Binder composition for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a binder for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. By introducing the polymer component with good main chain structure flexibility into the conventional adhesive PVDF material for blending, the problems of insufficient flexibility of the PVDF adhesive material and insufficient flame diffusion prevention capability are effectively solved. Belongs to the technical field of adhesives.
Background
The binder is one of important constituent materials of the lithium ion battery, and comprises the following components: the uniformity and the safety of the active substances during pulping are ensured; the adhesive has an adhesive effect among the active material particles; bonding an active material to a current collector; maintaining the adhesion between the active material and the current collector; is an additional material with higher technical content in the lithium ion battery material.
Although the amount of the binder used in the electrode tab is small, the quality of the binder performance directly affects the capacity, life and safety of the battery.
Currently, the lithium ion battery binders widely used mainly include three types: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) emulsion, and carboxymethyl cellulose, others including polyacrylic acid, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyacrylate have also been used in small amounts.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is the earliest commercialized and most widely used lithium ion battery binder, and has the outstanding characteristics of strong oxidation and reduction resistance, good thermal stability and easy dispersion, however, the binder material has the following problems:
a, the modulus is large, so that the flexibility of the pole piece is insufficient;
b, the electrolyte is easy to swell, so that the adhesiveness of an active substance on a current collector is poor;
c, lithium carbide is easily formed with metal lithium, and the service life and the safety performance of the battery are influenced;
d poor electron and ionic conductivity;
and E, the requirement on the humidity of the environment is high during storage and use.
Due to the problems of the PVDF binder material and the continuous development of the lithium ion battery industry, higher performance requirements are provided for the binder: the safety thermal protection requirement of the high-energy battery can be met; to have excellent mechanical properties; the lithium ion battery has good elastic buffer, can adapt to the large volume change in the process of lithium intercalation and deintercalation of positive and negative active materials of the high-energy density lithium ion battery, and maintains the stability of an electrode structure; it should have good electronic and ionic conductivity while having good adhesion.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of a PVDF binder material, the invention aims to develop a binder material for a lithium ion battery, which has good cohesiveness, excellent high-low temperature elastic performance and better flame retardance.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the problems as follows:
the adhesive composition for the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a mixture of PVDF, a toughening agent (polymer with good main chain structure flexibility), a blending compatilizer and a flame retardant; wherein the weight percentage of PVDF is 75-95%, the weight percentage of flexibilizer is 3-20%, the weight percentage of blending compatilizer is 0.5-2% and the weight percentage of flame retardant is 0.5-3%.
The PVDF is a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene;
the toughening agent is a polymer with good flexibility of a main chain structure, and is selected from one or more of a common silica polymer, a fluorine-containing phosphorus-nitrogen polymer, a common phosphorus-nitrogen polymer and a fluorocarbon polymer.
Preferably, the general silicone polymer is one or two of dimethyl polysiloxane, diethyl polysiloxane and methyl vinyl polysiloxane.
Preferably, the fluorine-containing siloxane polymer is trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane,
Preferably, the fluorine-containing phosphorus-nitrogen polymer is one or two of pentafluorophenoxy polyphosphazene and trifluoroethoxy polyphosphazene.
Preferably, the general phosphorus-nitrogen polymer is one or two of phenoxy polyphosphazene and ethoxy polyphosphazene.
Preferably, the fluorocarbon polymer is one or more of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene, and a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene.
The blending compatilizer is a compound of one or more of MMA-co-GMA, methyl methacrylate, polypropylene maleic anhydride graft copolymer (PP-g-MAH), polyethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and polypropylene-maleic anhydride-styrene graft copolymer in the component A and one or more of DISPER BYK163, Solsperse27000, BYK3550, EFKA5044, KH-560, EFKA 5244, Solsperse28000 and BK Anti-Terra-203 in the component B; wherein A, B is 10: 1-1: 1.
the flame retardant is one or a combination of more of phenoxycyclophosphazene, hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, ethoxy pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene and 2-chloro-4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene.
The adhesive composition is prepared according to the following steps:
a. weighing PVDF and a blending compatilizer according to a proportion, and adding the PVDF and the blending compatilizer into an internal mixer for mixing for 10 minutes;
b. b, weighing a certain proportion of toughening agent, adding the toughening agent into the mixture obtained in the step a, and continuously mixing for 30 minutes in an internal mixer;
c. weighing a certain proportion of flame retardant, and continuously mixing for 10 minutes;
d. discharging and processing into granules.
