CN113174964A - Frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting subway tunnel and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting subway tunnel and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting a subway tunnel and a construction method thereof belong to the technical field of foundation pit excavation and reinforcement. When the soil body in the foundation pit area is excavated, firstly excavating the soil body outside 50 meters of the subway area, then excavating foundation pit enclosure double-row piles at 20-25 meters of the subway according to specific conditions, supporting the surrounding area of the subway by matching structures such as inner and outer side waist beams, transverse and longitudinal supports and the like, and then excavating the soil body outside the subway tunnel foundation pit enclosure double-row piles and within 50 meters in a layered and partitioned manner. The other excavation working condition is that excavation unloading is directly carried out right above the subway, and the driving of the foundation pit enclosing double-row piles is also carried out, so that the stability of the foundation pit in the excavation process can be ensured, the lateral deformation of a soil body can be limited, and the lateral deformation of the subway tunnel is reduced. The structure of the invention is an integral body, which enables the pile body to work cooperatively, enhances the rigidity of the pile body and reduces uneven settlement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation pit excavation reinforcement, and particularly relates to a frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting a subway tunnel and a construction method thereof.
Background
At present, with the continuous development of economic society of China, the construction of rail transit in China enters a rapid development period, more and more cities are added into subway camp, and if ordinary iron and high-speed rails are used as development windows of the cities, the subway is used for dredging urban traffic, reducing traffic jam and relieving traffic pressure, and the subway is charm.
Along with the rapid development of Chinese infrastructure technology, underground resources are developed and utilized more and more. The development and utilization of underground resources have become a necessary trend in the current background of capital development. Among them, the subway system has become a main component of the urban passenger transport system due to its many advantages and is inseparable, which greatly facilitates people's life and travel. Subway lines are more and more opened, subway networks are more and more dense, with the increasing perfection of subway traffic systems, the development of urban underground space is more and more common, buildings along the subway lines are also aroused, and meanwhile, many problems also occur. The problem of carrying out foundation pit construction near the existing subway is increasingly highlighted, and a large number of deep foundation pit projects close to subway tunnels appear. In the excavation process of the deep foundation pit, due to excavation and unloading of earthwork, a stress field and a displacement field of a surrounding soil body are changed, and the structural safety and normal operation of the subway tunnel are directly influenced.
At present, red lines are protected for subways within a range of 50 meters around the subways, modern urban land resources are increasingly tense, urban population density is high, traffic is congested, and how to effectively utilize precious land resources around subway tunnels on the premise of not damaging the subways becomes an important scientific problem. With the improvement of the infrastructure capacity and equipment of China, the land resources around the subway can be utilized to a certain extent in partial areas. However, the subway is used as a major urban public infrastructure, the design service life is long, and the existing specifications have strict requirements on subway deformation control, so that foundation pit excavation unloading is performed in the surrounding area or right above the subway according to the existing construction experience, and irreparable deformation and damage are often caused to the subway. In addition, the foundation pit deformation control research aiming at controlling the deformation of the subway tunnel in other structural forms is not perfect, the deformation monitoring method for the foundation pit and the subway is single, and the comprehensive and effective real-time monitoring and analysis cannot be carried out, so that the influence of the excavation of the foundation pit on the subway tunnel cannot be comprehensively analyzed and mastered, and the risk coefficient of construction is large.
