CN1131718C - Process for reducing NOx, SOx, chlorine and particulates while maintaining reliable operation of an electrostatic precipitator - Google Patents
Process for reducing NOx, SOx, chlorine and particulates while maintaining reliable operation of an electrostatic precipitator Download PDFInfo
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- CN1131718C CN1131718C CN94117014A CN94117014A CN1131718C CN 1131718 C CN1131718 C CN 1131718C CN 94117014 A CN94117014 A CN 94117014A CN 94117014 A CN94117014 A CN 94117014A CN 1131718 C CN1131718 C CN 1131718C
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- ammonia
- urea
- waste gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The reliable function of a cottrell precipitator is maintained, SO<x>, HC1 and NO<x> are greatly and effectively reduced at the same time, in addition, the correlative problems and damages caused by using ammonia cannot happen. The method is that a stable sizing agent which includes a compound containing alkaline to reduce SO<x> and a nitrogen-containing compound which can effectively reduce NO<x> (except ammonia, especially carbamide, carbamide hydrolysate or the component of thereof) is led in the exhaust gas, and the residual ammonia is generated on the condition of existing in the exhaust gas; the ammonia-containing exhaust gas is made to flow by the cottrell precipitator.
Description
The method that the particle that the present invention relates to a kind of effective minimizing all gases chemical pollutant and produce owing to organic-fuel and trash burning distributes is kept the reliable operation of electrostatic precipitator when making chemical pollutant reach minimizing.
The burning of carbon-containing fuel in domestic boiler and other power plant can produce nitrogen oxide (NO
x), oxysulfide (SO
x) and acid chlorine (HCl), and solids, be commonly referred to flying dust.
A kind of method of effective removal burnt gas particle is the device that is called " electrostatic precipitator ".In electrostatic precipitator, burnt gas passes through between the electrode that can produce corona discharge.This has just caused that particle is charged, and when charged, particle moves and is deposited on the collector to collector.After coming out from electrostatic precipitator, the waste gas that does not have particle substantially can be to airborne release.
Known electrostatic precipitator technology is in some cases at SO
xThe minimizing aspect can be competent at.For example, known SO
3Can strengthen the operation of electrostatic precipitator.Yet, owing to therefore reduce SO with different humidity provinces (window) in order to optimize the stable slurry of action need
xTechnology can make NO
xReduce and become complicated.
For the operation of electrostatic precipitator, have now found that a factor of particular importance is the resistivity that is entrained in the particle in the waste gas.Particle resistivity must enough highly just help collecting.Yet in many electrostatic precipitator, the resistivity of particle is too high, up to about 10
13Ohm-cm or higher magnitude.In this case, the collection efficiency of particle can reduce significantly.The pollution ride gain that the minimizing of collection efficiency can seriously damage electrostatic precipitator and provided.Usually, desirable electrical resistivity range is about 10
8-Yue 10
10Between ohm-cm.
For the particle in " adjusting " waste gas can use some reagent to keep its resistivity in desired scope.Comprise sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide (SO
3) and phosphoric acid, be best with sulfur trioxide, these conditioning agents are the most general.In addition, other conditioning agent through being usually used in improving the electrostatic precipitator collection efficiency is an ammonia, also is to find that already it can improve collection efficiency.
Unfortunately, ammonia is poisonous and is difficult to grasp.In addition, ammonia is kept under high pressure or rare aqueous solution form (NH
4OH) thus increased expense.In storage, processing and transportation, use ammonia can produce serious problem, thereby hinder its use as the electrostatic precipitator conditioning agent.
Known alkaline reagent (as alkaline-earth metal and alkali-metal oxide, hydroxide and carbonate) can reduce acid chloride and SO
xYet,, these materials can further produce particle, and these particles are written into waste gas and electrostatic precipitator are caused difficulty.The low conductivity of metal oxide can cause the raising of flying dust resistivity, makes with electrostatic precipitator and removes particle difficulty more.Reduce SO with regard to it
xEffect, they can also reduce SO
3Existence, on the contrary, this can improve the function of electrostatic precipitator.
For this reason, desirable is a kind of method, and this method is suitable for reducing the gas pollutant of burnt gas with solids-it has reliability and also can not produce relevant problem and loss because of using ammonia by the use of the injection of simple chemicals and electrostatic precipitator.
The objective of the invention is together with NO
xReduce and reach effective minimizing SO together
x, and can not produce relevant problem by removing particle in the waste gas because of electrostatic precipitator.
