CN113176787A - Power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction - Google Patents

Power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction Download PDF

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CN113176787A
CN113176787A CN202110448732.7A CN202110448732A CN113176787A CN 113176787 A CN113176787 A CN 113176787A CN 202110448732 A CN202110448732 A CN 202110448732A CN 113176787 A CN113176787 A CN 113176787A
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CN113176787B (en
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甘庆忠
余薛浩
王建清
王鹏
张宇星
张飞
王禄
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Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to a power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction, belonging to the technical field of power descent guidance of reentry return landing aircrafts; step one, judging the flight speed of an aircraft pneumatic deceleration section; when the flying speed is lower than the speed threshold A, entering a step two; step two, adopting a soft landing trajectory planning equation set to predict the position [ r ] of the landing pointy(tf),rz(tf)](ii) a Step three, calculating a flight path predicted value S in real time according to the predicted landing point positionpredictedAnd voyage expected value Sdesired(ii) a Step four, when the voyage predicted value SpredictedLess than desired range value SdesiredWhen the aircraft flies continuously according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when voyage predicted value SpredictedGreater than or equal to range expected value SdesiredThen, entering the step five; establishing an online track planning model, solving an optimal solution, and completing online planning; the invention can effectively avoid unreasonable initial trigger conditions, thereby improving the return landing onlineThe reliability of the trajectory planning technology further improves the safety and the success rate of the return landing.

Description

Power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power descent guidance of a reentry return landing aircraft, and relates to a power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction.
Background
Repeatable, low-cost and intelligent development is the development direction of a future space transport system, an online trajectory planning technology is used as a core technology for realizing the return landing guidance system of the next generation of reusable space transporters, and the optimal or feasible trajectory meeting comprehensive terminal constraints and process states and control complex constraints is solved online in the original problem reachable domain so as to meet the harsh landing safety constraints and high-precision requirements. The main difficulty of the technology is that the optimal or feasible fuel track meeting the process, terminal state and control constraint needs to be planned on line at the ignition backstepping moment of the engine so as to eliminate the large dispersion deviation of the initial state of the ignition moment accumulated in the pre-landing stage.
At present, related technical research mainly focuses on a track planning algorithm based on real-time optimization, generally takes flight time, speed or altitude as a trigger condition of an ignition opportunity, actual flight deviation cannot be considered in the trigger mode, and the initial state is often greatly dispersed when the trigger condition is reached, so that a track with large flight distance transfer needs to be planned, difficulty and challenge are added to the track planning algorithm, and even when the trigger opportunity is not correct, the track planning algorithm cannot be solved under current constraint, so that landing failure is caused.
The complexity and feasibility of an online trajectory planning algorithm are directly influenced by the power descent trajectory planning triggering method, and if an inappropriate power descent initial ignition opportunity is triggered, a feasible solution cannot be searched by the trajectory planning algorithm, so that landing failure is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides the power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction, and can effectively avoid unreasonable initial triggering conditions, thereby improving the reliability of the return landing online trajectory planning technology and further improving the safety and success rate of return landing.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a speed threshold A; judging the flight speed of the pneumatic deceleration section in the reentry and return process of the aircraft; when the flying speed is not lower than the speed threshold A, continuing flying according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when the flying speed is lower than the speed threshold A, entering a step two;
step two, adopting a soft landing trajectory planning equation set to predict the position [ r ] of the landing pointy(tf),rz(tf)];
Step three, calculating a flight path predicted value S in real time according to the predicted landing point positionpredictedAnd voyage expected value Sdesired
Step four, predicting the voyage value SpredictedAnd voyage expected value SdesiredComparing, and obtaining the predicted value S of the voyagepredictedLess than desired range value SdesiredWhen the aircraft flies continuously according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when voyage predicted value SpredictedGreater than or equal to range expected value SdesiredTriggering the online track planning of power reduction, and entering a fifth step;
step five, establishing an online track planning model, and solving a thrust vector instruction T of the planned engine according to the online track planning model*(t) post-planning nominal trajectory position r*(t) and the post-planning velocity vector v*And (t), completing the online planning.
In the above power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction, in the first step, the pneumatic deceleration section is a preceding flight stage of the power descent section, and the flight speed is a relative landing planetary speed.