Through scientific investigation and analysis, the method clearly recognizes that the foundation pit excavation causes numerous subway deformation, and one of important reasons is that the original stress balance of the subway tunnel and the change of the underground water level are damaged by the unloading of the soil excavation. In addition, a large amount of engineering practices and scientific investigations show that when the foundation pit is excavated and unloaded right above the tunnel, the deformation of the subway tunnel is mainly vertical displacement, and the lateral deformation is very small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the safety of a subway tunnel can be influenced due to the change of a vertical field, a displacement field and an underground water level of a surrounding soil body due to the unloading of earth excavation in the excavation process of a deep foundation pit constructed around the existing subway, and provides a frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting the subway tunnel and a construction method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a frame-overhanging pile supporting structure system for protecting subway tunnels comprises a foundation pit enclosure double-row pile, a double-row pile lattice crown beam, an outer side reinforcing waist beam, a double-row pile outer side profile steel foot support, a double-row pile inner side waist beam, a double-row pile inner side foot support, a double-row pile transverse support, a double-row pile longitudinal support, a vertical overhanging pile, a building structure foundation slab, a tunnel inner wall U-shaped steel lining, a pile load, an annular connecting steel lining and a tunnel lining;
the method comprises the following steps of respectively arranging foundation pit enclosure double-row piles in the range of 20-25 m on two sides of a subway tunnel, pouring double-row pile lattice crown beams at the top ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, connecting the double-row pile lattice crown beams on two sides of the subway tunnel through a plurality of double-row pile transverse supports, connecting the double-row pile transverse supports with the double-row pile transverse supports through a plurality of double-row pile longitudinal supports perpendicular to the double-row pile transverse supports, connecting the cross points of the double-row pile transverse supports and the double-row pile longitudinal supports with the upper ends of vertical suspension piles, fixedly connecting the lower ends of the vertical suspension piles with the upper ends of annular connecting steel linings, forming an annular shape at the lower ends of the annular connecting steel linings into an annular shape, fixedly connecting the annular end face at the lower ends of the annular connecting steel linings with the end face of a U-shaped steel lining on the inner wall of the tunnel, horizontally enclosing the outer sides of the double-row piles and arranging outer reinforcing waist beams, and connecting one ends of the double-row pile outer section steel foot supports with the outer reinforcing waist beams, the other end is connected with the ground; the inner sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles are horizontally provided with double-row pile inner side waist beams, one ends of the double-row pile inner side foot supports are connected with the double-row pile inner side waist beams, and the other ends of the double-row pile inner side foot supports are connected with the double-row pile inner side transverse supports; the building structure foundation slab is horizontally arranged above the subway tunnel and is fixedly connected with the vertical suspension piles.
Furthermore, a tunnel lining is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel, and a chemical waterproof cementing material is filled between the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining.
A protection method for a subway tunnel protection area by using the structural system is suitable for excavation adjacent to or right above a subway tunnel which is operated or built but not operated, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: excavating an area outside the range of 50 meters of the subway, and then respectively driving foundation pit enclosure double-row piles within the range of 20-25 meters of the two sides of the subway; or excavating right above the subway, and similarly, arranging foundation pit enclosure double-row piles in the range of 20-25 meters at two sides of the subway;
step two: pouring double-row pile lattice crown beams at the upper ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, connecting the upper ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles into a whole, arranging reserved ends at intervals on the opposite sides of the double-row pile lattice crown beams, and connecting the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles at the two sides of the subway tunnel into a whole through transverse support between the double-row piles; arranging a plurality of outer side reinforcing waist beams of double-row piles at the outer sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, and arranging inner side waist beams of the double-row piles at the inner sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles; a plurality of double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports are arranged at intervals outside the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, one ends of the double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports are fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles or the outer side reinforcing waist beam, and the other ends of the double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports are fixedly connected with the ground; arranging double-row pile inner side corbel supports at the inner sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles at intervals, wherein one ends of the double-row pile inner side corbel supports are fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles or double-row pile inner side waist beams, and the other ends of the double-row pile inner side corbel supports are fixedly connected with the double-row pile transverse supports;
step three: the double-row pile transverse support is connected with the reserved end of the double-row pile lattice crown beam through a plurality of double-row pile longitudinal supports perpendicular to the double-row pile transverse support, the cross point of the double-row pile transverse support and the double-row pile longitudinal supports is connected with the upper end of a vertical suspension pile, the lower end of the vertical suspension pile is fixedly connected with the upper end of an annular connecting steel lining, the lower end of the annular connecting steel lining is annular, the annular end face of the lower end of the annular connecting steel lining is fixedly connected with the end face of a U-shaped steel lining on the inner wall of a tunnel, the vertical suspension pile penetrates through a building structure foundation slab, and the building structure foundation slab is connected with reserved reinforcing steel bars of the foundation pit enclosure double-row pile and then poured together to form a double-layer stable prevention and control structure;
step four: and (4) carrying out layered and block excavation on the soil body in the subway tunnel foundation pit enclosure double-row piles.