The invention relates to a PVDF binder system of a lithium ion battery nonaqueous (solvent) solution, and typical patent technologies closest to the PVDF binder system comprise: CN 106711460B 'an electrode slurry composition and its use for preparing electrode and lithium ion battery', adopts a technical scheme of introducing polyacrylic acid and polyacrylate into PVDF, improves the stability of slurry and inhibits interface side reaction. In patent CN 111509223a, "a lithium ion battery anode binder and lithium ion battery slurry", PVDF technical solutions with different molecular weights are used to improve the stability and adhesion of the slurry. Patent CN201811399797.1 "a binder system for lithium battery positive electrode slurry" uses the fluidity of modified foam titanium dioxide modified PVDF to reduce the amount of binder. Patent No. cn201811635015.x "preparation method of positive electrode composite conductive adhesive for lithium ion battery" introduces carbon nanotube into PVDF to improve electronic conductivity of the adhesive. CN201910016180.5 'A preparation method of a reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride lithium battery conductive binder' adopts a silane coupling agent to improve the adhesiveness of PVDF. CN201610033956.0 "a binder and its Li-ion battery" refers to the binder of Li-ion battery, which belongs to C-C polymer with different substituent groups.
Obviously, the invention is obviously different from the prior technical scheme, and the embodiment of the beneficial effect is also obviously different:
(1) the introduced polymer with good flexibility of the main chain structure reduces the crystallinity of PVDF to a certain extent, widens the applicable temperature range (especially the applicability at higher temperature) of the material, is beneficial to effectively transmitting stress to the whole area, and improves the flexibility of the binder, thereby improving the stability of the electrode structure;
(2) the added polymer molecular structure with good main chain structure flexibility does not have adjacent C-F, C-H, so that the probability that the coating process is influenced by the viscosity deterioration caused by easy HF removal after the PVDF absorbs water is reduced;
(3) by optimally compounding various polymers and PVDF, the binder composition has higher solid cracking residual rate, and can effectively inhibit the heat release process of the reaction of PVDF and lithium at high temperature (350 ℃), thereby improving the safety of the battery under extreme conditions.
Detailed Description
In order to improve the compatibility of polymers such as silicon oxide, fluorine-containing silicon oxide, nitrogen and phosphorus and the like with PVDF and avoid the influence on the performance of the blend due to the combination defects such as phase separation, agglomeration and the like, the invention adopts the compound of different types of polymers as the blend compatilizer in the long-term test and exploration process.
Embodiments of the invention are described further below.
Example 1: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 90g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of methyl methacrylate, polypropylene maleic anhydride graft copolymer (PP-g-MAH) and 0.3g of Solsperse27000, increasing the temperature to 200 ℃ after 10 minutes, adding 10g of trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 2g of phenoxy cyclophosphazene, continuing blending for 10 minutes, then taking out the mixture from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing the mixture at room temperature, and drying the mixture in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
Example 2: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 80g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of MMA-co-GMA copolymer of methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate and 0.4g of EFKA 5244, after 10 minutes, increasing the temperature to 200 ℃, adding 20g of trifluoroethoxy polyphosphazene, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 1g of phenoxy cyclophosphazene, continuing blending for 10 minutes, then taking out the mixture from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing the mixture at room temperature, and drying the mixture in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
Example 3: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 80g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of methyl methacrylate, polypropylene maleic anhydride graft copolymer (PP-g-MAH) and 0.3g of Solsperse28000, increasing the temperature to 200 ℃ after 10 minutes, adding 20g of phenoxy polyphosphazene, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 1g of hexamethoxy cyclotriphosphazene, continuing blending for 10 minutes, then taking out the mixture from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing at room temperature, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
Example 4: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 90g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of polypropylene-maleic anhydride-styrene graft copolymer and 0.3g of KH-560, after 10 minutes, increasing the temperature to 210 ℃, adding 10g of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene terpolymer, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 2g of phenoxy cyclophosphazene, continuously blending for 10 minutes, then taking out from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing at room temperature, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
Example 5: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 90g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of methyl methacrylate, polypropylene maleic anhydride graft copolymer (PP-g-MAH) and 0.5g of BYK3550, after 10 minutes, increasing the temperature to 200 ℃, adding 10g of methyl vinyl polysiloxane, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 2g of phenoxy cyclophosphazene, continuing blending for 10 minutes, then taking out the mixture from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing the mixture at room temperature, and drying the mixture in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
Example 6: all solid materials were dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h before use. Weighing 80g of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material, adding the PVDF material into a blending cavity of a rheometer with the set temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotation speed of 60r/min, after the PVDF is completely melted, sequentially adding 0.5g of a copolymer (MMA-co-GMA) of methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate and 0.3g of BYK Anti-Terra-203, after 10 minutes, increasing the temperature to 210 ℃, adding 20g of pentafluorophenoxy polyphosphazene, blending for 5 minutes, then adding 1g of ethoxy pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, continuing blending for 10 minutes, then taking out the mixture from the blending cavity, cooling and crushing at room temperature, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to finish the preparation.
EXAMPLES comparison of Performance
Electrode paste preparation example:
weighing 6 g of the binder material prepared by the present invention (preferably but not limited to those described in the above examples) and dissolving in 44 g of NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) to prepare a 12% solution;
82 g LiCoO was weighed2And 6 g of carbon black and 6 g of graphite powder are mixed and ground in advance and then added into the solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred and dispersed into uniform slurry, so that the preparation of the electrode slurry is completed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate only preferred embodiments of the invention and do not limit the invention.