CN113176333B - Quality detection method for processing fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Quality detection method for processing fiber reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a quality detection method for processing a fiber reinforced composite material, relates to the technical field of machining, and can improve the quality detection effect of the fiber reinforced composite material. The invention includes: trimming and processing the fiber reinforced composite material to obtain standard samples with different degrees of processed surface layering; obtaining the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample through SAM detection; carrying out mechanical property test on the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample to obtain a test result, and comparing the test result with the mechanical property of a non-layering sample to obtain the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the layering defect; and obtaining a quality detection result according to the delamination damage size of each delamination in the standard sample and the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the delamination defect, and sending and displaying the quality detection result to a personnel terminal. The invention is suitable for processing fiber reinforced composite materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, belongs to improvement of a machining process of a fiber reinforced composite material, and particularly relates to a quality detection method for machining the fiber reinforced composite material.
Background
In the machining process of different hard materials, the surface quality performance shows great difference due to the influence of the anisotropic change rule of force and heat in the cutting process. For example, the surface quality of the fiber reinforced composite material shows completely different anisotropy from that of a metal material, and is mainly characterized in that the surface quality is difficult to ensure and surface defects are easy to generate, so that the fiber reinforced composite material has the characteristic of difficult cutting processing.
In particular, the fiber-reinforced composite material processing damage and the metal processing damage are different in form and distribution, and also have damages such as fiber extraction, tearing, delamination and the like peculiar to the composite material, and therefore, the surface quality detection method in the manufacturing process of most metal parts cannot be used.
However, at present, for the detection of the surface quality of the composite material, the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the two-dimensional profile suitable for metal delamination is still used for detection in most cases, and researchers find in practice that Ra cannot sufficiently represent the surface quality of the composite material due to the fact that the composite material has different characteristics from the anisotropy of the metal material.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality detection method for processing a fiber reinforced composite material, which can improve the quality detection effect of the fiber reinforced composite material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
carrying out edge cutting processing on the fiber reinforced composite material to obtain standard samples with different degrees of processing surface layering; detecting by an ultrasonic scanning microscope (SAM) to obtain the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample; carrying out mechanical property test on the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample to obtain a test result, and comparing the test result with the mechanical property of a non-layering sample to obtain the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the layering defect; and obtaining a quality detection result according to the delamination damage size of each delamination in the standard sample and the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the delamination defect, and sending and displaying the quality detection result to a personnel terminal.
The obtaining of the delamination damage of each delamination comprises:
and acquiring the edge delamination damage of the surface layer, the edge delamination damage of the middle layer and the internal delamination damage of the material.
The method for obtaining the delamination damage of the surface layer edge comprises the following steps:
by passing
Obtaining the delamination damage of the surface layer edge, wherein alpha s1 Is a surface layer edge delamination damage influence factor, A is a delamination damage area at different positions,
is the i-th layer edge delamination damage area,
the damaged area of the part of the layer in the jth layer, i and j are positive integers, N is the number of the layers of the fiber reinforced composite material laminated plate, A B Is the area of the material layer in the direction of the material layer.
The method for obtaining the interlayer edge delamination damage comprises the following steps:
by passing
Obtaining said interlayer edge delamination damage, wherein s2 Is the middle layer edge delamination damage influencing factor.
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a layered lesion inside a material, wherein the layered lesion comprises:
by passing
Obtaining a delamination damage within said material, wherein s3 The material is internally layered with a damage influencing factor.
The determining of the degradation degree of the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite workpiece comprises the following steps:
determining damage influence factors of the layered damage of each layer, and acquiring the degradation degree of the mechanical property through the damage influence factors of the layered damage of each layer, wherein:
the degradation degree of the mechanical property is quantitatively expressed by a quality evaluation factor k, and k = a alpha s1 +bα s2 +cα s3 Wherein, a is the weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the surface layer, b is the weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the middle layer, and c is the layered damage of the material insideThe weighting factor of (2).