Further, in the second step, the outer side reinforcing waist beam is welded with the reserved steel bars of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles after the prestressed anchor cables are connected, or is directly welded with the reserved steel bars of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles.
And further, in the third step, a tunnel lining is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining are filled with a chemical waterproof cementing material.
And further, in the third step, the U-shaped steel lining on the inner wall of the tunnel is installed inside the tunnel lining in sections, the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel is connected with the tunnel lining 18 through a chemical strengthening reagent, and the tunnel lining 18 is fixedly connected with the vertical suspension piles 12 at the connection position of the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel through annular connecting steel linings 17.
And further, in the third step, a plurality of 3D laser scanners are arranged inside the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the inside of the U-shaped steel lining of the inner wall of the tunnel is monitored by applying a high-precision come card ultrahigh-speed 3D laser scanning imaging technology.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the double-row pile lattice crown beam is a reinforced structure positioned above the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, and the double-row pile lattice crown beam can connect a structural body above the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles into a whole, so that the piles work cooperatively, the rigidity of the piles is enhanced, and uneven settlement is reduced;
(2) when the section steel foot supports on the outer sides of the double-row piles are connected with the reinforcing waist beams on the outer sides of the double-row piles, the overall rigidity and the coordinated deformation capacity of the foundation pit supporting structure are increased;
(3) the inner side of the double-row piles is supported by the bull feet and is of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, one end of the double-row piles is fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles, and the other end of the double-row piles is fixedly connected with the transverse supports between the double-row piles, so that the integral rigidity of the reinforced structure is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall working condition of excavation of a foundation pit in a tunnel region;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the prevention and control reinforcement structure right above the tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the arrangement of the prevention and control reinforcing structure right above the tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layered block excavation and a loading back pressure in an area right above a tunnel;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional sectional view of a region right above a tunnel, which is subjected to layered and block excavation and loading back pressure;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the completion of excavation of the soil body directly above the tunnel;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the completion of excavation of the soil body right above the tunnel;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a finished section of a soil body just above a tunnel after excavation;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a U-shaped steel lining and a vertical suspension pile structure on the inner wall of a tunnel;
FIG. 10 is a structural section view of a U-shaped steel lining and a vertical suspension pile on the inner wall of a tunnel;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an AI-3D omni-directional monitoring dynamic real-time feedback system;
1, laterally excavating an area of the subway tunnel; 2-the area directly above the subway tunnel; 3-subway tunnels; 4-enclosing double rows of piles by the foundation pit; 5-double row pile lattice crown beams; 6-reinforcing waist beams outside the double-row piles; 7-forming steel ox-foot supports outside the double-row piles; 8-double row pile inner side waist beam; 9-double-row pile inner side ox-foot support; 10-horizontal support between double rows of piles; 11-longitudinal support between double rows of piles; 12-vertical suspension piles; 13-building structure foundation slab; 14-a U-shaped steel lining on the inner wall of the tunnel; 15-stacking; 16-layered and partitioned excavation; 17-ring-shaped connecting steel lining; 18-tunnel lining.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
The foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 are foundation pit enclosure structures positioned on two sides of a tunnel during early foundation pit excavation construction, or enclosure pile bodies or water stop structures used for enclosing the safety of the foundation pits when only the area right above the subway is excavated;
