CN113174536B - Economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for ship and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for ship and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Abstract
The invention discloses an economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for a ship and a manufacturing method thereof. C:0.11 to 0.16 percent; si:0.05 percent to 0.14 percent; mn:1.45 to 1.65 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.002 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.008 percent; and Als:0.02% -0.04%; n:0.003 to 0.015 percent; nb:0.01 to 0.03 percent; ti:0.008 to 0.014 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Can meet the technical requirements of the marine steel plate in severe and harsh marine environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel material preparation, and particularly relates to an economical low-temperature toughness E-level high-strength steel plate for a ship and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The high-strength AH32, DH32, EH32, AH36, DH36 and EH36 steel plate for the ship is one of main materials required by the ship construction, and has large yield and wide application. At present, chemical components of steel plates are basically designed by microalloying in China, and AH32, DH32, EH32, AH36, DH36 and EH36 ship plates of Nb, V and Ti are added on the basis of components of C/Mn steel, but the cost of the high-strength steel plates for ships is always high due to the addition of a plurality of alloy elements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides an economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for ships and a manufacturing method thereof, through reasonable component design and TMCP (thermal mechanical control processing) process combination, the obtained steel plate has high strength and toughness in the whole thickness section, the prepared steel plate has the characteristics of high strength (the yield strength is more than or equal to 355MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 520 MPa), low temperature resistance (the impact work at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 150J), Z-direction performance is more than or equal to 70 percent, the maximum thickness is 50mm, good structural property uniformity, lamellar tearing resistance and the like, the production and manufacturing cost is greatly saved, and the technical requirements of severe and harsh ocean environments on the steel plate for the ships can be met.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for ships is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.11 to 0.16 percent; si:0.05 percent to 0.14 percent; mn:1.45% -1.65%; s: less than or equal to 0.002%; p: less than or equal to 0.008 percent; and (3) Als:0.02% -0.04%; n:0.003 to 0.015 percent; nb:0.01 to 0.03 percent; ti:0.008 to 0.014 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The thickness of the steel plate is 25-50 mm.
The action mechanism of each alloy component in the steel is as follows:
c: the carbon-based alloy steel plate is a cheap element which can effectively improve the strength of the steel plate, but the plasticity, low-temperature toughness and welding crack resistance sensitivity of the steel plate are obviously reduced along with the improvement of the carbon content, and the carbon element with a certain content can be matched with cooling control to ensure the strength index of the steel plate due to the addition of the extremely low alloy, so the C content is preferably controlled to be 0.11-0.16% from the aspects of economy and product performance.
Si: is a main deoxidizing component in the steel-making process, can be used as a deoxidizing agent and a reducing agent in the steel-making process, is beneficial to improving the strength of a steel plate, and promotes the formation of Maoelandia when the content exceeds 0.5 percent, thereby damaging the weldability and the low-temperature toughness. The proper amount of Si can improve the elastic limit, yield strength and yield ratio of the steel and can also improve the oxidation resistance of the steel at high temperature, and researches show that for the marine steel plate, the lower Si content can improve the surface quality of the steel plate, so that the Si content is preferably 0.05-0.14%.
Mn: the Mn and S are combined to form MnS, thereby avoiding hot cracks caused by FeS formed at the grain boundary, and the Mn is also a good deoxidizer. Proper amount of manganese can improve the strength and toughness of steel, but too high amount of manganese is entangled and segregated in a casting blank, thereby causing a structure belt which is difficult to eliminate after rolling, and reducing the transverse performance and lamellar tearing resistance of the steel plate. In order to improve the toughness of the material of the present invention, the Mn content is preferably in the range of 1.45% to 1.65%.
P: the material is an element which brings adverse effects on an impact value, can be segregated in the central part of a slab, is aggregated in a crystal boundary and the like, and can damage low-temperature toughness, and the material is controlled to be not higher than 0.008%.
S: the material is an element which brings adverse effect to an impact value, can form sulfide inclusions to become a crack source, and is controlled to be not higher than 0.002%.
And (3) Als: the deoxidation and grain refining elements which are essential to the invention are added in an amount of 0.01% or more, but if it exceeds 0.08%, the hot cracking of the cast slab is liable to occur, and the toughness of the steel is lowered. More preferably, the content is in the range of 0.02% to 0.04%.
