CN113176216B - Ozone precursor VOCs high-value area satellite remote sensing identification method - Google Patents

Ozone precursor VOCs high-value area satellite remote sensing identification method Download PDF

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CN113176216B
CN113176216B CN202110039338.8A CN202110039338A CN113176216B CN 113176216 B CN113176216 B CN 113176216B CN 202110039338 A CN202110039338 A CN 202110039338A CN 113176216 B CN113176216 B CN 113176216B
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张玉环
马鹏飞
张建辉
周春艳
王玉
胡奎伟
张连华
赵少华
王中挺
张大为
李巍
杨晓钰
姜腾龙
孙军
姜晟
王甜甜
纪轩禹
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Abstract

The invention discloses a satellite remote sensing identification method for a high-value area of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) of an ozone precursor; monitoring gaseous pollutant results (HCHO and NO) by satellite remote sensing2) Showing the spatial distribution trend of the ozone precursor, and simultaneously using the ratio of the two as the indication value (HCHO/NO) of the ozone precursor2) The method is used for displaying that the generation of ozone is mainly controlled by which precursor, and in the area controlled by VOCs, the influence of natural factors is removed, high-value areas of artificially discharged VOCs are screened out, dynamic supervision and change evaluation are carried out on the high-value areas, and the high-value discharge source of the VOCs of the ozone precursor is accurately positioned and dynamic monitoring evaluation is carried out.

Description

Ozone precursor VOCs high-value area satellite remote sensing identification method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring and treatment, in particular to a satellite remote sensing identification method for a high-value area of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) of an ozone precursor.
Background
At present, through multiple treatment means such as factory emission reduction, motor vehicle restriction and the like, the pollution phenomenon that China mainly uses North China plain and frequently uses fine particulate matters (PM2.5) as the first pollutants in winter is relieved. However, in summer with ozone (O) in the areas of Zhu-triangle, Chang-triangle and Jingjin Ji3) Photochemical smog, the primary pollutant, is intensified. Mainly composed of Nitrogen Oxides (NO)x) Long-life aerosol such as peroxyacetyl nitrate can be generated in the subsequent reaction of photochemical reaction participated in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and the long-life aerosol has serious harm to human health. Increasingly, ozone pollution on the surface becomes a new problem of air pollution in big cities in China.
The generation of ozone pollution is closely related to meteorological factors such as illumination, air temperature and the like, and mainly occurs in summer and autumn with strong sunlight. Ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) discharged by automobile exhaust and industrial enterprises generate ozone pollutants through a series of complex photochemical reactions under the action of high temperature and strong light radiation. By controlling the ozone precursor, the problem of near-surface ozone caused by artificial sources can be controlled to a certain extent.
However, currently only satellite remote sensing gaseous pollutants (HCHO, NO)2) The inversion technology does not further adopt a method for comprehensively judging which precursor is mainly used for controlling the ozone generation through a satellite remote sensing monitoring result and further adopting targeted emission reduction to control the ozone generation.
For the above reasons, the present inventors have made intensive studies on the existing satellite remote sensing recognition method, and have awaited the design of a new recognition method capable of solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and designs a satellite remote sensing identification method for a high-value area of the VOCs; monitoring gaseous pollutant results (HCHO and NO) by satellite remote sensing2) Showing the spatial distribution trend of the ozone precursor, and simultaneously using the ratio of the two as the indication value (HCHO/NO) of the ozone precursor2) The method is used for showing that the generation of ozone is mainly controlled by which precursor, in the area controlled by VOCs, the influence of natural factors is removed, high-value areas of artificially discharged VOCs are screened out, dynamic supervision and change evaluation are carried out on the high-value areas, the high-value discharge source of the VOCs of the ozone precursor is accurately positioned, and dynamic monitoring evaluation is carried out, so that the method is completed.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a satellite remote sensing identification method for a high-value area of VOCs, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing an area to be monitored into a plurality of areas according to a rule size, wherein each area is a primary remote sensing unit, and recording the geographic coordinates of each primary remote sensing unit;
step 2, resolving the construction land area in each primary remote sensing unit according to the land utilization classification data, and selecting the primary remote sensing units with more construction lands as secondary remote sensing units;
step 3, calling TROPOMI hyperspectral remote sensing data to obtain troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) column concentration and nitrogen dioxide (NO) in nearly one week of each secondary remote sensing unit2) Column concentration;
step 4, calculating the mean value of the concentrations of troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) columns and the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor of each secondary remote sensing unit;
and 5, screening out secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the ozone precursor indicated value smaller than a preset value N, sequencing the screened secondary remote sensing units according to the mean value of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration, and taking the secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration ranked 25% as third-level remote sensing units.