The embodiment provides a quality detection method for processing a fiber reinforced composite material, which is characterized in that a statistical analysis method is applied to explore the relation between the layering damage of a multi-dimensional fiber reinforced composite material and the mechanical property of the material on the basis of the mathematical principle of mathematics, and finally, the quality detection of the processing of the fiber reinforced composite material based on the mechanical property of the material can judge whether the mechanical property of a sample piece meets the standard requirement without performing destructive test (mechanical property test). Thereby providing effective supplement for the existing processing technology of the fiber reinforced composite material. The quality detection method for processing the fiber reinforced composite material in the embodiment can be applied to links with quality detection requirements, such as preliminary processing, intermediate piece processing, finished product processing and the like of the fiber reinforced composite material, so that the processing efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a design concept provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of layered damage detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality detection method for processing a fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing edge cutting processing on the fiber reinforced composite material to obtain standard samples with different degrees of processing surface layering.
The samples of the same batch obtained by the edge cutting processing can be divided into a plurality of groups of samples according to the number of layers of the surface layering defects, some sample groups have more layers, and some sample groups have less layers, which is determined according to specific experimental conditions. Specifically, firstly, a fiber reinforced composite material nondestructive sample is prepared, and numerical control milling, grinding wheel machining, numerical control milling and grinding are respectively carried out under different parameters. The machined surfaces at different machining processes and parameter levels are obtained, and the damage degrees of the machined surfaces at different machining processes and parameter levels are naturally different.
And S2, detecting through an ultrasonic scanning microscope (SAM) to obtain the delamination damage size of each delamination in the standard sample.
Aiming at the obtained processing surface, designing a sampling mode, a sampling area and a sampling interval according to different layering types of the composite material; adopting a KSI V400E ultrasonic scanning microscope (SAM) to acquire three-dimensional information of the layered damage, including a layered position, a layered width and a layered depth; as shown in FIG. 2, the quantitative characterization of the quality of the machined surface of the composite material structure is completed for different characteristic delamination damages. Specifically, the standard sample may be placed on a test bed, or placed in a dedicated test liquid (the test liquid is ultrapure water) for detection.
And S3, testing the mechanical property of each layered damage size in the standard sample to obtain a test result, and comparing the test result with the mechanical property of a non-layered sample to obtain the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the layered defect.
And 2, accurately distinguishing samples with the layering defects through S2, wherein samples without the layering defects also exist in the samples of the same batch. Samples without delamination defects were used for comparative analysis in section three.
And S4, obtaining a quality detection result according to the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample and the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the layering defect, and sending and displaying the quality detection result to a personnel terminal.
The quality detection result includes the relation between the delamination damage size and the mechanical property degradation degree, and can be generally quantified as a quality evaluation factor. In particular, in practical application, the fiber reinforced composite material is subjected to edge cutting processing to obtain standard samples with different degrees of processing surface layering. The sample is placed in an ultrasonic scanning microscope (SAM) for detection, and the delamination damage size of each delamination in the sample is obtained. And (3) carrying out mechanical property test on the standard sample with the layering defect, and determining the mechanical property degradation degree of each layered sample according to the mechanical property of the non-layered sample. Such as tensile strength, extrusion test and other mechanical property tests, and can also be used for testing the mechanical property of a test sample without the delamination defect. In the standard samples obtained by the first step, the mechanical properties of the standard sample with the layered damage and the standard sample without the layered damage can be quantified through a mechanical property test, so that the mechanical properties of the standard sample with the layered damage and the standard sample without the layered damage can be quantified and compared. And then further establishing a relation between the size of the layered damage and the degradation degree of the mechanical property, wherein the relation can be expressed as a quality evaluation factor.
In practical production application, reasonable and effective detection of the quality of the processed surface of the fiber reinforced composite material is an important guarantee for the economical efficiency and reliability of the composite material member.
