundant, the ecological service value is very high, the ecological system is comprehensively and effectively managed, and the ecosystem has a stable structure and extremely high vitality.
EHI is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a healthy state, is less interfered and has less environmental pollution, species in the forest are rich, the ecological service value is higher, the ecological system is comprehensively and effectively managed, the structure of the ecosystem is stable, and the vitality is stronger.
EHI is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a sub-health state and is interfered to a certain degree and polluted by environment, the species diversity and the ecological service value in the forest are influenced, the management level needs to be improved, the ecosystem structure is unstable, and the vitality is degraded.
The EHI is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the fragile bay ecosystem is in an unhealthy state, the external pressure such as interference, environmental pollution and the like is strong, the variety of species and the ecological service value in the forest are reduced, the management level needs to be improved urgently, the structure of the ecosystem is broken, and the ecological function cannot be normally exerted.
The EHI is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a sick state, the external pressure such as interference, environmental pollution and the like is huge, the species diversity and the ecological service value in the forest are obviously reduced, the management level is obviously insufficient, the structure of the ecosystem is seriously damaged, and the ecological function is seriously degraded.
Has the advantages that:
the invention improves the evaluation method of the health condition of the bay in the past only relating to a single aspect when evaluating the health of the ecosystem of the fragile bay, comprehensively considers the relevant indexes of society, economy and ecosystem, and more scientifically and comprehensively characterizes the state of the ecosystem of the fragile bay in terms of habitat and ecology and the response of the ecosystem in terms of ecological service function under the pressure of natural and artificial interference. The method has important significance in evaluating the health of the ecosystem of the fragile bay and the subsequent protection and management of bay resources.
Drawings
The following description is further made with reference to the accompanying drawings and with reference to the examples of the patent of the present invention, wherein fig. 1 is a technical route diagram of a vulnerable gulf ecosystem health assessment method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the evaluation of the health of the wetland ecosystem of the mangrove in gulf is selected as an embodiment.
Step S01: according to the literature research and field investigation results, collecting mangrove forest ecosystem related data, including natural factor and human factor interference data, habitat pollution index data, ecological index data, ecosystem service function related data and protection area management level related data. The collected specific information or data comprises mangrove plant diseases and insect pests, biological invasion information, population density, total regional production value, total third-production value proportion, urban domestic sewage discharge amount, industrial wastewater discharge amount, land utilization intensity (mainly considering the distance between the mangrove boundary and the city center) data, water eutrophication, water heavy metal, water organic pollution, sediment heavy metal pollution and sediment organic pollution data, mangrove area annual average change rate, mangrove plant biological diversity, large benthonic animal biological diversity and bird biological diversity data, mangrove storm-breaking embankment-protecting value, purified pollutant value, scientific research and education value and rest and tourism value data, protection zone grade, current regulation and law execution force, public participation and effective financial expenditure information.
Step S02: and according to the collected related data and information, considering the representativeness and the availability of the indexes, constructing a mangrove forest ecosystem health evaluation index system under the influence of urbanization.
Step S03: and determining the characteristics and evaluation criteria of the indexes of each level. Specifically, the evaluation criteria and assignments of the respective indices are as follows:
according to literature research, mangrove forest has disease and pest problems and produces significant harm to mangrove plants, but effective control measures have been taken, and the value is assigned to 2 according to the evaluation criteria of table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation criteria for mangrove forest pest and disease damage degree index
According to literature research, mangrove forest has biological invasion problem and obvious harm to mangrove plant, but effective control measures have been taken, and the evaluation standard according to table 2 is assigned as 2.
TABLE 2 mangrove biological invasion degree index evaluation criteria
Population density evaluation criteria: population density is less than 1000 people/km2Assigning a value of 5; 1000 persons/km2The population density is less than or equal to 2000 persons/km2Assigning a value of 4; 2000 persons/km2The population density is less than 3000 people/km or more2Assigning a value of 3; 3000 persons/km2The population density is less than 4000 people/km2Assigning a value of 2; population density is more than or equal to 4000 people/km2And the value is 1. The population density of the market in which the mangrove forest is located is 6730 persons/km according to the yearbook2Thus the mangrove population density indicator is assigned a value of 1.
Area production total value evaluation standard: the GDP of the region is less than 5000 hundred million yuan, and the value is assigned 5; the GDP of the region with 5000 hundred million yuan less than or equal to 10000 hundred million yuan is assigned with a value of 4; the GDP of the region with 10000 hundred million Yuan or less is less than 15000 million Yuan, and the value is assigned 3; the GDP of the area with 15000 hundred million yuan less than or equal to 20000 hundred million yuan is assigned with 2; the GDP of the region is more than or equal to 20000 hundred million yuan and is assigned with 1. Looking up the yearbook, the total production value of the city region where the mangrove forest is located is 26927 hundred million yuan, so the total production value index of the mangrove forest region is assigned as 1.