In step 1, the rule size is 3km × 3km, that is, the area to be monitored is divided into a plurality of grids of 3km × 3 km.
Wherein, in step 4, the indicated value of the ozone precursor is obtained by the ratio of the concentration of the troposphere formaldehyde column and the concentration of the troposphere nitrogen dioxide column, namely HCHO/NO2。
In step 5, the value of the preset value N is 5-8, and preferably 8.
Wherein, the method also comprises the following step 6:
taking each week as a period, repeating the steps 1-5, selecting the three-level remote sensing unit corresponding to each period,
preferably, the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs is selected from the three-stage remote sensing unit.
Wherein, the method also comprises the following step 7:
and 7, locking the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs in the step 6, continuously monitoring the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs according to a preset frequency, and recording the change condition of the ozone precursor in the zone.
Wherein, the method also comprises the following steps:
judging the influence factors of the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit according to the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor,
preferably, when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is less than or equal to 2, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 2 and less than or equal to 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs and nitrogen oxides,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by nitrogen oxide;
further preferably, the ozone content is reduced by taking a measure for reducing VOCs in the secondary remote sensing unit with the mean value of the ozone precursor indicated value being less than or equal to 8.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the ozone precursor VOCs high-value area satellite remote sensing identification method provided by the invention, the high-value area of the ozone precursor VOCs in the area to be monitored can be quickly and accurately analyzed and obtained, and then the pollution source in the area can be cleaned in a targeted manner, so that the air quality is improved;
(2) according to the ozone precursor VOCs high-value area satellite remote sensing identification method provided by the invention, continuous real-time tracking can be realized, and dynamic supervision can be realized.
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FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of the whole method for identifying high-value zone satellite remote sensing of ozone precursor VOCs according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary remote sensing unit and a secondary remote sensing unit in an area to be monitored in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of three-level remote sensing units in an area to be monitored in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the concentration of three-level remote sensing units and troposphere formaldehyde columns in an area to be monitored in the embodiment;
fig. 5 shows a high-resolution image map of high-value areas of VOCs in the example.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
According to the method for identifying the high-value zone of the VOCs by the remote sensing of the ozone precursor VOCs, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing an area to be monitored into a plurality of areas according to a rule size, wherein each area is a primary remote sensing unit, and recording the geographic coordinates of each primary remote sensing unit;
step 2, resolving the construction land area in each primary remote sensing unit according to the land utilization classification data, and selecting the primary remote sensing units with more construction lands as secondary remote sensing units;
step 3, calling TROPOMI hyperspectral remote sensing data to obtain troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) column concentration and nitrogen dioxide (NO) in nearly one week of each secondary remote sensing unit2) Column concentration;
step 4, calculating the mean value of the concentrations of troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) columns and the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor of each secondary remote sensing unit;
and 5, screening out secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor being smaller than a preset value N, sequencing the screened secondary remote sensing units according to the mean value of the concentration of the troposphere formaldehyde columns, and taking the secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the concentration of the troposphere formaldehyde columns ranked 25% as a high-value zone of the VOCs of the ozone precursor.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, the rule size is 3km × 3km, and in the specific implementation, the whole region to be monitored is directly divided into regions of the same size (3km × 3km) according to the rule size. The division of the regular area can also be determined according to the size of the specific monitoring area, and can be 2km × 2km or 1km × 1km, but the spatial resolution of the satellite monitoring result is km level, so the size of the rule is not preferably less than 1 km.