Nb: the addition of Nb in the steel can effectively refine the grain size of the steel and improve the strength and toughness. The effect is not obvious when the addition amount is less than 0.01 percent; if the content exceeds 0.05%, the toughness and weldability of the steel decrease, so the preferable content of Nb is controlled to 0.01 to 0.03%.
N: n is an element that bonds with elements such as Al, ti, and Nb to form nitrides and makes the base material structure finer. In order to exert such effects, it is necessary to contain N at 0.002% or more, but excessive solid-solution N is a cause of deterioration in toughness of the HAZ, and the content of N element is controlled appropriately to be able to play a role of refining grains, so the content of N is in the range of 0.003% to 0.015%.
Ti: the component added to improve the toughness of steel and the toughness of weld zones functions as TiN, but if it exceeds 0.04%, large-grain TiN is easily formed and loses its effect, so the Ti content is preferably in the range of 0.008% to 0.014%.
A manufacturing method of an economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for ships comprises the following steps: billet smelting → billet heating → billet rolling → steel plate cooling → stacking and slow cooling → finished steel plate. The key point of the preparation is as follows:
1) The smelting process comprises the following steps: selecting smelting raw materials, wherein the raw materials mainly comprise molten iron or high-quality return steel, the content of elements such as P, S and the like is as low as possible, controlling smelting components according to a target value, strictly controlling the content of residual elements and avoiding the carbon equivalent from exceeding the upper limit.
2) A heating process: : the steel billet creatively proposes a novel low-temperature heating system, the heating temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, the soaking temperature is 1050-1080 ℃, and the soaking time is 30-50 min.
3) The rolling process comprises the following steps: the method adopts a controlled rolling technology of austenite in a crystallization area and austenite not in the crystallization area, the initial rolling temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the large reduction is ensured at each stage, the single-pass deformation rate is more than or equal to 16%, the second stage is a finish rolling stage, the single-pass deformation rate is more than or equal to 12%, the thickness of the intermediate blank steel plate to be heated is 3-3.5 times of the thickness of a finished steel plate, the initial rolling temperature is 750-850 ℃ at the second stage, and the final rolling temperature is 700-780 ℃, the original structure is refined by combining a large-deformation rolling process, the composition of a phase transformation structure, the uniform refinement degree and the multiphase particle precipitation behavior are controlled and adjusted, the grain size uniformity on the full-thickness section of the large-thickness steel plate is obtained, and the uniformity, the strain aging resistance and the corrosion resistance of the steel type thickness-direction strength and the low-temperature toughness are improved.
4) And (3) a cooling process: the average cooling speed of the steel plate is 5-10 ℃/S, the start cooling temperature is 660-740 ℃, the end cooling temperature is 480-560 ℃, the cooling process is carried out by adopting an ACC laminar flow full-automatic cooling control mode, the head and the tail of the steel plate are shielded and controlled in the whole process, and the performance uniformity of the steel plate at different positions is ensured.
5) A stacking slow cooling process: and (5) stacking the steel plate after controlled cooling for slow cooling for more than or equal to 24h to obtain a steel plate finished product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The steel plate has the advantages that the chemical composition design is reasonable, the alloy content is very low, the steel plate cost is low, the purity of steel is improved by adopting low-P and low-S pure steel for smelting, and the economic low-temperature marine steel plate still has excellent low-temperature plastic toughness;
2) The novel low-temperature heating process is creatively provided, the heat preservation time in the soaking stage is properly designed, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, the original austenite structure grain size of the steel plate is refined, the structure uniformity of the subsequent rolled steel plate is improved, and the strengthening and toughening of the steel plate are improved to provide a foundation;
3) By combining the controlled rolling and water cooling (TMCP) processes, the structure strengthening and toughening of the economical low-temperature high-strength marine steel plate are realized, the phase change structure is uniformly refined, the shape and the grain size are controlled, and the size precision and the surface quality are controlled;
4) The economical low-temperature high-strength steel plate for the ship, which is prepared by the invention, has the advantages of high strength (the yield strength is more than or equal to 355MPa and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 520 MPa), low temperature resistance (the impact work at 40 ℃ below zero is more than or equal to 150J), Z-direction performance of more than or equal to 70 percent and maximum thickness of 50mm, has the characteristics of good structural property uniformity, lamellar tearing resistance, excellent surface quality and the like, and meets the technical requirements of severe and severe ocean environments on the steel plate for the ship.