The third industry total value proportion evaluation standard: the specific gravity is less than 50 percent, and the value is assigned 5; the specific gravity is more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent, and the value is assigned 4; the specific gravity is more than 60 percent and less than 70 percent, and the value is 3; the specific gravity is more than 70 percent and less than 80 percent, and the value is assigned 2; the specific gravity is more than 80 percent, and the value is 1. Looking up the yearbook, the proportion of the total value of the third industry in the market of the mangrove forest is 60.9%, so the value of the index of the proportion of the total value of the third industry of the mangrove forest is 3.
The evaluation standard of the discharge amount of urban domestic sewage is as follows: the emission is less than 10000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 5; 10000 million tons < discharge < 70000 million tons, and value assignment is 4; 70000 ten thousand tons < discharge < 140000 ten thousand tons, and value assignment is 3; 140000 million tons < emission < 210000 million tons, and value assignment is 2; the discharge is more than 210000 ten thousand tons, and the value is 1. According to the yearbook and the urban water resource report, the discharge amount of the domestic sewage in the cities and towns of the mangrove forest is 102583 ten thousand tons, so the index of the discharge amount of the domestic sewage in the cities and towns of the mangrove forest is assigned to 3.
Evaluation standard of industrial wastewater discharge: the discharge amount is less than 5000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 5; 5000 ten thousand tons is less than discharge amount of less than 150000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 4; 15000 ten thousand tons < discharge < 30000 ten thousand tons, and assigned value 3; 30000 million tons < emission < 45000 million tons, and value assignment is 2; the discharge is more than 45000 ten thousand tons, and the value is 1. According to the yearbook and the urban water resource report, the industrial wastewater discharge amount of the city where the mangrove forest is located is 39681 ten thousand tons, so the index of the industrial wastewater discharge amount of the mangrove forest is assigned as 2.
Land use intensity mainly considers the distance of mangrove forest boundaries from city centers (municipalities). Evaluation criteria of land utilization strength: assigning a value of 5 when the distance is more than or equal to 40 km; the distance is more than or equal to 30km and less than 40km, and the value is assigned 4; the distance is more than or equal to 20km and less than 30km, and the value is assigned to 3; the distance is more than or equal to 10km and less than 20km, and the value is assigned to 2; distance < 10km, value 1. The mangrove forest is 4km away from the city government, so the land use intensity index of the mangrove forest is assigned a value of 1.
The water eutrophication degree is reflected by the eutrophication comprehensive index E, and the specific formula E is (COD is multiplied by DIN is multiplied by DIP is multiplied by 10)6) /4500, wherein COD refers to chemical oxygen demand, DIN refers to soluble inorganic nitrogen, and DIP refers to soluble inorganic phosphorus, all in mg/L. Evaluation standard of water eutrophication degree: e<1, indicating that the water body is in poor nutrition and the value is 5; e is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which indicates that the water body is slightly eutrophicated and is assigned with the value of 3; e is more than 3 and less than or equal to 9, which indicates that the water body is in moderate eutrophication and is assigned as 2; e is more than 9, which indicates that the water body is heavily eutrophicated and is assigned as 1. According to the literature research andthe general index E of the eutrophication of mangrove forest is 137.7. Therefore, the water eutrophication degree index of the mangrove forest is assigned as 1.
The water body heavy metal pollution degree is quantitatively evaluated by adopting a Hakanson index method, and the water body heavy metal ecological risk is evaluated by combining a single-factor pollution index method with a comprehensive pollution index method and utilizing a potential ecological hazard index RI. Specific formula
Wherein
The coefficient of toxicity is given as,
is the actually measured content of the heavy metal elements,
is the seawater quality standard of the heavy metal. Evaluation standard of heavy metal pollution degree of water body: RI < 150, representing slight ecological hazard, and value 4; RI is more than or equal to 150 and less than 300, representing moderate ecological hazard and being assigned with value 3; RI is more than or equal to 300 and less than 600, representing strong ecological hazard and being assigned with value 2; RI is more than or equal to 600, which represents extremely strong ecological hazard and is assigned as 1.
According to literature research, the quality of the ocean water at the mangrove forest site is subjected to three types of standards, and the table 3 shows the toxicity coefficient of the heavy metal and the heavy metal seawater. The potential ecological hazard index RI of the mangrove water heavy metal is 427, so the index of the pollution degree of the mangrove water heavy metal is assigned as 2.