Another purpose of the present invention is to make SO
xAnd NO
xReach effective minimizing, and can not have problems by removing particle in the waste gas, and can not produce relevant problem and loss because of using ammonia because of electrostatic precipitator.
A further object of the invention is to reach by electrostatic precipitator to remove particle reliably, reaches effective minimizing SO simultaneously
x, HCl and NO
x, can not produce relevant problem and loss because of using ammonia.
The present invention finishes these and other purpose, and the step that method provided by the invention comprises has: the preparation slurry, preferably stable, it comprises alkalescence and reduces SO
xCompound and the regulation temperature range in, effectively reduce NO
xWith the nitrogenous composition that produces residue ammonia (except that ammonia, especially urea or urea hydrolysate or its composition); At least select a treatment region with the temperature in described set point of temperature scope; Described slurry is introduced described treatment region to reduce NO
x, SO
xWith chloride and produce ammonia; And make the waste gas that contains ammonia flow through electrostatic precipitator.Reach the unfailing performance that keeps electrostatic precipitator thus, can also make SO simultaneously
x, HCl and NO
xReach effective minimizing, can't produce relevant problem and loss because of using ammonia.
According to the following detailed description, can understand the present invention better, it is more obvious that its advantage will become, and reads especially with reference to the accompanying drawings, and wherein accompanying drawing is an employing boiler simplified diagram of the present invention.
Commercial Application
The typical description of equipment of the present invention is in accompanying drawing, and boiler 100 comprises a kind of flame zone 10 in the figure, and fuel 12 burns therein and forms waste gas 14.Waste gas 14 passes exhaust piping 20 by flame zone 10.Electrostatic precipitator 30 is to make waste gas 14 under a suitable temperature in the layout on the exhaust piping 20, for example about 149 ℃ (300) electrostatic precipitator of flowing through.
For importing nitrogen-containing compound such as urea or urea hydrolysate and SO
xReduce agent such as Ca (OH)
2The device 40 of stable slurry be placed on the exhaust piping 20 so that injection device 50 can be effective in NO
xThe waste gas 14 temperature places that minimizing and ammonia produce stretch in the waste gas 14.Ammonia stream is delivered to electrostatic precipitator 30, is having in the presence of the ammonia that has produced, because selected to have the treatment region that is suitable for this purpose temperature range, and makes electrostatic precipitator can cause the precipitation of particle in the waste gas.Best, temperature is lower than the best NO of minimizing
xTemperature, for example be lower than about 1010 ℃ (1850 °F).Yet higher temperature also can be used, and this depends on the used chemicals and the degree of dilution.
Use the present invention can reach purpose of the present invention, it reduces or eliminates transportation, stores and handles the necessity of a large amount of ammonia or ammoniacal liquor.Even do not provide when regulating waste gas and being beneficial to the necessary whole ammonia of electrostatic precipitator function when the inventive method, the minimizing of aequum still can provide significant advantage aspect security and the expense two.
The inventive method preferably adopts the inorganic agent of single aqueous slurry form, and it contains a kind of NO of nitrogenous composition of non-ammonia
xReduce agent and the preferably stable alkaline SO of fine-powdered
xReduce the suspension of agent.Term " the nitrogenous composition of non-ammonia " means and comprises multiple composition that having at least a kind of composition to contain the nitrogen element is not ammonia, although NO
xThe minimizing agent can contain the ammonia as the form of the accessory substance of residue or hydrolysis or other degraded or chemistry reformation.Powdered alkaline SO
xThe suspension that reduces agent preferably contains a kind of material that is selected from oxide, hydroxide and the carbonate (hydroxide of preferably magnesium or calcium or carbonate) of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal at least.Be suitable for NO
xAnd SO
xEach reduces the mixture especially meaningfully of agent.
Be used to simplify and the slurry of valid function is stable, must use suitable stabilizers.Usually have HLB and be lower than about 10 hydrophobic surfactant and HLB and belong to preferred stabilizing agent system at least about the stabilizing agent of 10 more hydrophilic surfactant, wherein hydrophobicity and hydrophilic surfactant active's HLB value differs at least about 3, preferably at least about 5.The preferable range of the weight of hydrophobic dispersants and the ratio of hydrophilic dispersant weight is at about 25: 1～about 1: 1, for example about 12: 1～about 2: 1.The concentration of common used dispersant system per approximately hundred very much about 1～about 20,000w/v (ppm), and preferred about 250～about 1000ppm.