In step 1, a number and longitude and latitude information of a central point are attached to each area so as to facilitate recording and distinguishing.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2, the occupied area of the construction land in each primary remote sensing unit is judged one by one according to the land utilization classification data, and only the area of the construction land is calculated without considering the area conditions of the regions such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water wetland, unused land and the like in the primary remote sensing units, wherein the construction land comprises urban construction land, rural residential sites, other construction land and the like. The land utilization classification data can be selected from 30 m land utilization classification data in China, and can refer to the national standard 'State of land utilization status classification' GB/T21010-plus 2017.
In step 2, when the secondary remote sensing unit is selected, the primary remote sensing units which are divided into grids are superposed on a map which utilizes classified data in soil, the area proportion of the construction land in each primary remote sensing unit is calculated, and only the remote sensing units with the construction land area proportion larger than 30% are left as the secondary remote sensing units.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 3, according to TROPOMI hyperspectral remote sensing data, the difference absorption spectrum algorithm DOAS is used for inversion to obtain troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) column concentration and nitrogen dioxide (NO) of each secondary remote sensing unit2) Column concentration.
Preferably, the differential absorption spectroscopy algorithm DOAS comprises the following steps:
step a, fitting to obtain the effective inclined column concentration of the gas on an observation path;
step b, calculating to obtain an atmospheric quality factor AMF (air Mass factor), and converting the effective concentration of the inclined column into the concentration of the vertical column;
and c, deducting the concentration of the vertical column of the stratosphere gas to obtain the concentration of the vertical column of the troposphere gas.
Specifically, in step a, the effective tilt column concentration on the observation path is calculated by the following formula (one)
Figure BDA0002894446110000061
Wherein R (λ) represents the apparent reflectivity received by the satellite sensor;
Figure BDA0002894446110000062
i (lambda) represents the radiance observed by the satellite at the top of the earth's atmosphere;
μ0cosine representing the zenith angle of the sun;
e (λ) represents the solar irradiance received by the satellite;
σi(lambda) represents the differential absorption cross section of the ith gas molecule,
SCDirepresents the concentration of the i-th gas molecule in the diagonal column,
P3(λ) represents a third order polynomial of wavelength for representing a spectral structure that varies slowly with wavelength due to factors such as multiple scattering and absorption of molecules, misscattering of aerosols, and underlying surface reflection;
the Ring effect participates in calculation as a pseudo-molecular absorption cross section, so that the inversion accuracy of the target gas can be improved, and the calculated pseudo-inclined column concentration is not needed finally. Inclined column concentration SCD of i-th gas moleculeiAnd the third order polynomial of the wavelength is obtained by the least squares method. Assuming that the measurement error is uniformly distributed at each wavelength over the entire absorption spectrum, the least squares method is performed without weighting, i.e. all wavelengths within the spectral range have the same weight.
In step b, the atmospheric quality factor AMF is defined as the ratio of the gas measurement batter column concentration SCD to the vertical column concentration VCD under the satellite nadir observation condition, and can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002894446110000071
the AMF depends on the radiation transmission characteristics of the atmosphere, and has many factors affecting it, including the observed geometric angles (sun zenith angle, satellite zenith angle, and relative azimuth angle of the two), temperature and atmospheric pressure profiles, concentration profile of trace gas, total amount of aerosol, optical characteristics (absorption and scattering) and height of the aerosol, reflectivity, and terrain height of the underlying surface. By utilizing a radiation transmission equation, considering two modes of target trace gas and non-trace gas in the atmosphere under a certain atmospheric condition, satellite simulated radiance of the top of an atmospheric layer is respectively calculated, and the difference between the two modes can be regarded as being caused by the inclined optical thickness of the gas.
Calculating AMF by equation (IV):
Figure BDA0002894446110000081
wherein, AMFλRepresents the atmospheric quality factor of the gas at wavelength λ;
Inogas(λ) represents the simulated radiance of the satellite containing all absorbers except the target gas;
Itotal(λ) represents the simulated satellite radiance including all absorbers;
ln[Inogas(λ)/Itotal(λ)]an optical thickness on an inclined optical path representing the target gas;
τv(λ) represents the optical thickness of the target gas on the vertical optical path, obtained by integration of the a priori target gas profile;
since AMF in said formula (IV) is a function of wavelength; conversion of the total column volume is typically performed using an AMF fitting the midpoint wavelength of the window.