TABLE 3 heavy metal toxicity coefficient and heavy metal seawater three-class standard
The degree of organic pollution of the water body is quantitatively evaluated by a water body organic pollution index method, and specifically, the organic pollution index A is used for evaluation. Specific formula
Wherein DO is dissolved oxygen in mg/L. COD0、DIN0、DIP0And DO0The water quality standards of the seawater are respectively shown in the table 4. Evaluation standard of organic pollution degree of water body: a is less than 0, which shows that the water quality is good and the value is 5; a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2, which shows that the water quality is better and the value is 4; a is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, which indicates that the water quality is slightly polluted and is assigned with 3; a is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4, which shows moderate water pollution and is assigned with value 2; a is more than 4, which indicates that the water quality is seriously polluted and is assigned with 1.
Looking up the literature, the mangrove forest water organic pollution index A can be calculated to be 8.01, so that the mangrove forest water organic pollution degree index is assigned to be 1.
TABLE 4 three standards of seawater quality
The ecological risk of the heavy metal in the sediment is quantitatively evaluated by adopting a Hakanson index method, and specifically, the ecological risk coefficient E is used for evaluation. Specific formula
Wherein
As the reference value of the heavy metal, the background value of the uncontaminated soil is adopted. Evaluation standard of heavy metal pollution degree of sediment: e is less than or equal to 40, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is slight, and the value is assigned 5; e is more than 40 and less than or equal to 80, the ecological risk of heavy metal is moderate, and the value is assigned 4; e is more than 80 and less than or equal to 160, the ecological risk of heavy metal is strong, and the value is assigned 3; e is more than 160 and less than or equal to 320, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is very strong, and the value is assigned 2; e is more than 320, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is extremely strong, and the value is 1.
Looking up the literature, the heavy metal Cu in the mangrove forest sediment: e ═ 13.9, Cd: 75.0 percent of E, 3.1 percent of Zn, 6.5 percent of Pb and 14.4 percent of As, wherein the ecological risk of the heavy metal Cd is moderate, and the ecological risk of the other heavy metals is slight, so the index of the heavy metal pollution degree of mangrove forest sediment is assigned As 4.
The organic pollution degree of the sediments is judged by adopting a sediment organic pollution index method, and specifically, the organic pollution index OI is used for evaluation. The specific formula OI is OC × ON, where OC is organic carbon and ON is organic nitrogen, and the units are% in each case. Evaluation standard of organic pollution degree of sediment: OI is less than 0.05, and the deposit is clean and assigned with value of 5; OI is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than 0.2, and deposits are lightly polluted and assigned with value 3; OI is more than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.5, and the deposit is moderately polluted and assigned with 2; OI is more than or equal to 0.5, and the deposit is heavily polluted and is assigned with 1.
Looking up the literature, the mangrove forest water organic pollution index OI can be calculated to be 0.01%, so the mangrove forest sediment organic pollution degree index is assigned to be 5.
The annual average change rate of the mangrove forest area is determined by the annual average change rate of the mangrove forest area in 2008-2017, and the evaluation standard is as follows: the annual average change rate is more than 10 percent and the value is 5; between 5% and 10%, value 4; between 0% and 5%, value 3; between-5% and 0%, value 2; between-10% and-5%, with a value of 1. According to literature research, the annual average change rate of the area of the mangrove forest in 2008-2017 is 33.8%, so the annual average change rate index of the area of the mangrove forest is assigned to 5.
The mangrove plant biodiversity is determined according to Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the specific formula
Wherein S is the number of species, PiThe number of individuals of species i is a proportion of the total number of individuals. Mangrove plant biodiversity evaluation criteria: h' > 2, value 5; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned 4; h' is more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.5, and value assignment is 3; h' is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, and the value is assigned to 2; h' is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, and the value is assigned to 1. According to literature research, mangrove plant biodiversity index H of the mangrove forest′The mangrove plant biodiversity index was therefore assigned a value of 2 as 0.951.
The biodiversity of the large benthonic animals is determined according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the specific formula is the same as the above. Evaluation criteria of biodiversity of large benthos: h' is more than 3 and less than or equal to 3.5, and the value is assigned to 5; h' is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the value is assigned 4; h' is more than 2 and less than or equal to 2.5, assigning a value of 3; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned to 2; h, H′Assigning value of 1 is less than or equal to 1.5. According to literature research, the large benthonic animal biodiversity index H of the mangrove forest′1.81, and therefore the large benthonic biodiversity index was assigned a value of 2.