the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 is a reinforced structure positioned above the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, and the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 can connect structures above the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 into a whole, so that piles work cooperatively, the rigidity of the piles is enhanced, and uneven settlement is reduced;
the reinforced waist beam 6 outside the double-row piles is of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, can be connected with a prestressed anchor cable and can be used independently, and the arrangement number can be increased or decreased reasonably according to the field excavation depth and the soil texture; meanwhile, the size of the device can be properly adjusted and set according to specific engineering conditions;
the profile steel ox-foot supports 7 on the outer sides of the double-row piles are of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, one ends of the profile steel ox-foot supports are fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, and the other ends of the profile steel ox-foot supports are fixedly connected with the ground. The angle, the distance and the like of the profile steel ox-foot supports 7 on the outer sides of the double-row piles can be properly adjusted according to specific engineering conditions; the double-row pile outer side section steel foot supports 7 can also be connected with the double-row pile outer side reinforcing waist beams 6, so that the overall rigidity and the coordinated deformation capacity of the foundation pit supporting structure are improved;
the inner side waist beam 8 of the double-row pile is of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, the arrangement quantity can be increased or decreased reasonably according to the field excavation depth and the soil quality, and the size can be set properly according to the specific engineering condition;
the inner side of the double-row piles is provided with a bull foot support 9 which is of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, one end of the bull foot support is fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, and the other end of the bull foot support is fixedly connected with the transverse support 10 between the double-row piles, so that the integral rigidity of the reinforced structure is improved;
the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 are of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 is connected with the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5, and meanwhile, the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 is fixedly connected with the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 to form a frame structure;
the vertical suspension piles 12 are of a profile steel structure or a concrete structure, the upper ends of the vertical suspension piles are fixedly connected with a frame structure of a transverse support 10 and a longitudinal support 11 between double rows of piles, and the lower ends of the vertical suspension piles are connected with a tunnel lining 18 through a U-shaped steel lining 14 and an annular connecting steel lining 17 on the inner wall of the tunnel; the lower end of the vertical suspension pile 12 is fixedly connected (welded) with an annular connecting steel lining 17, the lower end of the annular connecting steel lining 17 is annular, an annular side wall is welded with the section of a U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel, the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel and a tunnel lining 18 are sleeved and connected inside and outside and are fixed through a chemical reinforcing reagent, the tunnel lining is an integral lining of an undercut tunnel and an assembled lining of a shield tunnel, and the two types of linings are both suitable for the invention.
The U-shaped steel lining 14 and the annular connecting steel lining 17 on the inner wall of the tunnel are of steel structures, wherein the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel is installed inside the tunnel in sections, the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining 18 are connected together through a chemical reinforcing reagent, and the tunnel lining 18 and the vertical suspension piles 12 are fixedly connected at the connecting positions of the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel through the annular connecting steel lining 17;
the building structure foundation slab 13 is of a reinforced concrete structure, the thickness and the steel bar consumption of the building structure foundation slab can be adjusted according to actual engineering, and the building structure foundation slab 13 is fixedly connected with the vertical suspension piles 12.