Because the situation that partial cloud exists in the view field of the satellite sensor, the atmospheric quality factor calculation method under the cloud condition comprises the following steps:
AMFtotal＝w·AMFcloud+(1-w)·AMFclear(V)
Wherein, AMFcloudRepresenting the atmospheric quality factor when the field of view is entirely cloud,
AMFclearrepresenting the atmospheric quality factor when the field of view is completely cloudless，
w represents a cloud influence coefficient;
Figure BDA0002894446110000082
wherein, F represents the effective cloud amount in the field of view, and can be replaced by the cloud amount value obtained by OMI cloud algorithm; r is a cloud radiation contribution factor, which is defined as the following formula, wherein cloud cover and the cloud radiation contribution factor can be obtained by a satellite;
Icloudthe simulated satellite radiance representing that the field of view is all cloud absorbers;
Iclearrepresenting the simulated satellite radiance of the absorber when the field of view is completely cloudless;
Figure BDA0002894446110000083
the vertical column concentration can be obtained by the following formula (eight):
Figure BDA0002894446110000091
in step c, the convective layer column concentration is obtained by subtracting the stratospheric vertical column concentration from the whole-layer vertical column concentration. The stratospheric column concentration can be obtained from atmospheric chemical transport mode calculations or corrected using a reference zone method.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the ozone precursor indicator value is obtained by the ratio of the tropospheric formaldehyde column concentration to the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column concentration, i.e. HCHO/NO2。
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of:
judging the influence factors of the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit according to the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor,
preferably, when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is less than or equal to 2, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 2 and less than or equal to 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs and nitrogen oxides,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by nitrogen oxide;
further preferably, the ozone content is reduced by adopting a measure of reducing the emission of VOCs in the secondary remote sensing unit with the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor being less than or equal to 8, so that the aim of reducing the ozone content can be achieved in a targeted manner.
In step 5, the value of the preset value N is 5-8, preferably 8.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the following step 6:
and (3) taking each week as a period, repeating the steps 1-5, and selecting the three-level remote sensing unit corresponding to each period. All the three-stage remote sensing units can be used as VOCs high-value areas, and a certain number of remote sensing units can be selected from the three-stage remote sensing units to be used as VOCs high-value areas according to the area size, the field inspection workload, the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration and the application condition.
Through continuously monitoring the VOCs high-value area, the change rule of the VOCs high-value area in the area to be monitored is obtained, the measures for preventing and treating the atmospheric pollution are implemented in the high-value area, and the effective degree of the implemented measures for preventing and treating can be researched through continuously monitoring the VOCs high-value area.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the following step 7:
and 7, locking the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs in the step 6, continuously monitoring the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs according to a preset frequency, and recording the change condition of the ozone precursor in the zone. Preferably, the high-value region selected in each period is dynamically and continuously monitored for 2-3 weeks, so as to monitor and evaluate the change of the concentration of the VOCs in the high-value region.
Examples
Taking an eastern city as an area to be monitored, dividing an administrative area of the eastern city into 827 regular areas with the length of 3km multiplied by 3km, attaching numbers and longitude and latitude information of a central point to each area, and obtaining 827 primary remote sensing units, wherein the numbers and the longitude and latitude information of the central point are shown in figure 2;
land utilization classification data are called, only the remote sensing units with the construction land area ratio larger than 30% are reserved, namely the secondary remote sensing units, and 499 secondary remote sensing units are obtained as shown in fig. 2.