The bird biodiversity is determined according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the specific formula is the same as above. Evaluation criteria for avian biodiversity: h' is more than 3.5 and less than or equal to 4, and the value is assigned 5; h' is more than 3 and less than or equal to 3.5, and value assignment is 4; h' is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the value is assigned to 3; h' is more than 2 and less than or equal to 2.5, and the value is assigned to 2; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned to 1. According to literature research, the bird biodiversity index H of mangrove′The bird biodiversity index was assigned a value of 4 as 3.02.
By looking up the literature, the mangrove storm-breaking embankment-protecting capability is calculated according to the formula V ═ A × P, wherein V is the value of the mangrove wetland for resisting storm surge and wave-breaking embankment, A is the mangrove wetland area, and P is the unit wetland area storm-breaking embankment-protecting value [ Yuan/(hm)/[ m ] of2·a)]. The unit value of the mangrove wetland wind-proof wave-breaking embankment is 1839 dollars/(hm)2A) the reduced RMB is about 12049 RMB/(hm)2A) (Renminbi exchange rate calculated as 1: 6.55). Mangrove windproof wave-eliminating bank protection value evaluation standard: the value is more than 1000 ten thousand, and the value is 5; the value is more than 800 and less than or equal to 1000 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 4; the value is more than 600 and less than or equal to 800 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 3; the value is more than 400 and less than or equal to 600 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 2; the value is less than or equal to 400 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 1. Therefore, the value of the mangrove breakwater-breaking dike-protecting value is 443.4 ten thousand, and the value index of the mangrove breakwater-breaking dike-protecting value is assigned to 2.
By looking up documents, the calculation of the pollutant purifying capacity of mangrove is divided into two steps: firstly, solving degradation SO of mangrove wetland2Of mangrove to SO2Absorption measurement of 150kg hm-2·a-1Every 1t SO cut2The investment cost of (2) is 600 yuan; secondly, estimating mangrove ecosystem SO according to an expert evaluation method2The degradation value accounts for 60 percent of the total degradation value of the total pollutants, and the value of purifying the pollutants by the mangrove wetland is calculated. Mangrove purification pollutant value evaluation standard: the value is more than 12 thousands, and the value is 5; 8 ten thousand is less than or equal to 12 ten thousand, and the value is assignedA value of 4; the value is more than 4 ten thousand and less than or equal to 8 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 3; the value is more than 1 ten thousand and less than or equal to 4 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 2; the value is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 1. Therefore, the purification pollutant value of the mangrove forest is 5.52 ten thousand, and the value index of the purification pollutant value of the mangrove forest is 3.
By consulting the literature, the mangrove scientific research and education value is calculated according to the formula V ═ A × E, wherein V is the scientific research and environmental education value available for mangrove wetland, A is the mangrove wetland area, and E is the unit area wetland education and scientific research value [ element/(hm) ]2·a)]. The scientific research and education value provided by the mangrove wetland unit area is 861 dollars/(hm)2A), reduced RMB 5641 yuan/(hm)2A) (Renminbi exchange rate 1: 6.55), but the average scientific research value of the wetland ecosystem in unit area of China is only 382 yuan/(hm)2A), is far lower than the scientific research value of the international wetland, so the average value is 3012 Yuan/(hm)2A) is used as the scientific research value of the wetland in unit area in China. Mangrove scientific research and education value evaluation standard: the value is more than 500 ten thousand, and the value is 5; the value is more than 350 and less than or equal to 500 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 4; the value is more than 200 and less than or equal to 350 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 3; the value is more than 50 and less than or equal to 200 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 2; the value is less than or equal to 50 ten thousand and the value is 1. Therefore, the value of the mangrove forest education and scientific research is 443.4 ten thousand, and the value of the mangrove forest education and scientific research value index is 2.
By looking up the literature, the resting and tourism value of the mangrove is calculated according to the formula V ═ A × T, wherein V is the resting and tourism value available for the mangrove wetland, A is the mangrove wetland area, and T is the wetland resting and tourism value per unit area [ element/(hm) } T2·a)]. Looking up the yearbook, the tourism income of the unit area of the city can be calculated, and according to the expert evaluation method, the wetland tourism income accounts for 10% of the total tourism income, so that the resting tourism value of the unit area of the mangrove forest is calculated. Evaluation criteria of the rest tourism value of the mangrove forest: the value is more than 4000 ten thousand, and the value is 5; the value is more than 2000 ten thousand and less than or equal to 4000 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 4; the value is more than 1000 ten thousand and less than or equal to 2000 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 3; the value is more than 500 ten thousand and less than or equal to 1000 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 2; the value is less than or equal to 500 ten thousand, and the value is assigned 1. Therefore, the resting tourist value of the mangrove is 846.4 ten thousand, and thus the resting tourist value index of the mangrove is assigned 2.