In the above on-line triggering method for power descent trajectory planning based on drop point prediction, in the second step, the soft landing trajectory planning equation set is:
Figure BDA0003037954610000031
s,t.
Figure BDA0003037954610000032
Figure BDA0003037954610000033
Figure BDA0003037954610000034
r(t0)=r0,v(t0)=v0,m(t0)=m0
rx(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[Tx(tf)≠0 0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
wherein, | is the module of solving vector q;
r (t) is a position vector that changes with time during landing;
Figure BDA0003037954610000035
is to derive r (t);
v (t) is a velocity vector;
g=[-g0,0,0]is a constant gravity acceleration vector; wherein, g0The gravity acceleration of the earth surface is obtained;
t (t) is rocket engine thrust vector;
m (t) is mass;
Srefis the effective cross-sectional area of the landing aircraft;
CDis the aerodynamic drag coefficient;
ρ is the atmospheric density;
α=1/(Ispg0),Ispspecific impulse for an aircraft rocket engine;
r0predicting an initial time position vector for the landing aircraft;
v0predicting an initial moment velocity vector for the landing aircraft;
m0predicting initial moment quality for a landing aircraft;
t0predicting an initial moment;
tfpredicting the terminal time;
rx(tf) Is the landing terminal altitude;
Tx(tf) The magnitude of the thrust;
mdryis the structural mass of the rocket;
Tminis the minimum thrust of the rocket engine;
Tmaxthe maximum thrust of the rocket engine;
calculating the terminal horizontal position of the soft landing trajectory planning equation set, namely the landing point position [ ry(tf),rz(tf)]。
In the above-mentioned on-line triggering method for power descent trajectory planning based on drop point prediction, in the third step, the flight prediction value SpredictedThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Spredicted=||[ry(t0)-ry(tf),rz(t0)-rz(tf)]T||
in the formula, ry(t0) Predicting the horizontal position of the y direction at the initial moment;
rz(t0) For predicting the z-direction of the initial timeA horizontal position;
voyage expected value SdesiredThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Sdesired=||[ry(t0),rz(t0)]T||。
in the above power down trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction, in the fifth step, the online trajectory planning model is:
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2
in the formula, tplanTime for starting flying according to the planning instruction after the track planning is finished;
tplan-t0consuming time for planning algorithms
v(tplan) The flight speed after the planning for recursion is completed;
r(tplan) A position vector after the recursive planning is completed;
r(t0) The position when the online planning is triggered;
v(t0) Speed when triggering on-line planning;
a(t0) An acceleration vector when online planning is triggered;
with tplan、r(tplan)、v(tplan) And performing online track planning calculation as initial state input of the online track planning.
In the above on-line triggering method for power descent trajectory planning based on drop point prediction, the on-line trajectory planning calculation method is:
establishing a fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation system calculated by on-line trajectory planning:
Figure BDA0003037954610000051
s,t.
Figure BDA0003037954610000052
Figure BDA0003037954610000053
Figure BDA0003037954610000054
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2,
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0),m(tplan)=m0
r(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[0 Ty(tf)≠0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
|||T(ti+1)||-||T(ti)|||≤ΔTmax
Figure BDA0003037954610000055
||[rx(t),rz(t)]T||cotθgs≤ry(t),θgs∈[0,90°)
in the formula, r (t)f) Planning the position of an equation for the three-dimensional vector of the landing terminal position and the fixed-point landing track;
ti+1and tiTwo adjacent time points are taken in the calculation process;
ΔTmaxis divided into twoMaximum allowable beat-to-beat thrust variation;
Figure BDA0003037954610000056
is a unit vector [100 ] of the plumb direction];
θT,maxIs an angle constraint between the thrust direction and the plumb line;
θgsthe included angle between a connecting line between the rocket and the landing point and the horizon is restrained;
solving the optimal solution T of the fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation set calculated by the online track planning*(t)、r*(t)、v*(t); wherein, T*(t) a planned engine thrust vector command; r is*(t) nominal trajectory position after planning; v. of*And (t) is a planned velocity vector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the online trigger condition judgment of the power descent section at the beginning of the pneumatic deceleration section is selected, and the flight maneuver capacity of the power descent section of the aircraft is judged in real time through the drop point prediction in the flight process, so that the failure risk of power descent trajectory planning can be effectively reduced;
(2) the selection and implementation of the drop point prediction algorithm and the power descent trajectory planning algorithm can be realized through the adjustment of the terminal position constraint, and the use is convenient;
(3) according to the method, the influence of the time consumed by planning and calculation is fully considered when the power descent trajectory planning is triggered, the influence of the time consumed by the trajectory planning on the planning result can be eliminated through a motion state recursion strategy, and the precision of the real-time trajectory planning is improved;
(4) the invention realizes the improvement of the reliability of the power-down online trajectory planning
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an on-line triggering flow chart of the power descent trajectory planning of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction, which solves the problem of determining the ignition reverse thrust opportunity of a power descent section of a returned landing aircraft and ensures that a feasible solution exists when an online trajectory planning algorithm is started.