Preferred hydrophobicity dispersant (HLB value is lower than 8) is that the block polymer, petroleum sulfonate, organophosphorus ester, the ester fat that are selected from phenol ethanol, oxirane and the expoxy propane of ethoxylation are sour as oleic acid, castor oil, alkylsulfonate, Marlamid with and the material of any two or more mixture.Preferred hydrophilic dispersant is to be selected from alkanolamide, lauryl sulfate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, amidosulfonic acid salt, phosphate and the agent of two or more mixture arbitrarily thereof.NO
xReducing agent can be a kind of effective agents to the reduction of nitrogen oxide non-catalytic.This method comprise a kind of optionally, free radical-intermediary (mediated) method, often be called SNCR effect (SNCR).
Various nitrogenous compositions with its pure and general commercially available form, when introducing with the aqueous solution, will produce effective gas phase NO
xReducing agent (amidozine base for example, NH).Belong to outstanding nitrogenous composition row be the precursor of urea, urea, one or more hydrolysates of urea (as aminoquinoxaline, ammonium carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium), other ammonium salt and various urea complex, comprise the urea hydrolysate, it is being made up of with a kind of unique texture of aminoquinoxaline complexing ammonium carbonate and carbonic hydroammonium, the product of urea and himself or other component, related component reaction, or the mixture of these compounds.In these compounds, also comprise ammonium carbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium citrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate, (organic and inorganic two kinds of other ammonium salts, but organic acid especially), ammonium hydroxide, various stable amine, guanidine, guanidine carbonate, biguanides, miaow base urea sulfate, melamine, cdicynanmide, cyanamid, biuret, 1,1 ' Celogen Az, methylolurea, methylolurea-urea, dimethyl urea, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) or above-mentioned mixture.Preferred NO
xReducing agent comprises urea, ammonium carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium, aminoquinoxaline, ammonium hydroxide or the aqueous solution form mixture of these compounds arbitrarily.A kind of optimum mixture is the urea hydrolysate.
With regard to NO
xThe comfort zone of-reduzate (window), its utilization ratio etc. and opinion can use reinforcing agent (enhaner) to improve NO
xThe efficient of reducing agent.Belong to the reinforcing agent that can be included with inorganic agent of the present invention, above-mentioned material when using with appropriate combination is arranged, and other composition is such as U.S.P.4,719,092,4,844,878 and 4, disclose cited composition in 877,591, be incorporated herein as a reference.
The multiple hydrolysate of urea and single urea hydrolysate are used for the nitrogen oxide reduction, be disclosed in the international patent application that is entitled as " Proccss for the In-LineHydrolysis ofUrea " (method of pipeline hydrolysis urea) of Von Harpe and Pachaly, publication number WO applied on August 1st, 92/02291,1991; With von Harpe and Pachaly, Lin, Diep, in the international patent application of being entitled as of Wegrzyn " with urea hydrolysate nitrogen oxides reduction ", publication number WO applied for that the disclosed content of each piece was all listed this paper in list of references on August 1st, 92/02450,1991.
The product of the hydrolysis of urea or urea hydrolysate can have significant advantage as the nitrogenous composition introducing in the inorganic agent of the present invention because they can be in quite wide EGT district nitrogen oxides reduction, can make nitrous oxide (N simultaneously
2O), minimum is reduced in the generation of another kind of pollutant.
In order to supply enough urea hydrolysates effectively with nitrogen oxides reduction with regulate the waste gas of the electrostatic precipitator of flowing through, 25% the urea of requiring to have an appointment at least is hydrolyzed.Better 60% the urea hydrolysis of having an appointment at least is preferably at least about 80% urea hydrolysis.
The degree of hydrolysis can be determined by the raising of measuring conductance and proportion and basicity.The conductance of 10% urea solution is about 1.2 milliohms, so about 120 milliohms of the conductance of 10% urea solution of complete hydrolysis.As a comparison, about 1.2 milliohms of 25% urea solution conductance, about 140 milliohms of 25% solution conductivity rate of hydrolysate thus.Hydrolysate can show higher conductance and proportion.
Powdered alkaline SO
xThe stable suspension that reduces agent preferably comprises a kind of material that is selected from oxide, hydroxide and the carbonate (the preferably hydroxide of magnesium or calcium or carbonate) of alkali metal or earth metal at least.Many SO that are used for
xThe calcium and the magnesium base sorbent that reduce are known, comprise lime, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and composition thereof, for example exist with lime stone, the common ore form of dolomite with other calcium or magnesium carbonate form, comprise shell, aragonite, principal solution stone, chalk, marble, marl and calcareous tufa, can both exploit or make.Have now found that calcium hydroxide (regulation comprises white lime) and nitrogenous treating agent form cooperative compositions.