Among the delamination defects, the delamination defect refers to the interlayer bonding failure occurring in the material during the processing of the carbon fiber reinforced composite unidirectional laminate, and is recognized as a defect having a fatal influence on the material performance. The delamination damage of the material mainly comprises two types, namely internal delamination formed by bubbles or other defects in the preparation process of material layering, and processing edge delamination caused by mechanical processing. The machining edge delamination caused by the machining can be divided into an upper surface layer peeling delamination and a lower surface layer peeling delamination and a middle layer machining delamination. Different forms of delamination damage have obvious influence on the mechanical property of the material. At present, no effective detection method is provided for different forms of delamination damage which is easy to appear in the fiber reinforced composite material, and the comprehensive influence of various forms of delamination defects on the processing quality is not clear.
In addition, the surface appearance characteristics of the composite material have important influence on the mechanical properties of the composite material, and a comprehensive detection method and a quality prediction model based on multi-dimensional layered damage and mechanical properties are required to be established for analyzing the relation between the surface appearance characteristics and the mechanical properties of the composite material processed by different types of layered damage, so that the method for detecting the surface processing quality of the composite material is very important.
The embodiment is applied to the technical field of machining. By means of an advanced detection instrument, three-dimensional representation and mechanical property test of the quality of a processed surface of a fiber reinforced composite material sample are carried out under different processing modes (numerical control milling, grinding wheel machining and numerical control milling and grinding) and different processing parameters, and on the basis, the relation between the appearance characteristics and the mechanical property of different processed surfaces is analyzed, so that a processing quality evaluation method based on the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced composite material is provided, and a basis is provided for subsequent optimization of a processing technology and effective and reliable evaluation of the processing quality.
Aiming at the singleness and limitation of the existing fiber reinforced composite material processing surface quality evaluation method, the embodiment provides a quality detection method for fiber reinforced composite material processing, which is used for exploring the relationship between the layering damage of a multi-dimensional fiber reinforced composite material and the mechanical property of the material by applying a statistical analysis method on the mathematical principle, and finally realizing the quality detection of the fiber reinforced composite material processing based on the mechanical property of the material. Thereby providing effective supplement for the existing processing technology of the fiber reinforced composite material. The quality detection method for processing the fiber reinforced composite material in the embodiment can be applied to links with quality detection requirements, such as preliminary processing, intermediate piece processing, finished product processing and the like of the fiber reinforced composite material, so that the yield of the processing technology is greatly improved.
In this embodiment, in step S2, the obtaining the delamination damage of each delamination includes: and acquiring the edge delamination damage of the surface layer, the edge delamination damage of the middle layer and the internal delamination damage of the material.
Specifically, the acquiring the delamination damage of the surface layer edge includes:
by passing
Obtaining the delamination damage of the surface layer edge, wherein alpha s1 Is a surface layer edge delamination damage influencing factor, A is different positionThe area of the layered damage is increased,
the damaged area of the ith layer edge delamination,
the damaged area of the part of the layer in the jth layer, i and j are positive integers, N is the number of the layers of the fiber reinforced composite material laminated plate, A B Is the area of the material layer in the direction of the material layer.
The method for obtaining the interlayer edge delamination damage comprises the following steps:
by passing
Obtaining said interlayer edge delamination damage, wherein s2 Is the middle layer edge delamination damage influencing factor.
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a layered lesion inside a material, wherein the layered lesion comprises:
by passing
Obtaining a delamination damage within said material, wherein s3 A damage affecting factor is delaminated inside the material.
In this embodiment, in step S4, the determining the mechanical property degradation degree of the fiber reinforced composite workpiece includes:
determining damage influence factors of the layered damage of each layer, and acquiring the degradation degree of the mechanical property through the damage influence factors of the layered damage of each layer, wherein:
the degradation degree of the mechanical property is quantitatively expressed by a quality assessment factor k, and k = a alpha s1 +bα s2 +cα s3 Wherein a is a weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the surface layer, b is a weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the middle layer, and c is a weighting factor of the inner layered damage of the material. Wherein, the specific numerical values of a, b and c are obtained by regression calculation according to the actual conditions of different materials. For example: one sample can obtain a set of alpha s1 、α s2 、α s3 The calculated value is the corresponding tensile strength degradation index k value, and alpha calculated by aiming at a plurality of groups of samples (samples with different surface damage degrees respectively) is s1 、α s2 、α s3 And performing multiple linear regression on the k value to obtain alpha s1 、α s2 、α s3 The respective coefficient values, i.e. a, b, c.