An online trigger method for power descent trajectory planning based on drop point prediction is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a speed threshold A; judging the flight speed of the pneumatic deceleration section in the reentry and return process of the aircraft; when the flying speed is not lower than the speed threshold A, continuing flying according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when the flying speed is lower than the speed threshold A, entering a step two; the pneumatic deceleration section is a preorder flight stage of the power descending section, and the flight speed is the relative landing planetary speed.
Step two, adopting a soft landing trajectory planning equation set to predict the position [ r ] of the landing pointy(tf),rz(tf)](ii) a The soft landing trajectory planning equation set is as follows:
Figure BDA0003037954610000071
s,t.
Figure BDA0003037954610000072
Figure BDA0003037954610000073
Figure BDA0003037954610000074
r(t0)=r0,v(t0)=v0,m(t0)=m0
rx(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[Tx(tf)≠0 0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
wherein, | is the module of solving vector q;
r (t) is a position vector that changes with time during landing;
Figure BDA0003037954610000075
is to derive r (t);
v (t) is a velocity vector;
g=[-g0,0,0]is a constant gravity acceleration vector; wherein, g0The gravity acceleration of the earth surface is obtained;
t (t) is rocket engine thrust vector;
m (t) is mass;
Srefis the effective cross-sectional area of the landing aircraft;
CDis the aerodynamic drag coefficient;
ρ is the atmospheric density;
α=1/(Ispg0),Ispspecific impulse for an aircraft rocket engine;
r0predicting an initial time position vector for the landing aircraft;
v0predicting an initial moment velocity vector for the landing aircraft;
m0predicting initial moment quality for a landing aircraft;
t0predicting an initial moment;
tfpredicting the terminal time;
rx(tf) Is the landing terminal altitude;
Tx(tf) The magnitude of the thrust;
mdryis the structural mass of the rocket;
Tminas a rocketMinimum thrust of the engine;
Tmaxthe maximum thrust of the rocket engine;
calculating the terminal horizontal position of the soft landing trajectory planning equation set, namely the landing point position [ ry(tf),rz(tf)]。
Step three, calculating a flight path predicted value S in real time according to the predicted landing point positionpredictedAnd voyage expected value Sdesired(ii) a Voyage predicted value SpredictedThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Spredicted=||[ry(t0)-ry(tf),rz(t0)-rz(tf)]T||
in the formula, ry(t0) Predicting the horizontal position of the y direction at the initial moment;
rz(t0) Predicting the horizontal position of the z direction at the initial moment;
voyage expected value SdesiredThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Sdesired=||[ry(t0),rz(t0)]T||。
step four, predicting the voyage value SpredictedAnd voyage expected value SdesiredComparing, and obtaining the predicted value S of the voyagepredictedLess than desired range value SdesiredWhen the aircraft flies continuously according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when voyage predicted value SpredictedGreater than or equal to range expected value SdesiredTriggering the online track planning of power reduction, and entering a fifth step;
step five, establishing an online track planning model, and solving a thrust vector instruction T of the planned engine according to the online track planning model*(t) post-planning nominal trajectory position r*(t) and the post-planning velocity vector v*And (t), completing the online planning. The online track planning model is as follows:
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2
in the formula, tplanTime for starting flying according to the planning instruction after the track planning is finished;
tplan-t0consuming time for planning algorithms
v(tplan) The flight speed after the planning for recursion is completed;
r(tplan) A position vector after the recursive planning is completed;
r(t0) The position when the online planning is triggered;
v(t0) Speed when triggering on-line planning;
a(t0) An acceleration vector when online planning is triggered;
with tplan、r(tplan)、v(tplan) And performing online track planning calculation as initial state input of the online track planning.