Sorbent preferably includes the calcium hydroxide at least about 10%, preferably at least about 40%, preferably all is calcium hydroxide.The amount of calcium sorbent can be according to SO in the waste gas in the present composition
2Amount and composition in the amount of nitrogenous treating agent change.Best, contained calcium hydroxide is with calcium and beginning (level before promptly handling) SO in the composition
2Mol ratio be about 1: 2～about 4: 1, preferably about 1: 1～about 3: 1.Usually, calcium hydroxide constitutes about 10% of slurry of the present invention at least, is preferably between about 15% and about 50%.When paste composition is thought to do, promptly during diluent free, then calcium hydroxide constitute remove diluent outer composition maximum amount can reach about 97%, and better about 65%～about 97%.
Nitrogenous treating agent preferably exists with the form of the ratio of (promptly handle before) waste gas amount of nitrogen oxides of nitrogen in the inorganic agent and beginning, and this ratio excursion is between about 0.5～about 3.5.This ratio is called " standard chemical metering ratio " or " NSR "." standard chemical metering ratio " refers to reduction group such as NH
xBase (NH
xBase, x are integers, think the part that provided by inorganic agent to help causing NO
xBe reduced into N
2Serial reaction) concentration and the ratio of nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas concentration, and available [NH
x]/[NO
x] expression.In other words, inorganic agent and NO when the chemistry of reduction does not have fine definition
xThe mol ratio of concentration can replace NSR to use; The term NSR that is used for this paper also can be regarded as suitable mol ratio.
Advantageously, the amount of contained nitrogenous treating agent also is about 1%～about 15% of final slurry for about 3%～about 35% by whole composition weight meters except diluent (being water).When adding urea with aqueous solution form, solution water should not count in the urea weight amount that will add is calculated.
Usually, nitrogenous dose weight ratio of sorbent and slurry of the present invention about 1.5: 1～about 33: 1 better is about 2.7: 1～about 22: 1.Except that nitrogenous dose and sorbent, the remainder of composition comprises water or other diluent that is enough to generate slurry.Usually, slurry contains 20%～about 70% the solid of having an appointment by weight, preferred about 26%～about 50% solid (weight).
As an example, suppose that exhaust gas volume is 2.83 * 10
4Standard cubic meter/hour (1,000,000 standard cubic foot/hour), SO
2Concentration is per 1000/1000000ths parts (ppm) and NO
xConcentration be 300ppm (as run into), the Ca of water (OH) then
2With the slurry of urea, can be by sorbent and SO
2Mol ratio is that 2 (or 174.5 kilograms/hour (384.4 Pounds Per Hours)) and NSR are the amount introducing of 2 (21.2 kilograms/hour (46.75 Pounds Per Hours)).This just causes 8.22 the sorbent and the ratio of urea.
Under reducing the condition for validity of pollutant levels wherein, slurry is imported in the waste gas then.Usually, when EGT changes, slurry is imported waste gas between about 815.6 ℃ (1500 °F) and about 1204.4 ℃ (2200 °F).
Preferably, slurry is that concentrated solution ratio on request by calcium hydroxide slurry and nitrogenous treating agent mixes.If slurry is not when sending into waste gas at once, then can require to contain suitable stabilizers after preparation, this depends on and requires the time length that leaves standstill before importing.
Import slurry then, for example be injected in the waste gas to be processed.Like this, consider that validity will guarantee the even mixing of slurry and enough penetration powers.The injection of design is to carry out from each nozzle that exists prior to inlet, so that slurry reaches uniform distribution on the cross section of each concentration of waste gas.
Because need slurry evenly to distribute to spread all on desired each cross section of waste gas with effective reduction pollutant, nozzle must be selected this purpose effective.It will be effective to this purpose that the skilled craftsman can discern some habitual nozzle.Comprise Turbotak for injecting the suitable special nozzle of aqueous slurry
Nozzle.Other suitable nozzle is described in the international patent application that is entitled as " method and apparatus that reduces the burning gases pollutant levels ", application number is PCT/EP91/00952, with the Chawla name, by Bermann and Pachaly in application on May 21st, 1991 and November 11 nineteen eighty-two disclosed DRP DE-2627880C2, the content of every piece of patent disclosure all is incorporated herein as a reference.