Example 1:
the excavation and reinforcement method and the monitoring system of the invention are specifically introduced by taking the excavation of a certain foundation pit at two sides of and right above a subway tunnel as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, the excavation is performed gradually for one of the excavation conditions near the subway tunnel, that is, both sides and right above the subway tunnel. When the soil body in the foundation pit area is excavated, firstly, the soil body outside 50 meters of the subway area is excavated, then, foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 are arranged in the 20-25 meters of the subway in advance according to the specific excavation depth and soil property conditions of the foundation pit, and the pile diameter and the pile spacing are selected according to the actual engineering conditions. And then, excavating the soil body outside the subway tunnel foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 and within 50 meters in a layered and partitioned mode. In addition, another excavation working condition is that excavation unloading is directly carried out right above the subway. Under the working condition, the driving of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 is also carried out, so that the stability of the foundation pit in the excavation process can be ensured, and the lateral deformation of a soil body can be limited, thereby reducing the lateral deformation of the subway tunnel 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the arrangement of the control and reinforcement structure is directly above the tunnel. And pouring the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 at the pile end of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 which are arranged for ensuring the stability of the excavated foundation pit in the early stage. This double row pile lattice crown beam 5 adopts high strength reinforced concrete structure, can be as an organic whole with 4 tops of foundation ditch enclosure double row pile, increases the bulk stiffness, and deformation in coordination more avoids appearing inhomogeneous vertical settlement and horizontal migration. The reserved end connected with the double-row pile transverse support 10 is reserved on the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5, and connection with the double-row pile transverse support 10 arranged in the later period is achieved. The size and the lattice spacing of the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 can be adjusted according to the actual engineering requirement. The outer side reinforcing waist beam 6 of the double-row piles is of a profile steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and can be welded with reserved steel bars of foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 after the prestressed anchor cables are connected, and also can be directly welded with reserved steel bars of foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4. The material, the size, the distance and the like of the reinforcing waist beam 6 at the outer side of the double-row piles can be adjusted according to the conditions of the excavation depth of the actual engineering, the parameters of the foundation pit for enclosing the double-row piles 4 and the like. The arrangement of the reinforcing waist beam 6 outside the double-row piles can fix one end of an inclined strut (such as an anchor rod, an anchor cable and the like) for supporting the retaining wall on the waist beam, so that the support of the retaining wall by the inclined strut is changed into a line from one point, and the stability of a supporting structure is improved. The double-row pile outside profile steel ox-foot support 7 is of a profile steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and the size parameters, the inclination angle, the arrangement distance and the like of the double-row pile outside profile steel ox-foot support can be adjusted according to actual engineering requirements. For the engineering with larger excavation depth of the foundation pit, the profile steel ox-foot inclined struts 7 on the outer sides of the double-row piles can effectively prevent the lateral deformation of the supporting structure and enclose the stability of the foundation pit. The key construction procedures of the support type are 'supporting first, then digging, supporting then digging, and layered and segmented digging'. Meanwhile, the later excavation progress is guided by analyzing the deformation monitoring data. The double-row pile inner side waist beam 8 is similar to the double-row pile outer side reinforcing waist beam 6, can be of a profile steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and the size, the distance and the like can be adjusted according to the conditions of the excavation depth of actual engineering, the parameters of the foundation pit for enclosing the double-row piles 4 and the like. The double-row pile inner side waist beam 8 can be connected with the double-row pile inner side ox-foot support 9, and the overall stability of the pile body structure is improved. The two ends of the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 are connected with the reserved steel bars of the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5, so that the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 on the two sides form a whole, the deformation of the cantilever type foundation pit enclosure structure is prevented, and meanwhile, the high anti-pulling performance of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 enables the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 to have high displacement stability, and conditions are provided for later-stage vertical suspension piles 12 to prevent and control tunnel displacement. The size, the distance and the like of the transverse support 10 between the double rows of piles can be adjusted according to the conditions of the excavation depth of the actual engineering, the parameters of the foundation pit for enclosing the double rows of piles 4 and the like. The double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 is connected with the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the vertical suspension pile 12, and due to the existence of the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11, the span of the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 is effectively reduced, so that the overall rigidity of the supporting structure is increased, and conditions are provided for later-stage transverse and longitudinal cooperative stress. The horizontal and vertical supports can be selected to be detachable and easy to install according to the construction progress of actual engineering and the workload of operation, and can also adopt a reinforced concrete structure. The vertical suspension piles 12 are of a profile steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, the upper ends of the vertical suspension piles are connected with a series of deformation prevention and control components which are arranged before early excavation, the lower ends of the vertical suspension piles are connected with a U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of a tunnel by a method for arranging pile bodies, a building structure foundation bottom plate 13 which is arranged after excavation in a later stage in a partitioning mode is embedded in the middle of the vertical suspension piles, the building structure foundation bottom plate 13 is connected with reserved steel bars of foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 and then poured together, and a double-layer stable prevention and control structure is formed.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the figures show the layered and partitioned excavation and the stacking back pressure in the area right above the tunnel. Engineering experience and research show that the single unloading rate is positively correlated with the deformation of the soil body, and the single unloading rate is reduced by adopting a layered and partitioned excavation mode, so that the deformation of the tunnel structure is effectively reduced. However, due to the arrangement of the vertical suspension piles 12 and other prevention and control structures, the stress change is transmitted out through the vertical suspension piles 12 when the tunnel is excavated and unloaded on the soil body. No matter the tunnel generates a floating trend or a sinking trend, the additional stress generated by soil excavation on the subway tunnel 3 can be transmitted to the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 through the vertical suspension piles 12 and finally transmitted to the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, so that the structural stability of the subway tunnel 3 is maintained.