5) The microstructure of the steel plate mainly comprises ferrite and pearlite, wherein the average grain size of the ferrite is 4-9 mu m, and the ferrite content is 65-80%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the prior austenite grain size of the steel sheet of example 1 of the steel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of a steel plate obtained as a result of working example 1 of a steel according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as can be seen from the metallographic structure of example 1, the steel plate structure treated by the TMCP process is basically ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of bainite, and the original austenite and the finished steel plate structure of the steel plate both have clear grain boundaries and very fine grains (wherein the austenite grain size is 9.0 grade and the ferrite grain size is 10.0 grade), so that the low-temperature impact toughness and the higher strength level of the economical low-temperature marine steel are greatly improved.
The chemical components of the economical low-temperature toughness E-grade high-strength steel plate for the ship are shown in table 1, the rolling method and the cooling process of the steel plate are shown in table 2, and the tensile and impact properties of the steel in the embodiment are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of the steel of the examples of the invention
TABLE 2 Rolling method of Steel according to the examples of the present invention
TABLE 3 tensile and impact properties of steels of examples of the invention
The embodiment shows that the steel plate has reasonable chemical component design, extremely low alloy content and lower steel plate cost, adopts low-P and low-S pure steel for smelting, improves the purity of steel, and ensures that the economical low-temperature marine steel plate still has excellent low-temperature ductility and toughness;
the novel low-temperature heating process creatively provided reduces the energy consumption to the greatest extent, simultaneously refines the grain size of the original austenite structure of the steel plate, improves the structure uniformity of the subsequent rolled steel plate, and provides a foundation for improving the strengthening and toughening of the steel plate; by combining the controlled rolling and water cooling (TMCP) processes, the structure strengthening and toughening of the economical low-temperature high-strength marine steel plate are realized, the phase change structure is uniformly refined, the shape and the grain size are controlled, and the size precision and the surface quality are controlled; the microstructure of the steel plate mainly comprises ferrite and pearlite, wherein the average grain size of the ferrite is 4-9 mu m, and the ferrite content is 65-80%;
in conclusion, the economical low-temperature high-strength steel plate for the ship, which is prepared by the method, has the advantages of high strength (the yield strength is more than or equal to 355MPa and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 520 MPa), low temperature resistance (the impact energy at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 150J), Z-direction performance of more than or equal to 70 percent and the maximum thickness of 50mm, has the characteristics of good structural property uniformity, lamellar tearing resistance, excellent surface quality and the like, and meets the technical requirements of severe and severe ocean environments on the steel plate for the ship.
Claims (1)
1. An economical low-temperature toughness E-level high-strength steel plate for ships is characterized in that: the steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.11 to 0.16 percent; si:0.05 percent to 0.09 percent; mn:1.65 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.002%; p: less than or equal to 0.008 percent; and Als:0.02 to 0.04 percent; n:0.008 to 0.015 percent; nb:0.01 to 0.03 percent; ti:0.008 to 0.014 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the thickness of the steel plate is 45-50 mm; the yield strength of the steel plate is more than or equal to 355MPa, and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 520MPa; the impact energy of the steel plate at-40 ℃ is more than or equal to 150J, and the Z-direction performance is more than or equal to 70%; the steel plate structure is ferrite and pearlite, wherein the average grain size of the ferrite is 4-9 mu m, and the volume content of the ferrite is 65-80%;
the manufacturing method of the economical low-temperature toughness E-level high-strength steel plate for the ship comprises smelting, continuous casting, rolling and cooling,
heating the steel billet before rolling at 1100-1150 deg.c and 1050-1080 deg.c for 30-50 min; the method adopts a two-stage controlled rolling technology of an austenite recrystallization region and an austenite non-recrystallization region, the initial rolling temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the single-pass deformation rate is more than or equal to 16%, the thickness of the intermediate blank steel plate to be heated is 3-3.5 times of the thickness of the finished steel plate, the initial rolling temperature of the second stage is 790-850 ℃, the single-pass deformation rate is more than or equal to 12%, and the final rolling temperature is 735-780 ℃; cooling after rolling, wherein the average cooling speed of the steel plate is 5-10 ℃/s, the start cooling temperature is 660-740 ℃, and the final cooling temperature is 480-560 ℃; and stacking the steel plates after controlled cooling for slow cooling for more than or equal to 24h.
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