Taking a sample with a non-damaged surface as a reference, and acquiring the mechanical property degradation degrees of the samples with different surface damage degrees; and judging whether the processing quality of the sample is qualified or not according to the degree of mechanical property degradation. For example, the determining the processing quality of the fiber reinforced composite material workpiece according to the mechanical property degradation degree comprises the following steps: taking the surface damage-free sample as a reference, and acquiring the mechanical property degradation degrees of the sample with different surface damage degrees; and comparing the obtained mechanical property degradation degree of each sample with a standard value, judging that the quality is poor if the mechanical property degradation amplitude exceeds the standard value. For example: the mechanical property degradation degree of the sample with different surface damage degrees is calculated by taking the mechanical property of the sample without surface damage (a fiber reinforced composite material machined part) as a reference, a standard value can be set, for example, 10 percent, namely, the mechanical property is reduced by more than 10 percent to indicate that the quality is poor, the mechanical property is reduced by less than 10 percent to calculate that the quality is good, and the mechanical property degradation degree can be set according to the requirement.
The method comprises the steps of analyzing multidimensional hierarchical damage as an individual in the whole quality evaluation system one by calculating damage influence factors, determining the weight factor of the multidimensional hierarchical damage in the evaluation system according to the influence degree of the multidimensional hierarchical damage on the mechanical property degradation of the fiber reinforced composite, then providing a method for evaluating the hierarchical damage based on the fiber reinforced composite through multivariate statistical analysis, and finally establishing the method for evaluating the processing quality of the fiber reinforced composite based on the multidimensional hierarchical damage (position, width and depth).
And (4) carrying out statistical analysis on the test data, determining different forms of layered damage weight factors, and realizing the processing quality evaluation of the fiber reinforced composite material based on the mechanical property of the material. For example, matlab software can be used to perform regression analysis on the test data of the quality evaluation factor and the delamination damage factor to obtain the weight factors of the three delamination damages, thereby completing the processing quality evaluation of the fiber reinforced composite material.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and several modifications may be made according to specific application scenarios, for example: other material damage forms including tears, fiber breakouts, and process quality assessment influencing factors are included; or bringing the shear strength, fatigue strength and the like into the category of mechanical property evaluation.
And (3) testing the mechanical properties of the tensile strength of the material under different processing parameters and processing technologies, wherein the test standard is ASTM D3039. In order to evaluate the influence degree of the multidimension on the mechanical property degradation of the fiber reinforced composite material, the mechanical property degradation index k of the samples under various layered damages is calculated by taking the samples without layered damages as a reference according to the mechanical property test result of the material, so as to analyze the influence rule of the surface topography characteristics of the material under different processing parameters on the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material and define the mechanical property degradation index
Wherein S is B The tensile strength of a workpiece can not be damaged by the fiber reinforced composite material; s D The tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material sample with the delamination damage; the strength units are all MPa. For example: according to ASTM D3039 test standard, tensile strength mechanical property test is carried out, the influence degree of multi-dimensional layered damage on the mechanical property degradation of the fiber reinforced composite material is evaluated, and the mechanical property degradation index k is defined as shown in formula (1).
In the formula S B The tensile strength of the sample piece is not damaged by the fiber reinforced composite material; s D The tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material sample with the delamination damage; the strength units are all in MPa.
Taking a sample without delamination damage as a reference,calculating the delamination damage factor alpha according to the mechanical property test result of the material s Therefore, the influence degree and the influence rule of the multidimensional layering damage on the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material under different processing parameters are analyzed.