As shown in fig. 7 to 10, in order to prevent the problems of cracking and leakage of the tunnel lining 18 caused by uneven settlement of the subway tunnel 3 in the shield tunnel or the underground tunnel with poor soil property, a U-shaped steel lining 14 is provided in the tunnel. The U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel can be adjusted in shape according to the specific tunnel form. Wherein the vertical suspension piles 12, the tunnel lining 18 and the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel are connected into a whole through the annular connecting steel lining 17, and the holes between the U-shaped steel lining 14 on the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining 18 are filled with chemical waterproof cementing materials.
As shown in fig. 6, the informatization monitoring is an indispensable important part in the modern construction process, and the informatization monitoring can enable field engineers to specifically and real-timely master the stress state and deformation condition of each structural component in the engineering progress through visual and reliable data, so that the field engineers can find risk sources in time, and personal and property losses are reduced. The invention makes up the defects of singleness, locality, non-intellectualization and the like in the traditional engineering detection, adopts more advanced AI-3D omnibearing real-time three-dimensional monitoring, and more intelligently and accurately feeds back guidance for site construction. After the system normally works, a remote computer can send an instruction to a monitoring station through the internet, the monitoring station receives the instruction and then sequentially monitors the stability of the reference point and the deformation point, the high-precision 3D laser tunnel scanner can accurately monitor the deformation of any point of the subway operation tunnel structure caused by construction in real time, then the monitoring data and the meteorological induction data are transmitted back to a control computer, and a data processing system automatically corrects the monitoring data and judges the quality of the monitoring data. Displaying through an information management platform: massive monitoring data can be uniformly managed and shared, and data can be conveniently, timely and quickly searched, retrieved and used; omission caused by false alarm and false report of monitoring data by managers is avoided; the working efficiency can be improved, the monitoring information can be prompted to be fed back in time, and the monitoring report can be formed quickly. Monitoring items in the construction method mainly comprise monitoring of an out-of-hole structure, monitoring of an in-hole structure and monitoring of a soil body structure, wherein the monitoring of the out-of-hole structure specifically comprises displacement of double-row pile lattice crown beams 5, transverse support 10 among double-row piles, longitudinal support 11 among the double-row piles, stress of vertical suspension piles 12, inclination measurement of double-row piles 4 for enclosure of a foundation pit and prestress of anchor cables of waist beams; the monitoring of the structure in the tunnel specifically comprises the monitoring of the displacement (clearance convergence) of the tunnel lining 18 and the smoothness of the track; the soil body structure monitoring mainly monitors the displacement deformation condition of the soil body in different depth ranges. Specifically, a detailed description is developed for each monitoring item:
monitoring outside the hole:
the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 can master the stability of the whole foundation pit enclosing the double-row piles 4 in the excavation process through the displacement monitoring of the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5, and a real-time displacement curve is drawn through sensors linearly arranged along the double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 to master the comprehensive stability of the foundation pit; the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 directly represent the displacement condition of the vertical suspension pile 12, so that the displacement condition of the deeply buried tunnel 3 is fed back. Meanwhile, the displacement of the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 and the displacement difference of the connected double-row pile lattice crown beam 5 are calculated, and the deformation conditions of the double-row inter-pile transverse support 10 and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal support 11 are calculated, so that the error in the monitoring result of the subway tunnel 3 can be corrected. The stress state of the vertical suspension piles 12 in the working process can be measured by a suspension pile stress sensor, and the excavation progress in different areas in the construction process is guided by analyzing the stress magnitude of different vertical suspension piles 12 in the working process; when excavation of foundation pits at two sides is carried out, due to the time difference of excavation of soil bodies at two sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, deformation of pile bodies of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 in various uncertain forms can be caused, so that multi-point inclination measurement monitoring is adopted for the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4, and normal, stable and safe operation of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 is guaranteed; the waist beam is an important structure which enables the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles 4 to form integral coordinated work, and is connected with the prestressed anchor cable, so that the effective work of the prestressed anchor cable is ensured, and the prestress loss of the prestressed anchor cable caused by soil stress redistribution in the excavation process is prevented.