In some cases, the amount of the water in the slurry or other diluent may have the effect of a kind of " reduction " to sorbent and nitrogenous preparation.That is to say that the time of cost evaporation diluent can postpone to handle the effect of chemicals, handles up to being lower than under the beginning temperature desired.When the solid concentration of slurry is lower than approximately 38%, when better being lower than about 28% (by weight), (although not being inevitably) may take place in this phenomenon.
The importing ratio of EGT (for example position that imports by adjusting), dedicated set compound and inorganic agent when importing nitrogenous treating agent by changing can guarantee enough ammonia, has the existence of part ammonia at least.Adjust these parameters so that the ammonia in the waste gas reaches desired amount.This can adopt and be described in US 4,780,289, US 4,830,839 and/or US 5,017, method and technology in 347 are finished, the disclosed content of above-mentioned each piece patent is quoted as a reference in this article, thereby can utilize nitrogen oxide to reduce the relation curve of the EGT of handling system and plateau thereof with the existing of control secondary pollutant, as reductive NO
xThe time ammonia.
When so-called " nitrogen oxide reduces the relation curve to EGT " means the processing system and realizes, by in the EGT scope, inorganic agent being imported waste gas and measuring the curve of data point that imports minimizing value (representing by the percentage of the amount of the beginning usually) gained of the nitrogen oxide under temperature at each." plateau " is meant the zone of the minimizing of nitrogen oxide to the curve of EGT, at this zone NO
xMinimizing be maximum basically in the scope of temperature, preferably comprise two data values (certainly those of skill in the art can to pick out plateau might not be flat, because due to the influence of " data disperse " and the generation of other real data) at least." processing system " meaning is that inorganic agent is introduced the condition that (as injecting) waste gas neutralisation treatment agent is introduced, (meaning of dilution is that used inorganic agent is when being a kind of solution as the composition (suggestion of composition is the composition of the chemical formulation of inorganic agent) of inorganic agent, the dilution of inorganic agent, the concentration of inorganic agent composition), the existing of relevant inorganic agent composition (its implication be composition relative weight than or share, described composition forms the chemical formulation of preparation inorganic agent) etc.
NH
3And NH
4-compound can exist by two kinds of forms in waste gas-on flying dust and in the gas phase.NH on flying dust
4-compound can be used as the preliminary treatment of flying dust, to improve conductance and agglomeration or interior poly-.
If the generation of ammonia is by guaranteeing the required excessive nitrogen-containing compound of electrostatic precipitator valid function, then can adopt optionally catalytic reduction (SCR) step, reaching NO to utilize ammonia
xFurther reduction.Catalyst system therefor is a kind of the catalyst that can reduce the waste gas nitrous oxides concentration under the situation of ammonia to be arranged.This catalyst comprises for example active carbon, charcoal or coke, barium monoxide, tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, noble metal such as platinum group metal, and as platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium, or its mixture.What catalyst material of using always in other prior art and those skilled in the art knew also can use.These catalyst materials are fixed on the carrier usually as ceramic masses or zeolite, although other known carrier also can use.When being easy to act as most the temperature of waste gas between about 110 ℃ (230) and about 510 ℃ (950), the waste gas that contains ammonia is flow through on catalyst.
In addition, import the restriction that nitrogen-containing compound is not subjected to SNCR or SCR approach.In this case, the urea of urea, hydrolysis or other compound of the present invention (preferably are the solution form, especially the aqueous solution) under EGT, introduce in the waste gas, wherein compound is easy to transform ammonification so that regulate electrostatic precipitator, under basic and above-mentioned the same terms, except there not being NO under SNCR or the SCR situation
xMinimizing before electrostatic precipitator, take place.
Advantageously, the amount of the nitrogenous treating agent that imports toward waste gas will be enough to provide the volume of the ammonia that produces in the waste gas (no matter be importing SNCR, SCR after, still when no SNCR or SCR, import compound), this amount will be enough to reduce the resistivity of particle to being lower than about 10
13Ohm-cm is better 10
8With about 10
10Between ohm-cm.Usually, the volume of ammonia should be about 3.0/1000000ths (ppm) at least.Best is to introduce inorganic agent so that the concentration of ammonia reaches about 3.0ppm～about 100ppm toward waste gas, preferably about 10.0ppm～about 50.0ppm.