Defining a surface layer edge delamination damage impact factor alpha s1 As shown in formula (2):
defining an intermediate layer edge delamination damage impact factor alpha s2 As shown in formula (3):
defining a material internal delamination damage impact factor alpha s3 As shown in formula (4):
in the formula, A is the layered damage area at different positions;
the i-th layer edge delamination damage area is obtained;
is the damaged area of the part layer in the jth layer. N is the number of layers of the fiber reinforced composite material laminated plate; a. The B Is the area of the material layer in the direction of the material layer.
Further according to the formula
k＝aα s1 +bα s2 +cα s3 (1)
Quality assessment factor k and stratification impairment factor alpha using Matlab software s1 ，α s2 ，α s3 Carrying out regression analysis on the test data to obtain the values of the weight factors a, b and c of the three hierarchical damages, and finishing the addition of the fiber reinforced composite materialAnd (5) evaluating the working medium quantity.
In the embodiment, by means of an advanced detection instrument, multi-dimensional layered damage characterization and mechanical property test of a sample piece are performed on fiber reinforced composite material samples under different processing modes (numerical control milling, grinding wheel machining or numerical control milling and grinding) and different processing parameters, on the basis, the relation between the layered damage and the mechanical property of different characteristics is analyzed, a comprehensive evaluation method and a quality prediction model based on the multi-dimensional layered damage and the mechanical property are provided and established, and a basis is provided for reasonably and effectively optimizing a processing process and effectively and reliably evaluating the processing quality. Compared with the conventional two-dimensional surface quality evaluation method which can only be adopted for evaluating the processing quality of the composite material, the method has a distinctive characteristic in the aspect of effective reliability of the processing quality evaluation.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the apparatus embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A quality detection method for processing fiber reinforced composite materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing edge cutting processing on the fiber reinforced composite material to obtain standard samples with different degrees of processing surface layering;
s2, detecting through an ultrasonic scanning microscope (SAM) to obtain the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample;
s3, testing the mechanical property of each layered damage size in the standard sample to obtain a test result, and comparing the test result with the mechanical property of a non-layered sample to obtain the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with a layered defect;
s4, obtaining a quality detection result according to the layering damage size of each layer in the standard sample and the mechanical property degradation degree of the standard sample with the layering defect, and sending and displaying the quality detection result to a personnel terminal;
in the S2, the method includes: obtaining the edge delamination damage of the surface layer, the edge delamination damage of the middle layer and the internal delamination damage of the material;
the method for obtaining the delamination damage of the surface layer edge comprises the following steps: by passing
Obtaining the delamination damage of the surface layer edge, wherein alpha s1 Is a surface layer edge delamination damage influence factor, A is a delamination damage area at different positions,
the damaged area of the ith layer edge delamination,
the damage area of the inner part of the jth layer, i and j are positive integers, N is the number of the fiber reinforced composite material laminated plate, A B The area in the material layering direction;
the method for obtaining the interlayer edge delamination damage comprises the following steps: by passing
Obtaining said interlayer edge delamination damage, wherein s2 The middle layer edge delamination damage influence factor;
the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a layered lesion inside a material, wherein the layered lesion comprises: by passing
Obtaining the inner part of the materialLayer damage of which alpha s3 Layering damage influencing factors for the interior of the material;
in the S3, the method includes: determining damage influence factors of layered damage of each layer, and acquiring the degradation degree of the mechanical property through the damage influence factors of the layered damage of each layer, wherein: the degradation degree of the mechanical property is quantitatively expressed by a quality evaluation factor k, and k = a alpha s1 +bα s2 +cα s3 Wherein, in the step (A),
a is a weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the surface layer, b is a weighting factor of the edge layered damage of the middle layer, and c is a weighting factor of the inner layered damage of the material;
further comprising: taking a sample with a non-damaged surface as a reference, and acquiring the mechanical property degradation degrees of the samples with different surface damage degrees; and judging whether the processing quality of the sample is qualified or not according to the degree of mechanical property degradation.
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