Monitoring in the hole:
the tunnel in-tunnel monitoring mainly comprises a subway tunnel in-tunnel lining displacement monitoring point, a subway tunnel track displacement monitoring point and a Lycra ultra-high-speed 3D laser scanning imaging technology, and in-tunnel data monitoring directly reflects the working state and the deformation state of the subway tunnel. The tunnel lining displacement monitoring mainly monitors the tunnel lining clearance convergence and lining displacement deformation conditions, and as the partitioned block excavation is carried out right above the subway, the non-isochronous excavation inevitably causes the uneven stress of the tunnel lining, thereby generating transverse or longitudinal cracks. Arranging a high-precision Leica total station system at multiple points, forming lines by the points, and forming planes by the lines; the smoothness of the subway tunnel track is the most concerned in the running of the train, and not only is the riding comfort experience of passengers, but also the safe running of the train. The displacement monitoring department of the tunnel track directly monitors the rail and can also acquire displacement data by monitoring the sleeper; and similarly, a high-precision come card ultrahigh-speed 3D laser scanning imaging technology is adopted, and a 3D laser scanner is adopted to scan a high-definition three-dimensional image of the tunnel in the excavation section area when the urban train stops operating at night, so that an engineer can visually and vividly master the influence degree of the whole excavation process on the tunnel.
Claims (7)
1. A frame-suspension pile supporting structure system for protecting subway tunnels is characterized in that: the structure comprises foundation pit enclosing double-row piles (4), double-row pile lattice crown beams (5), an outer reinforcing waist beam (6), double-row pile outer profile steel foot supports (7), double-row pile inner side waist beams (8), double-row pile inner side foot supports (9), double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10), double-row inter-pile longitudinal supports (11), vertical suspension piles (12), a building structure foundation bottom plate (13), a tunnel inner wall U-shaped steel lining (14), a stacking load (15), an annular connecting steel lining (17) and a tunnel lining (18);
the method comprises the steps that foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) are arranged at the positions of 20-25 meters on two sides of a subway tunnel (3) respectively, the top ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) are poured with double-row pile lattice crown beams (5), the double-row pile lattice crown beams (5) on two sides of the subway tunnel (3) are connected through a plurality of double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10), the plurality of double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10) are connected through a plurality of double-row inter-pile longitudinal supports (11) perpendicular to the double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10), the intersection point of the double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10) and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal supports (11) is connected with the upper end of a vertical suspension pile (12), the lower end of the vertical suspension pile (12) is fixedly connected with the upper end of an annular connection steel lining (17), the lower end of the annular connection steel lining (17) is annular, and the annular end face of the lower end face of the annular, a plurality of outer side reinforcing waist beams (6) are horizontally arranged on the outer sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4), one end of the double-row pile outer side section steel foot support (7) is connected with the outer side reinforcing waist beams (6), and the other end of the double-row pile outer side section steel foot support is connected with the ground; the inner sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) are horizontally provided with double-row pile inner side waist beams (8), one ends of double-row pile inner side foot supports (9) are connected with the double-row pile inner side waist beams (8), and the other ends of the double-row pile inner side foot supports are connected with double-row pile transverse supports (10); the building structure foundation slab (13) is horizontally arranged above the subway tunnel (3), and the building structure foundation slab (13) is fixedly connected with the vertical suspension piles (12).