The method comprises the steps of calling hyperspectral data of one week in 2019 and 2 months in Dongying city from an AIRS database, obtaining troposphere formaldehyde column concentration and nitrogen dioxide column concentration by utilizing DOAS algorithm inversion according to the hyperspectral data, calculating the mean value of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration of each secondary remote sensing unit and the mean value of the indicated value of an ozone precursor, and showing part of data in the following table:
Figure BDA0002894446110000111
wherein, the remote sensing units with the corresponding ozone precursor indicated value mean value less than 8 are screened out from the secondary remote sensing units, and the remote sensing units with the mean value ranking 25% of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration in the remote sensing units are taken as the tertiary remote sensing units, namely the key focus areas as shown in the figures 3 and 4; furthermore, the three-level remote sensing unit is used as a VOCs high-value area for monitoring.
And finally, carrying out emission reduction treatment on the high-value zones of the VOCs, continuously paying attention to obtain the change rules of the ozone precursor indicated value and the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration in each high-value zone of the VOCs, and finding that the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration value of each high-value zone of the VOCs is gradually reduced and the number of the high-value zones of the VOCs is reduced as shown in the graph 5, thereby showing that the emission reduction treatment effect is obvious.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A satellite remote sensing identification method for high-value areas of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) as precursors of ozone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing an area to be monitored into a plurality of areas according to a rule size, wherein each area is a primary remote sensing unit, and recording the geographic coordinates of each primary remote sensing unit;
step 2, resolving the construction land area in each primary remote sensing unit according to the land utilization classification data, and selecting the primary remote sensing units with more construction lands as secondary remote sensing units;
step 3, calling TROPOMI hyperspectral remote sensing data to obtain troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) column concentration and nitrogen dioxide (NO) in nearly one week of each secondary remote sensing unit2) Column concentration;
step 4, calculating the mean value of the concentrations of troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) columns and the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor of each secondary remote sensing unit;
step 5, screening out secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the ozone precursor indicated value smaller than a preset value N, sequencing the screened secondary remote sensing units according to the mean value of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration, and taking the secondary remote sensing units with the mean value of the troposphere formaldehyde column concentration ranked 25% as third-level remote sensing units;
in step 3, according to TROPOMI hyperspectral remote sensing data, the difference absorption spectrum algorithm DOAS is used for inversion to obtain the density of troposphere formaldehyde (HCHO) columns and nitrogen dioxide (NO) of each secondary remote sensing unit2) Column concentration;
the differential absorption spectroscopy algorithm DOAS comprises the following steps:
step a, fitting to obtain the effective inclined column concentration of the gas on an observation path;
step b, calculating to obtain an atmospheric quality factor AMF, and converting the effective inclined column concentration into a vertical column concentration;
c, deducting the concentration of the vertical column of the stratosphere gas to obtain the concentration of the vertical column of the troposphere gas;
in step 4, the indicated value of the ozone precursor is determined by the ratio of the concentration of the tropospheric formaldehyde column to the concentration of the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columnValue acquisition, i.e. HCHO/NO2。
2. The method for satellite remote sensing identification of high-value areas of VOCs as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in step 1, the rule size is 3km × 3km, that is, the area to be monitored is divided into a plurality of grids of 3km × 3 km.
3. The method for satellite remote sensing identification of high-value areas of VOCs as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the step 5, the value of the preset value N is 5-8.
4. The method for satellite remote sensing identification of high-value areas of VOCs as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the method also comprises the following step 6:
taking each week as a period, repeating the steps 1-5, selecting the three-level remote sensing unit corresponding to each period,
and selecting a high-value zone of the VOCs from the three-level remote sensing unit.
5. The method for satellite remote sensing identification of high-value areas of VOCs as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the method also comprises the following step 7:
and 7, locking the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs in the step 6, continuously monitoring the high-value zone of the ozone precursor VOCs according to a preset frequency, and recording the change condition of the ozone precursor in the zone.
6. The method for satellite remote sensing identification of high-value areas of VOCs as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the method also includes the steps of:
judging the influence factors of the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit according to the mean value of the indicated value of the ozone precursor,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is less than or equal to 2, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 2 and less than or equal to 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by VOCs and nitrogen oxides,
when the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors is more than 8, the ozone generation in the secondary remote sensing unit is influenced by nitrogen oxide;
and reducing the ozone content by taking a measure of reducing VOCs in a secondary remote sensing unit with the mean value of the indicated values of the ozone precursors less than or equal to 8.
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