Preferably the temperature of working as waste gas in the time of better between about 121 ℃ (250 °F) and about 454.4 ℃ (850 °F), makes waste gas flow through electrostatic precipitator between about 21 ℃ (70 °F) and about 732 ℃ (1350 °F).It is high like that electrostatic precipitator in some experiments, operating temperature can reach 815.6 ℃ according to appointment (1500 °F).Like this, the ammonia that exists in the waste gas by being introduced in of inorganic agent promotes the precipitation of particle most effectively.
Top description is used to instruct persons skilled in the art how to go to implement the present invention, and is not that whole obvious improvement and the change schemes of the present invention described in attempt in detail, and when reading specification, the present invention will become clearer concerning those skilled in the art.Yet all these significantly improve and change scheme all will be included within the scope of the invention, and the present invention will be limited by following claims.Claims cover claimed key element and step with any arrangement or order form, and described arrangement or order are effectively for the purpose that satisfies appointment, unless context has clear and definite opposite indication.
Claims (6)
1. method that is used to improve the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitator, this method comprises:
Prepare a kind of alkalescence that contains and reduce SO
xCompound and reduce NO
xThe slurry of nitrogenous composition, described alkalescence reduces SO
xCompound comprise at least a material that is selected from oxide, hydroxide and the carbonate of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, described minimizing NO
xNitrogenous composition comprise the mixture of urea, ammonium carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium, aminoquinoxaline, ammonium hydroxide or these materials, described minimizing NO
xNitrogenous composition effectively reduce NO
xAnd generation concentration is the residue ammonia of 3-100ppm in the temperature range that limits;
Select at least one treatment region, its temperature is in the temperature range of described qualification;
Described slurry is introduced in the described treatment region to reduce NO
x, SO
xWith chloride and produce ammonia; With
Make the waste gas that the contains ammonia electrostatic precipitator of flowing through.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said nitrogenous composition comprises the urea hydrolysate, this urea hydrolysate by the urea aqueous solution through heating with pressurize one section and be enough to the described urea of partial hydrolysis at least and form with the time that forms the urea hydrolysate, described urea hydrolysate comprises the complex compound of aminoquinoxaline and carbonic hydroammonium/ammonium carbonate, and wherein the ratio of aminoquinoxaline and carbonic hydroammonium/ammonium carbonate is 10: 1 to 1: 200.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that the amount of introducing the described nitrogenous composition in the waste gas will be enough to provide a kind of ammonia concentration, this ammonia concentration is lower than 10 for the resistivity of keeping particle
13Ohm-cm is effective.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that the amount of introducing the described nitrogenous composition in the waste gas will be enough to provide the ammonia of 10-50ppm.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein composition comprises a kind of stabiliser system, this system comprises the HLB value and is lower than 8 hydrophobic surfactant and HLB value and is at least 8 more hydrophilic surfactant, and wherein the difference of hydrophobicity and hydrophilic surfactant active's HLB value is at least 3.
6. the method for claim 5, wherein the difference of hydrophobicity and hydrophilic surfactant active's HLB value is at least 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26486594A | 1994-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | |
| US08/264,865 | 1994-06-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1114593A CN1114593A (en) | 1996-01-10 |
| CN1131718C true CN1131718C (en) | 2003-12-24 |
Family
ID=23007933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94117014A Expired - Fee Related CN1131718C (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1994-10-11 | Process for reducing NOx, SOx, chlorine and particulates while maintaining reliable operation of an electrostatic precipitator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1131718C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL176163B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102343206A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社日立工业设备技术 | Treatment method and treatment facilities of exhaust gas |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0373351A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-06-20 | Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) | A mixture for reducing pollutant materials in boiler flue gases |
| US5219543A (en) * | 1990-12-08 | 1993-06-15 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for removing dust, sulfur compounds and nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases |
-
1994
- 1994-10-11 CN CN94117014A patent/CN1131718C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-30 PL PL94306654A patent/PL176163B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0373351A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-06-20 | Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) | A mixture for reducing pollutant materials in boiler flue gases |
| US5219543A (en) * | 1990-12-08 | 1993-06-15 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for removing dust, sulfur compounds and nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102343206A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社日立工业设备技术 | Treatment method and treatment facilities of exhaust gas |
| CN102343206B (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2014-10-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Treatment method and treatment facilities of exhaust gas |
| US8968691B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2015-03-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Treatment method and treatment facilities of exhaust gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL306654A1 (en) | 1996-01-08 |
| CN1114593A (en) | 1996-01-10 |
| PL176163B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
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