The level of the protected area is judged by whether the mangrove forest is a Lamm Sael international important wetland, a national level natural protection area, a provincial level natural protection area, a municipal level natural protection area and a county level natural protection area, and is sequentially assigned as 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. Looking up the relevant data, the mangrove forest is known to be a national level natural protected area, so the protected area grade index is assigned as 4.
Looking up related data, the mangrove forest has issued mangrove forest wetland related management regulations, such as 'Shenzhen urban park island-Futian national level natural protection area management regulations' issued in 2012 and 1 month, and has strong execution force, and according to the evaluation criteria of table 5, the current policy and regulation and the execution force index thereof are assigned to 5.
TABLE 5 mangrove forest current policy and regulation and evaluation standard of its execution strength index
Referring to the relevant data, the mangrove forest held the environmental protection activities of volunteers and cooperated with research colleges such as Zhongshan university and Shenzhen graduate institute of Beijing university, and the public participation index was assigned as 5 according to the evaluation criteria in Table 6.
TABLE 6 evaluation criteria for public participation index of mangrove forest
The effective financial expenditure is determined according to the relevant financial expenditure of the city government where the mangrove wetland is located, the financial expenditure of agriculture, forestry and water affairs in the city where the mangrove is located can be obtained by looking up the yearbook, the effective financial expenditure for the mangrove is further estimated to be 1/3 occupying agriculture, forestry and water affairs, and the effective financial expenditure for the mangrove in the city is calculated. Evaluation criteria of effective financial expenditure: greater than 30 billion, value 5; between 20 hundred million and 30 hundred million, assigned a value of 4; between 10 and 20 hundred million, with a value of 3; between 5 hundred million and 10 hundred million, assigned a value of 2; less than 5 hundred million, with an assignment of 1. According to yearbook, the effective financial expenditure of the mangrove forest is 27.8 hundred million, so the effective financial expenditure index is assigned to 4.
Step S04: the weights of the indexes of each level are determined. And Table 7 shows the evaluation index system of the health of the mangrove ecosystem of a certain place and the assignment and weight of each index score.
TABLE 7 evaluation index system for mangrove ecosystem health and score assignment and weight of each index
Step S05: and (4) dividing the health level of the mangrove ecological system.
Step S06: comprehensively evaluating the health condition of the mangrove forest ecosystem based on the pressure, the state, the response index health index and the comprehensive health index EHI. According to a health index calculation formula, the comprehensive health index EHI of the mangrove ecological system is 2.4746, the health index of the pressure index is 1.9173, the health index of the state index is 2.7339, and the health index of the response index is 2.7726. Further, the mangrove forest ecosystem is obtained to be in a sub-health state, wherein the pressure index is in an unhealthy state, the state index is in a sub-health state, and the response index is in a sub-health state.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present patent should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fragile bay ecosystem health evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S01: collecting relevant data of the vulnerable bay ecosystem, wherein the relevant data comprises natural factor and human factor interference data, habitat pollution index data, ecological index data, relevant data of the ecosystem service function and relevant data of the management level of a protected area;
step S02: constructing a health evaluation system of the ecosystem of the fragile bay based on the related parameters of society, economy and ecosystem, wherein the evaluation system comprises a target layer, a standard layer, an element layer and an index layer;
step S03: determining the characteristics and evaluation criteria of indexes of each level, and evaluating based on pressure, state and response related parameters. The pressure-aspect index is mainly reflected by natural factors and human factor interference, the state-aspect index is mainly reflected by a habitat pollution index and an ecological index, and the response-aspect index is mainly reflected by an ecological system service function and a protected area management level;
step S04: determining the weight of each level index;
step S05: dividing the health level of the ecosystem of the vulnerable bay;
step S06: quantitatively evaluating the health condition of the ecosystem of the vulnerable gulf based on the EHI, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein EHI is the overall health index, SiAssigning a score, W, to each index dataiN is the index number.
2. The vulnerable bay ecosystem health assessment method of claim 1, wherein the target layer is a vulnerable bay ecosystem health assessment; the standard layer is divided into three layers of pressure, state and response; the element layer comprises six levels of natural factor interference A1, human factor interference A2, a habitat pollution index A3, an ecological index A4, an ecosystem service function A5 and a protection area management level A6; the index layer is the representation of the previous element layer.
3. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the natural factor interference is determined primarily by pest damage level B1, biological invasion level B2;
the human factor interference is mainly determined based on population density B3, regional production total value B4, third industry total value proportion B5, urban domestic sewage discharge amount B6, industrial wastewater discharge amount B7 and land utilization strength B8.
4. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 3, wherein the pest damage degree is judged according to whether a pest problem exists in the coastal wetland, whether plant health is damaged, and whether management and control measures are taken. Concretely, no pest and disease damage problem exists, and value is assigned 5; yes/no significant impact/yes, value 4; yes/no significant impact/no, value 3; yes/significant impact/yes, value 2; yes/significant impact/no, value 1;
and the biological invasion degree is judged according to the aspects of whether the coastal wetland has a biological invasion problem, whether the coastal wetland has influence on plant health and whether management and control measures are taken. Concretely, no biological invasion problem exists, and 5 is assigned; yes/no significant impact/yes, value 4; yes/no significant impact/no, value 3; yes/significant impact/yes, value 2; yes/significant impact/no, value 1;
the population density is determined by grading, the population density is less than 1000 persons/km2Assigning a value of 5; 1000 persons/km2The population density is less than or equal to 2000 persons/km2Assigning a value of 4; 2000 persons/km2The population density is less than 3000 people/km or more2Assigning a value of 3; 3000 persons/km2The population density is less than 4000 people/km2Assigning a value of 2; population density is more than or equal to 4000 people/km2Assigning a value of 1;
the total area production value (area GDP) is determined by grading, the area GDP is less than 5000 hundred million yuan, and the value is assigned to 5; the GDP of the region with 5000 hundred million yuan less than or equal to 10000 hundred million yuan is assigned with a value of 4; the GDP of the region with 10000 hundred million Yuan or less is less than 15000 million Yuan, and the value is assigned 3; the GDP of the area with 15000 hundred million yuan less than or equal to 20000 hundred million yuan is assigned with 2; the GDP of the region is more than or equal to 20000 hundred million yuan and is assigned with the value of 1;
the proportion of the total value of the third industry is determined by grading, the proportion is less than 50 percent, and the value is assigned 5; the specific gravity is more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent, and the value is assigned 4; the specific gravity is more than 60 percent and less than 70 percent, and the value is 3; the specific gravity is more than 70 percent and less than 80 percent, and the value is assigned 2; the specific gravity is more than 80 percent, and the value is 1;
the discharge amount of the urban domestic sewage is determined by grading, the discharge amount is less than 10000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 5; 10000 million tons < discharge < 70000 million tons, and value assignment is 4; 70000 ten thousand tons < discharge < 140000 ten thousand tons, and value assignment is 3; 140000 million tons < emission < 210000 million tons, and value assignment is 2; the discharge is more than 210000 ten thousand tons, and the value is 1;
the discharge amount of the industrial wastewater is determined by grading, the discharge amount is less than 5000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 5; 5000 ten thousand tons is less than discharge amount of less than 150000 ten thousand tons, and the value is assigned 4; 15000 ten thousand tons < discharge < 30000 ten thousand tons, and assigned value 3; 30000 million tons < emission < 45000 million tons, and value assignment is 2; the discharge is more than 45000 ten thousand tons, and the value is 1;
the land utilization intensity is mainly determined by the distance from the mangrove forest boundary to the center of the city, the distance is more than or equal to 40km, and the value is assigned 5; the distance is more than or equal to 30km and less than 40km, and the value is assigned 4; the distance is more than or equal to 20km and less than 30km, and the value is assigned to 3; the distance is more than or equal to 10km and less than 20km, and the value is assigned to 2; distance < 10km, value 1.
5. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the habitat pollution indices include water eutrophication degree B9, water heavy metal pollution degree B10, water organic pollution degree B11, sediment heavy metal pollution degree B12, and sediment organic pollution degree B13;
the ecological indexes comprise mangrove forest area annual average change rate B14, mangrove plant biodiversity B15, large benthonic animal biodiversity B16 and bird biodiversity B17.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the eutrophication degree of the body of water is reflected by a comprehensive eutrophication index E, wherein E <1, which indicates that the body of water is in poor eutrophication, is assigned a value of 5; e is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which indicates that the water body is slightly eutrophicated and is assigned with the value of 3; e is more than 3 and less than or equal to 9, which indicates that the water body is in moderate eutrophication and is assigned as 2; e is more than 9, which indicates that the water body is heavily eutrophicated and is assigned as 1;
the water body heavy metal pollution degree is quantitatively evaluated by adopting a Hakanson index method, specifically, a single-factor pollution index method is combined with a comprehensive pollution index method, a potential ecological hazard index RI is utilized for evaluation, RI is less than 150, slight ecological hazard is shown, and value is assigned 4; RI is more than or equal to 150 and less than 300, representing moderate ecological hazard and being assigned with value 3; RI is more than or equal to 300 and less than 600, representing strong ecological hazard and being assigned with value 2; RI is more than or equal to 600, which represents extremely strong ecological hazard and is assigned as 1;
the organic pollution degree of the water body is quantitatively evaluated by a water body organic pollution index method, specifically, the organic pollution index A is used for evaluation, the A is less than 0, the water quality is good, and the value is 5; a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2, which shows that the water quality is better and the value is 4; a is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, which indicates that the water quality is slightly polluted and is assigned with 3; a is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4, which shows moderate water pollution and is assigned with value 2; a is more than 4, which indicates that the water quality is seriously polluted and is assigned with 1;
the sediment heavy metal pollution degree is quantitatively evaluated by adopting a Hakanson index method, specifically, an ecological risk coefficient E is used for evaluation, the E is less than or equal to 40, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is slight, and the value is assigned 5; e is more than 40 and less than or equal to 80, the ecological risk of heavy metal is moderate, and the value is assigned 4; e is more than 80 and less than or equal to 160, the ecological risk of heavy metal is strong, and the value is assigned 3; e is more than 160 and less than or equal to 320, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is very strong, and the value is assigned 2; e is more than 320, the ecological risk of the heavy metal is extremely strong, and the value is 1;
the organic pollution degree of the sediments is judged by adopting a sediment organic pollution index method, specifically, an organic pollution index OI is used for evaluation, the OI is less than 0.05, the sediments are clean, and the value is 5; OI is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than 0.2, and deposits are lightly polluted and assigned with value 3; OI is more than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.5, and the deposit is moderately polluted and assigned with 2; OI is more than or equal to 0.5, and the value is 1 when the sediments are heavily polluted;
the annual average change rate of the mangrove forest area is determined by the annual average change rate of the mangrove forest area in 2008-2017, the annual average change rate is more than 10%, and the value is assigned 5; between 5% and 10%, value 4; between 0% and 5%, value 3; between-5% and 0%, value 2; between-10% and-5%, value 1;
the mangrove plant biodiversity is determined according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, H' > 2, and 5 is assigned; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned 4; h' is more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.5, and value assignment is 3; h' is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, and the value is assigned to 2; h' is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, and the value is assigned to 1;
the biodiversity of the large benthonic animals is determined according to Shannon-Wiener diversity index, wherein H' is more than 3 and less than or equal to 3.5, and the value is assigned to 5; h' is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the value is assigned 4; h' is more than 2 and less than or equal to 2.5, and the value is assigned to 3; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned to 2; h′Assigning value of 1 is less than or equal to 1.5;
the bird biodiversity is determined according to Shannon-Wiener diversity index, wherein H' is more than 3.5 and less than or equal to 4, and value is assigned to 5; h' is more than 3 and less than or equal to 3.5, and value assignment is 4; h' is more than 2.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the value is assigned to 3; h' is more than 2 and less than or equal to 2.5, and the value is assigned to 2; h' is more than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2, and the value is assigned to 1.
7. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the ecosystem service functions include mangrove forest storm protection and embankment protection capabilities B18, pollutant purification capabilities B19, scientific research and education values B20, and rest tourism values B21; the protected zone management level covers the protected zone level B22, the current policy and regulations and their enforcement B23, public participation B24, and effective financial expenditure B25.
8. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the storm surge protection and embankment protection capabilities are determined according to the value of the mangrove wetland against storm surge and the breakwater protection; the pollutant purification capacity is determined by the total pollutant degradation value of the mangrove wetland; the scientific research and education value is determined according to the scientific investigation and environmental education value available for the mangrove wetland; the rest and tourism value is determined according to the value of the mangrove wetland for rest and recreation service, and the value is divided into levels 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 from high to low;
the level of the protection area is judged by whether the mangrove forest is a Lamm Sael international important wetland, a national level natural protection area, a provincial level natural protection area, a municipal level natural protection area and a county level natural protection area, and is sequentially assigned as 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1;
the current policy and regulation and the execution strength thereof are determined according to whether mangrove forest wetland related management regulations and the execution strength thereof are issued, the relevant mangrove forest wetland management regulations and the execution strength thereof are already issued and are assigned as 5; the method has already issued relevant mangrove wetland management regulations but has weaker execution strength and is assigned as 3; the mangrove wetland related management regulation is not issued, and the value is assigned to 1;
the public participation degree is judged by whether the mangrove wetland holds the environmental protection activities of the volunteers and whether the mangrove wetland cooperates with the colleges and universities, and the value is assigned 5 when the mangrove wetland holds the environmental protection activities of the volunteers and cooperates with the colleges and universities; assigning 3 if the volunteer environmental protection activity is held but no cooperation with the colleges and universities or no volunteer environmental protection activity is held but the volunteer environmental protection activity is held; the volunteer who does not hold the environmental protection activity and does not cooperate with the colleges and universities for scientific research is assigned with 1;
the effective financial expenditure is determined according to the relevant financial expenditure of the city government where the mangrove wetland is located, and the value is 5 if the cost is more than 30 hundred million yuan; between 20 hundred million and 30 hundred million, assigned a value of 4; between 10 and 20 hundred million, with a value of 3; between 5 hundred million and 10 hundred million, assigned a value of 2; less than 5 hundred million, with an assignment of 1.
9. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the weights of the indicators at each level are determined, in particular:
evaluating the importance of each level index by using an analytic hierarchy process and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process, constructing a judgment matrix, and determining the weight of each index; the judgment matrix is assigned with 1-9 and the inverse number thereof, wherein 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 represent that the former is equally important, slightly important, obviously important, strongly important and extremely important relative to the importance of the latter, the inverse number represents that the former is inversely compared with the latter, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 represent transition states between the two adjacent assignments;
after the judgment matrix passes consistency check, determining the weight assignment of each index: w1, the weight of the pest damage degree B1 is 0.0825; w2, biological invasion degree B2 weight 0.0825; w3, population density B3 weight 0.0190; w4, the regional production total value B4 has the weight of 0.0202; w5, the third industry gross weight proportion B5 is 0.0164; w6, the weight of urban domestic sewage discharge B6 is 0.0291; w7, the weight of the industrial wastewater discharge B6 is 0.0531; w8, land use intensity B8 weight 0.0272; w9, the water eutrophication degree B9 has the weight of 0.0495; w10, the heavy metal pollution degree B10 of the water body is 0.0495; w11, the weight of the organic pollution degree B11 of the water body is 0.0495; w12, the heavy metal pollution degree of the sediment B12 is 0.0495; w13, organic contamination level of deposit B13 weight 0.0495; w14, wherein the weight of the mangrove forest area annual average change rate B14 is 0.0206; w15, mangrove plant biodiversity B15 weight of 0.0206; w16, large benthonic biodiversity B16 weight of 0.0206; w17, avian biodiversity B18 weight 0.0206; w18, the weight of the wind break wave-breaking embankment-protecting capacity B18 is 0.0755; w19, capacity for purifying pollutants B19 with weight of 0.1258; w20, scientific education value B20 weight is 0.0402; w21, rest tour value B21 weight 0.0335; w22, protection zone level B22 weight 0.0138; w23, weight of current policy and regulation and execution force B23 is 0.0138; w24, public engagement B24 weight 0.0138; w25, effective financial expenditure B25 weight 0.0138.
10. The fragile bay ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the fragile bay ecosystem health level is classified, specifically:
EHI is more than 4 and less than or equal to 5, the fragile bay ecosystem is in an extremely healthy state, is little interfered and has little environmental pollution, species in the forest are abundant, the ecological service value is very high, the ecological system is comprehensively and effectively managed, and the ecosystem has a stable structure and extremely high vitality.
EHI is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a healthy state, is less interfered and has less environmental pollution, species in the forest are rich, the ecological service value is higher, the ecological system is comprehensively and effectively managed, the structure of the ecosystem is stable, and the vitality is stronger.
EHI is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a sub-health state and is interfered to a certain degree and polluted by environment, the species diversity and the ecological service value in the forest are influenced, the management level needs to be improved, the ecosystem structure is unstable, and the vitality is degraded.
The EHI is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the fragile bay ecosystem is in an unhealthy state, the external pressure such as interference, environmental pollution and the like is strong, the variety of species and the ecological service value in the forest are reduced, the management level needs to be improved urgently, the structure of the ecosystem is broken, and the ecological function cannot be normally exerted.
The EHI is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, the fragile bay ecosystem is in a sick state, the external pressure such as interference, environmental pollution and the like is huge, the species diversity and the ecological service value in the forest are obviously reduced, the management level is obviously insufficient, the structure of the ecosystem is seriously damaged, and the ecological function is seriously degraded.
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