2. A frame-spud support structure system for protecting subway tunnels according to claim 1, wherein: and a tunnel lining (18) is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel, and a chemical waterproof cementing material is filled between the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining (18).
3. A protection method for a subway tunnel protection area by using the structural system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: excavating areas outside the range of 50 meters of the subway, and then respectively driving foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) within the range of 20-25 meters of the two sides of the subway; or excavating right above the subway, and digging foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) within the range of 20-25 m on two sides of the subway;
step two: pouring double-row pile lattice crown beams (5) at the upper ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4), connecting the upper ends of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) into a whole, arranging reserved ends at the opposite sides of the double-row pile lattice crown beams (5) at intervals, and connecting the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) at the two sides of the subway tunnel into a whole through double-row inter-pile transverse supports (10); a plurality of outer side reinforcing girts (6) of the double-row piles are arranged on the outer sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4), and inner side girts (8) of the double-row piles are arranged on the inner sides of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles; a plurality of double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports (7) are arranged on the outer side of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) at intervals, one ends of the double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports (7) are fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) or the outer side reinforcing waist beam (6), and the other ends of the double-row pile outer side profile steel foot supports are fixedly connected with the ground; the inner side of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) is provided with double-row pile inner side corbel supports (9) at intervals, one end of each double-row pile inner side corbel support (9) is fixedly connected with the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) or double-row pile inner side waist beams (8), and the other end of each double-row pile inner side corbel support is fixedly connected with a double-row pile transverse support (10);
step three: the two ends of a double-row inter-pile transverse support (10) are connected with the reserved ends of a double-row pile lattice crown beam (5), the double-row inter-pile transverse support (10) is connected with a plurality of double-row inter-pile longitudinal supports (11) vertical to the double-row inter-pile transverse support (10), the intersection point of the double-row inter-pile transverse support (10) and the double-row inter-pile longitudinal supports (11) is connected with the upper end of a vertical suspension pile (12), the lower end of the vertical suspension pile (12) is fixedly connected with the upper end of an annular connecting steel lining (17), the lower end of the annular connecting steel lining (17) is annular, the annular end surface of the lower end of the annular connecting steel lining (17) is fixedly connected with the end surface of a U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of a tunnel, the vertical suspension pile (12) penetrates through a building structure foundation slab (13), and the building structure foundation slab (13) is poured together with reserved steel bars of a foundation pit (4), forming a double-layer stable prevention and control structure;
step four: and (3) carrying out layered and block excavation on the soil body in the subway tunnel foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4).
4. The protection method for the protection area of the subway tunnel by using the structural system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and in the second step, the outer side reinforcing waist beam (6) is welded with the reserved steel bars of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4) after the prestressed anchor cables are connected, or is directly welded with the reserved steel bars of the foundation pit enclosure double-row piles (4).
5. The protection method for the protection area of the subway tunnel by using the structural system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the third step, a tunnel lining (18) is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel, and a chemical waterproof cementing material is filled between the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel and the tunnel lining (18).
6. The protection method for the protection area of the subway tunnel by using the structural system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and in the third step, the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel is installed inside the tunnel lining (18) in a segmented mode.
7. The protection method for the protection area of the subway tunnel by using the structural system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, a plurality of 3D laser scanners are arranged inside the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the inside of the U-shaped steel lining (14) on the inner wall of the tunnel is monitored by applying a 3D laser scanning imaging technology.
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