The online track planning calculation method comprises the following steps:
establishing a fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation system calculated by on-line trajectory planning:
Figure BDA0003037954610000091
s,t.
Figure BDA0003037954610000092
Figure BDA0003037954610000093
Figure BDA0003037954610000094
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2,
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0),m(tplan)=m0
r(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[0 Ty(tf)≠0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
|||T(ti+1)||-||T(ti)|||≤ΔTmax
Figure BDA0003037954610000095
||[rx(t),rz(t)]T||cotθgs≤ry(t),θgs∈[0,90°)
in the formula, r (t)f) Planning the position of an equation for the three-dimensional vector of the landing terminal position and the fixed-point landing track;
ti+1and tiTwo adjacent time points are taken in the calculation process;
ΔTmaxthe maximum value allowed by the thrust change between two beats;
Figure BDA0003037954610000096
is a unit vector [100 ] of the plumb direction];
θT,maxIs an angle constraint between the thrust direction and the plumb line;
θgsthe included angle between a connecting line between the rocket and the landing point and the horizon is restrained;
solving the optimal solution T of the fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation set calculated by the online track planning*(t)、r*(t)、v*(t); wherein, T*(t) a planned engine thrust vector command; r is*(t) nominal trajectory position after planning; v. of*And (t) is a planned velocity vector.
The online trigger condition judgment of the power descent section at the beginning of the pneumatic deceleration section is selected, and the flight maneuver capacity of the power descent section of the aircraft is judged in real time through the drop point prediction in the flight process, so that the failure risk of power descent trajectory planning can be effectively reduced; the selection and implementation of a drop point prediction algorithm and a power descent trajectory planning algorithm can be realized through the adjustment of terminal position constraint, and the use is convenient; the influence of the time consumed by planning calculation is fully considered when the power descent trajectory planning is triggered, the influence of the time consumed by the trajectory planning on the planning result can be eliminated through a motion state recursion strategy, and the precision of the real-time trajectory planning is improved; the reliability of the power-down online trajectory planning is improved.
The method provided by the invention comprises the steps of selecting a pneumatic deceleration section returned in reentry to judge the flight speed, adopting a soft landing guidance algorithm to predict the landing point if the flight speed is lower than a set speed threshold, not triggering power descent trajectory planning if the predicted value of the landing point course is smaller than the expected value of the current course to the landing target, triggering power descent on-line trajectory planning if the predicted value of the landing point course is larger than the expected value of the current course to the landing target, and being applied to planetary landing tasks such as rocket return sublevels and Mars landers adopting a pneumatic deceleration plus power descent landing mode.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.

Claims (6)

1. A power descent trajectory planning online triggering method based on drop point prediction is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a speed threshold A; judging the flight speed of the pneumatic deceleration section in the reentry and return process of the aircraft; when the flying speed is not lower than the speed threshold A, continuing flying according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when the flying speed is lower than the speed threshold A, entering a step two;
step two, adopting a soft landing trajectory planning equation set to predict the position [ r ] of the landing pointy(tf),rz(tf)];
Step three, calculating a flight path predicted value S in real time according to the predicted landing point positionpredictedAnd voyage expected value Sdesired
Step four, predicting the voyage value SpredictedAnd voyage expected value SdesiredComparing, and obtaining the predicted value S of the voyagepredictedLess than desired range value SdesiredWhen the aircraft flies continuously according to the pneumatic deceleration section; when voyage predicted value SpredictedGreater than or equal to range expected value SdesiredTriggering the online track planning of power reduction, and entering a fifth step;
step five, establishing an online track planning model, and solving a thrust vector instruction T of the planned engine according to the online track planning model*(t) post-planning nominal trajectory position r*(t) and the post-planning velocity vector v*And (t), completing the online planning.
2. The power-down trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction is characterized in that: in the first step, the pneumatic deceleration section is a preorder flight stage of the power descent section, and the flight speed is a relative landing planetary speed.
3. The power-down trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction is characterized in that: in the second step, the soft landing trajectory planning equation set is as follows:
Figure FDA0003037954600000024
s,t.
Figure FDA0003037954600000021
Figure FDA0003037954600000022
Figure FDA0003037954600000023
r(t0)=r0,v(t0)=v0,m(t0)=m0
rx(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[Tx(tf)≠0 0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
in the formula, | | is a module for solving a vector;
r (t) is a position vector that changes with time during landing;
Figure FDA0003037954600000025
is to derive r (t);
v (t) is a velocity vector;
g=[-g0,0,0]is a constant gravity acceleration vector; wherein, g0The gravity acceleration of the earth surface is obtained;
t (t) is rocket engine thrust vector;
m (t) is mass;
Srefeffective cross-section for landing aircraftAccumulating;
CDis the aerodynamic drag coefficient;
ρ is the atmospheric density;
α=1/(Ispg0),Ispspecific impulse for an aircraft rocket engine;
r0predicting an initial time position vector for the landing aircraft;
v0predicting an initial moment velocity vector for the landing aircraft;
m0predicting initial moment quality for a landing aircraft;
t0predicting an initial moment;
tfpredicting the terminal time;
rx(tf) Is the landing terminal altitude;
Tx(tf) The magnitude of the thrust;
mdryis the structural mass of the rocket;
Tminis the minimum thrust of the rocket engine;
Tmaxthe maximum thrust of the rocket engine;
calculating the terminal horizontal position of the soft landing trajectory planning equation set, namely the landing point position [ ry(tf),rz(tf)]。
4. The power-down trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction is characterized in that: in the third step, the predicted value S of voyagepredictedThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Spredicted=||[ry(t0)-ry(tf),rz(t0)-rz(tf)]T||
in the formula, ry(t0) Predicting the horizontal position of the y direction at the initial moment;
rz(t0) Predicting the horizontal position of the z direction at the initial moment;
voyage expected value SdesiredThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Sdesired=||[ry(t0),rz(t0)]T||。
5. the power-down trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction is characterized in that: in the fifth step, the online trajectory planning model is as follows:
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2
in the formula, tplanTime for starting flying according to the planning instruction after the track planning is finished;
tplan-t0consuming time for planning algorithms
v(tplan) The flight speed after the planning for recursion is completed;
r(tplan) A position vector after the recursive planning is completed;
r(t0) The position when the online planning is triggered;
v(t0) Speed when triggering on-line planning;
a(t0) An acceleration vector when online planning is triggered;
with tplan、r(tplan)、v(tplan) And performing online track planning calculation as initial state input of the online track planning.
6. The power-down trajectory planning online triggering method based on the drop point prediction is characterized in that: the online track planning calculation method comprises the following steps:
establishing a fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation system calculated by on-line trajectory planning:
Figure FDA0003037954600000041
s,t.
Figure FDA0003037954600000042
Figure FDA0003037954600000043
Figure FDA0003037954600000044
r(tplan)=r(t0)+v(t0)·(tplan-t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0)2/2,
v(tplan)=v(t0)+a(t0)·(tplan-t0),m(tplan)=m0
r(tf)=0,v(tf)=0
T(tf)=[0 Ty(tf)≠0 0]
0<mdry≤m(tf)
0<Tmin≤||T(t)||≤Tmax
|||T(ti+1)||-||T(ti)|||≤ΔTmax
Figure FDA0003037954600000045
||[rx(t),rz(t)]T||cotθgs≤ry(t),θgs∈[0,90°)
in the formula, r (t)f) Planning the position of an equation for the three-dimensional vector of the landing terminal position and the fixed-point landing track;
ti+1and tiTwo adjacent time points are taken in the calculation process;
ΔTmaxthe maximum value allowed by the thrust change between two beats;
Figure FDA0003037954600000046
is a unit vector [100 ] of the plumb direction];
θT,maxIs an angle constraint between the thrust direction and the plumb line;
θgsthe included angle between a connecting line between the rocket and the landing point and the horizon is restrained;
solving the optimal solution T of the fixed point landing fuel optimal nonlinear equation set calculated by the online track planning*(t)、r*(t)、v*(t); wherein, T*(t) a planned engine thrust vector command; r is*(t) nominal trajectory position after planning; v. of*And (t) is a planned velocity vector.
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